Nor was Song "very naive." She was 19 years old, not 13; she was the daughter of a party official; she was attending the most elite girls school in Beijing if not all of China; and she was the authority in her school at the time. Thirteen days earlier, it had been she who made the official notification to the Beijing municipal authorities that Bian, her vice-principal, had been murdered. Violence had been going on in the school for at least two months: Bian had been beaten in June so Song was not "naive" as to violence either.
Yan: "I couldn't believe the press would fabricate a new name for me and put words in my mouth for propaganda needs."
I have watched Morning Sun three times now and I can never get past this point without laughing. There are three things that Yan is trying to foist upon naive viewers here.
First, is that it was the press who gave her the name Yaowu, just "fabricated" it out of whole cloth. Minutes earlier in Morning Sun Yan ADMITTED that the name was suggested to her by Mao. This time at least People's Daily didn't fabricated anything. They got the facts exactly right.
Second, is that she did not write that article in the People's Daily. Now we are not so naive as to believe that everything penned in the People's Daily was true back then. However, there is compelling if not conclusive evidence that she did write the article: She DID pin Mao. We have the film evidence of that, and she DOES admit in Morning Sun that the conversation with Mao did in fact take place. So Mao did suggest that her given name should be changed to something more martial and then two days later there's a front-page article in the paper on the pinning and the name change and she had no idea? Possible: somebody else heard it/was told about it, and wrote it "in the first person" without Song's knowledge. More PROBABLE, the circumstantial evidence suggests, is that Song was the author. UNBELIEVABLE is Song's protest that the article was written without her approval, even if post-facto.
But then there's her statement about her naivete that the press would do what she accuses it of doing. She was "shocked, SHOCKED!" that such a thing could occur IN MAOIST CHINA? And Carma "Mike Wallace" Hinton let her say that without follow-up?
Yan continues: "My name didn't belong to me anymore. I had to change it so my friends helped me find a new single-syllable name by randomly picking a word out of a dictionary."
Indeed. One can see this poignant scene clearly:
Song: "Comrades my name has been changed by the evil communist propaganda lackeys at People's Daily!"
Her comrades: "Fear not Educated and Gentle, we will help you pick a new name! See here, comrade Rouge Guarde #236, happens to have a dictionary! Eenie-meenie, minee, moe, pick a new name and don't let go. A ha! here is 'yan' in said dictionary. Henceforth child, thouest shall be known as Yan (the 'stone', 'rock') Song!"
Song: "Oh thank you comrades!" (sobbing).
Later on Dr. Hinton's expose turns to some of the other "excesses" of the Cultural Revolution, and her three years of negotiations with Yan produce this bit of self-absolution:
"I didn't take part in smashing the four-olds or the house searches but rumors wereeverywhere: 'Song Be-Militant, the one who put the Red Guard armband on Mao, who brutally beat people up.' I was very upset because I had been always against violence."
Maybe it's true... As we have said here, we have no EVIDENCE at this point that Song "brutally beat people up." But there is a responsibility, we would submit, that Dr. Hinton has if she is an honest and truth-seeking scholar to tell us what Yan knows about WHO DID DO THE BEATINGS rather than just accept her statements of self-absolution. To do otherwise is to tell the story of the Six Million without telling us about the Nazis.
"Red Guards from other schools would come to check me out. 'You're the one? You're not what we expected.' I didn't fit their idea of a Revolutionary. My name and my image were hijacked. I had lost control of my identity. I was furious but I was also sad that people suffered because of what that name stood for."
It is clear from this that Yan continued to be known as Song Yaowu for some time. She does not say here in Morning Sun that she told these inquiring Red Guards from other schools that it was all untrue, that the press had given her this name against her will.
If her name and image had been "hijacked" why didn't she tell people right then and there that her name was not Song Yaowu and that she had never committed any of the violence attributed to her. Why didn't she tell Carma Hinton this in Morning Sun? Why didn't Dr. Hinton ask?
"When I first joined the Cultural Revolution I thought we were going to repudiate bourgeois policies in education but it turned into something altogether different."
This is absolutely untrue. Temporally, although there had been sporadic violence in the schools that summer it was not clear to what extent Mao sanctioned it. Yan's pinning of Mao represented the official sanctioning of the Red Guard violence.
Second, Yan seems to imply that the Cultural Revolution was initially something like a curriculum or textbook battle and then things somehow went awry. Totally untrue. The Cultural Revolution in the schools was precisely about students taking control of the schools from the teachers, and denouncing and beating them. Bian had been beaten in June, she had been beaten on August 4, she and four other school officials were beaten again on August 5, this time resulting in Bian's murder. Yan was one of the student leaders at the school at that time. She knew that the Cultural Revolution in the schools meant student violence against teachers.
If Yan thought that the movement was about teaching reform then why, after knowing that Bian had been murdered on her watch at her own school, was she still a Red Guard on August 18 when she so giddily pinned the armband onto Mao? And why didn't Dr. Hinton ask her?
The following quote concerns Yan's experience as a volunteer in the countryside:
"Rumors about me reached the village before I arrived. 'Song Be-Militant is coming to settle here, the one who burns, loots and rapes.' The villagers were afraid and they didn't want me there but by working hard with them I was able to gain their acceptance and they came to treat me with great kindness."
RAPES?
This interrogation of Song by Dr. Hinton is accompanied by photographic reinforcements: a photo of Song tossing a bale of hay on a farm, a photograph of Song posing lovingly with a calf, a photo of Song posing lovingly with a sheep. Apparently there was no photograph of Song with a teddy-bear available.
"My father named me Binbin because he wanted a daughter who was gentle and refined and I was indeed like that. If my name hadn't meant gentle Mao wouldn't have said 'better to be militant' and there wouldn't have been all these rumors. The name Song Be-Militant is totally against my beliefs. It's sad how history could have played such a bad joke."
More rumors, all rumors. See it was actually her father NAMING her Binbin that caused her difficulties. And history has just played a "bad joke" on her. Maybe it's true but Yan's denials are so total that they do not sound credible TO ME. One step in finding out however would be if Song agreed to a real interview. Carma Hinton, did not do that.
Morning Sun is not scholarship, it is not documentary, it is not history, it is propaganda.
This is Public Occurrences.
*Dr. Hinton was sent a draft of this post before publication and offered the opportunity to suggest corrections or write a rebuttal. She responded with silence.
**Chang and Halliday, Mao The Unknown Story.
Anyone with information on the identities of those responsible for the torture and murder of Bian Zhongyun please email publocc@gmail.com. Anyone with a photograph of Song Binbin with a teddy-bear please email Carma Hinton at chinton@gmu.edu.