12. “Vigorously establish the absolute authority of the great leader Chairman Mao”（1967-1977）
Lin Biao, Jiang Qing, Kang Sheng et al. respectively actuated by ulterior motives, together pushed Mao’s personality cult to the extreme. Lin Biao and Chen Boda conspired, used the name of Yang Chengwu (general staff of the People's Liberation Army), published the article “Vigorously establish the absolute authority of Chairman Mao, vigorously establish the absolute authority of Mao Zedong Thought” on November 3, 1967, People's Daily. |
On October National Day, 1966, Beijing Tiananmen Square was the sea of Mao’s quotations and Mao’s portraits. Photo by Weng Naiqiang.
Posters, newspapers and books, all the media propagandazed ““Vigorously establish the absolute authority of Chairman Mao, vigorously establish the absolute authority of Mao Zedong Thought””
(1) In the May, 1967, large-scale Mao’s statue was set up in the Tsinghua University Heilongjiang Province
October National Day’s first page of People's Daily in 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971 (Lin Biao event happen) respectively.
October National Day’s first page of People's Daily in 1972、1973、1974、1975、1976、1977, respectively.
13. Violence stuggle between the mass organization’s factionst, the second time national "Red Terror" climax（1967-1968）
Mao and Jiang Qing et al. stired the up rebellers struggle to seizes power and establish Revolutionary Committee, in the process, the rebellers different clique and faction’s benefit assignment was uneven, caused to resort to violence, this was the second time “red terror” high tide. This time no longer is hitting the class enemy such as “reactionary gang”, “capitalist-roaders”, “five black kinds elements”, but is a great massacre of the “revolutionary rebellers” mutually. On December 30, 1966, Wang Hongwen and so on led more than ten ten thousand people to besiege |
(1) From clique argues and debate to national large-scale armed conflict
(1,2,3) At first the clique struggles was only mutually abuse with posters, slogans, cartoons, attacked opposite faction to be guarantees of some capitalist-roader, “conservative”. (4）“Smash the public security, procuratorate, and court”, Special issue ,1968.
(1) In 1967, Shenyang Liaoning Shenyang City ’s Government Plaza
(1) Shanghai Shanghai and Qingdao
(1) Fujian Xiamen different rebellers organizes gathered at the square, shouting “defend Chairman Mao” “defend the Central Party Committee”, and then was a resort to violence. The cameramen had to leave, could not photo the fight scene. (2) One rebeller organization took their armed demonstration before violent fight. (3) In Suzhou
(1) “Congress Special Issue”, September 3, 1967. It recorded on August 23, 1967, Shanghai one faction rebellers held the congress, criticized the capitalist-roaders from the local to central supporting their opposite faction, they determined that lifted up high Mao’s Red Flag, to bloody battle with the capitalist-roaders and their opposite faction. (2) Two factions of Red Guards were carrying on their intense debate “attack with reasoning”, later they would violent fight. (3) Rebellers transformed vehicle like a tank used in violent fight, the vehicle upper had several tubas, could threaten their opposite faction with the sound.
（1）1967年7月27日 西安交通大学和同济大学“革命委员会”合办的报纸，刊登“江青同志7月22日“文攻武卫”的重要讲话”。
（2）歌曲“檫干身上的血迹继续战斗”。成都电讯工程学院东方红兵团宣传队创作。（3）某地造反派组织开车去武斗。（4）1967年6月25 日贵州省榕江县大规模血案。
(1) “Comrade Jiang Qing’s important speech on July 22 about ‘attack with reasoning and defend with force’”. Xi'an Jiaotong University Revolutionary Committee and Tongji University Revolutionary Committee joint Newspaper, July 27, 1967. (2) Song “Clean body's bloodstain to continue fight”. Created by Chengdu Telecommunications Engineering College East Is Red Army Corps propaganda Team. (3) Some rebellers drived to resort to violence. (4) On June 25, 1967, there was a large-scale murder case in RongJiang County , Guizhou
(1) Private houses were burned in the resort to violences. (2) The armored vehicles were used in Rebellers’ faction war in Harbin and Wuhan
The self-made cutting tool, gun, bomb, cannon, machine gun, tank, all were used in Rebellers’ faction war.
(1) Scene of Shanghai Hunan Tsinghua University ’s Science Building
In Shenyang
(1) Captives in factional battles, Shanghai. (2) The dead and wounded in a factional battle. (2) “Cut Li Ling’s head to offer sacrifice to our heroic martyrs”, “Vigorous protest Li Ling and so on ......” It means that the “capitalist-roader” Li supported A faction, A faction rebellers killed some members of B faction, B faction must revenge. (3) One faction rebellers were attacking other faction rebellers’ foothold.
（1）The dead and wounded in a factional battle. （2）The dead in a factional battle. On the wall wrote “Martyrs are immortal”, “Demand blood for blood” and so on slogans. (3) Shanghai
(1,2,3,4) Mr.Tian Shen Sheng personal experienced the scene of the rebellers’ factional battle in Jiangxi Nanchang. (5) The Injured in a rebellers’ factional battle in Baisha People's Commune, Dujiangyan city, Sichuan
(1,2) Rebellers’ factional battle: “Kunming Electrical Machinery Plant ‘Sept.7’ counter-revolutionary massacre memoir”. (3) Poster , Revenge for factional rebellers died in battle .
(1) A factional rebellers prepared to attack another factional rebellers. (2) A scene of a Heilongjiang Harbin rebellers violent fight ended. (3) A factional rebellers was transporting their dead friends’ photograph to parade, “Demand blood for blood”.
(1) “Xuzhou Revolution Rebellers were in blood, most dangerous time!" June 12, 1967. (2) “Liaoning Province Revolution Rebellers Great Joint Committee” hundreds of thousands of rebellers mourned the victims in the violent fight. (3) On July 12, 1967, Changchun
(1) Changchun Motion Picture Studio, A factional rebellers held a funeral ceremony for dying in battle. (2) A factional rebellers held a funeral ceremony for dying in battle. (3) Brief introduction of Henan Luoyang ciy “Jume 19” massacre. 1967.
(1) Students stood before the “Changchun Commune Martyr Tombstone” in memory of their friends died in factional war. This tombstone was pulled down on September 29, 1969. (2) Poster about Xuzhou
(2) Guangzhou
Guangzhou “August 20 massacre: on August 20, 1967, Guangzhou “Red Flag faction” 526 rebellers separately boarded more than 20 automobiles, to go to rob weapon in a navy warehouse, encountered ambush by the “East Wind faction”, many were killed, at least 8 remains were found, innumerable were injured. The partial guns was burnt down.
Guangzhou "Sept. 12 massacre": on September 12, 1967, before dawn, “East Wind faction” attacked “Red Flag faction” with machine guns, cannons, armored vehicles, the “Workers Union” building was bombard badly, a middle-school student, Xu Jianchang was killd, many were wounded. The rebellers brave words “The building is destroyed, the soldier is killed and injured, but the revolutionary truth cannot be overthrown. Guard Mao’s revolutionary route’s ‘Worker Union’ flag is forever fluttering”
(3) Guangxi resorting to violence Events
Guangxi rebellers splitted into two factions: the “union” faction (support Guangxi CCP committee Secretary Wei Guoqing) and “ |
(1) On August 8, 1967, Guangxi rebellers plundered weapons from the military cargo special train, used in factional warfare. (2) on May 30, 1968, rebellers of “4.22” attacked the Guangxi Provincial Forestry Department. (3) House was destroyed in warfare, Guangxi.
(1) Guangxi Nanning merchandise building was burnt down in the factonal warfare. (2) Nanning 4.22” and “Union” factions, 26 were killd and the injured were the captives. (3) In 1967, Nanning
(1,2) Guangxi Nanning, one faction’s rebellers were the captives of another faction in factonal war. (3) Mao written the comment, CCP Central Committee, State Council, Central Military Committee, Central Cultural Revolution Group on July 24, 1968, issued the notice. about stopping resort to violence in Guangxi.
(4) Wuhan
Wuhan’s rebellers splitted into two factions: “Workers General” fought against Wuhan Military Region (Chen Zaidao was commander of Wuhan Military Region, Chen did not like to overthrow the most CCP military officials, the Central Cultural Revolution Group hated him), “Million Lions” supported the Wuhan Military Region. On June 17, 1967, two factions resorted to violence near Hankou’s Sun Yat-Sen bronze statue, 17 rebellers of “Workers General” died, 2 of “Million Lions” died. On June 24, 1967, the two factions violent fought again, 28 died on the scene, some died in hospital, the casualties had not counted. On July 15, 1967 murder case occurred again, both the two factions commemorated “first anniversary of Mao on July 16 he swam in “7.20 events”: In February, 1967, “Workers General” and so on seized power of the “Yangtze River Daily”. On March 21, Wuhan Military Region announced the “Workers General” was a reactionary organization, and arrested the chieftains of the “Workers General”. Mao and Jiang Qing and so on published the editorial “Correct Treat Revolution Young fellow” on April 2 People's Daily, warned the Wuhan Military Region. Wuhan Military Region was compelled to release the “Workers General” chieftains, but did not rehabilitate. Mao decided to come to |
(1) The newspaper recorded Wuhan Wuhan Wuhan Central China Industry College
(1) In “7.20 event”, Wuhan Wuhan street Wuhan
(1) On July 22, Zhou Enlai, Lin Biao, Jiang Qing, Kang Sheng organized ten thousand people in Beijing Western Suburbs Airport to greet “the central representative Xie Fuzhi and Wang Li Who deal with the Wuhan local problems return to Beijing victory”. On 25th assembled the celebration and grand populace parade in the Tiananmen Square to greet Xie Fuzhi and Wang Li. Then national various provinces and cities held the celebration meetings. (But several months later, Mao reversed his attitude, no longer used this Cultural Revolution hero, and mentioned his name and overthrew s him). (2) Wuhan Beijing , Beijing University and Tsinghua University Wuhan rebelled central committee, now you start the counter-revolutionary rebellion in Wuhan
(1) After “7.20 event”, Wuhan
On July 27, 1967, Inner Mongolia held the grand assembly to parade to celebrate “central representative Xie Fuzhi and Wang Li return to Beijing
(1,2,3) several rebels organizations compiled the book: "Hundred Hero Mansion
(5) Jiangxi Ganzhou resorting to violence
On February 4, 1967 evening, Shu Beidou and so on 14 Ganzhou No. 1 Middle-school students interrogated their teachers, 3 teachers were seriously injured then were delivered to the municipal public security bureau to process, Zeng Guangyuan a teacher, died in the police station entrance. On March 14, the municipal public security bureau detained Shu Beidou. On April 16, several thousand Red Guards of Jiangxi Metallurgy College and the No. 1 Middle-school attacked the municipal public security bureau, wanted to release Shu Beidou. On April 22, several thousand Red Guards sit in and fast in the municipal public security bureau, and many times attacked the Ganzhou Military Sub-Region. On April 27, Zhou Enlai’s liaison officer telephoned to the leader of fasting Red Guards, it got subside slightly. On May 28, Gannan Paper Mill’s worker rebellers conflicted with the Red Guards, a Red Guard was killed on the scene, more than 100 injured. The Red Guards lift the corpse did a large-scale parade. The worker rebellers also paraded and demonstrated in streets, both sides disputed. In June, Red Guards of three universities and nine middle schools occupied the inner city of Ganzhou, but ouoside was sieged by the army servicemen and the worker militiamen. At the end of June in the city live was difficulty, and cut off the water supply. In the city the Red Guards and the rebeller populace constructed the fortification. On June 29, 1967 night, large-scale violent war started. On 30th before dawn, the geological bureau building exploded to collapse. Workers and peasants from outside entered in the city, the sound of gunfire continued to July 4. The victims number was not clear, it eatimated from 173 to 361, the wounded was innumerable. Jiangxi Provincial Military Region sent out “Order to stop Ganzhou violent fighting”. On July 6, Mao instruction: “Comrade Lin Biao and Zhou Enlai: The Ganzhou question is serious, involves more than ten counties, send a division army to go, only can manage Nanchang, Ji'an, Ichun, Fuzhou and so on place, is beyond control to south of Jiangxi. Should send a division from Guangzhou Military Region, at least a group enter and is station in Ganzhou, after done the matter, still return to |
(1-4) “Blood shed in Ganzhou City Jiangxi Metallurgy College
(6) Chongqing
Nearby in Chongqing Geleshan martyrs' cemetery park, there is a Cultural Revolution tomb group which has 113 graves buried 400 victims of that year’s rebeller factional war and is the only one saved of all country. Zhou Jinsong, born in 1945, original student of Chongqing University, once was Chongqing Revolutionary Committee leader, representative of the fourth National People's Congress, in 1976 was put in prison, in 1991 released, presently jobless. On August15, 1966, |
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Horizontal plan of Chongqing Red Guards Tomb Group Park
Chongqing’s Cultural Revolution memorial park and the Red Guards Tomb Group now are vanishing gradually,, occasionally have their relatives came to sweep the graves.
(1) On the park fence wall were written red Chinese characters the “Cultural Revolution tomb group”. (2) Many broken stele. (3) A collective tomb pit, did not know in it buried how many victims, the inscribed texts already were broken.
“Red Guard Revolutionary Martyr” and the “Revolutionary Rebellar Martyr” and so on inscribed text, the government did not acknowledge.
(1) The inscribed text was repainted, some people are in keep thinking about them (2) The tombstone was inscribed “Comrade Jiang Peijia’s resume”, it wrote: “In order to strive for Great Cultural Revolution's thorough victory, the son make oath to sacrifice for it!” (3) In July 3 and 24, 1967, the CCP Central Committee sent out “7.3” and“7.24” notice about stop rebeller’s violent fighting, after very long time, then the national large-scale resort to violence event reduced gradually.
(7) incidents of mass resorting to violence in other places
According the statistics from June 1978 to August 1979 by the “CCP Cetral Cultural Revolution Resort to Violence Event Survey Team”: From from 1966 to 1975, by the record of the local Revolutionary Committees, 57227 cases of resort to violence event which had at least 10 persons casualties, 9790 cases of resort to violence event which had at least casualties 100 persons, 2355 cases of the local place garrison army followed orders to involve in the event. The family relatives declarated missing people has more than 227300. 1. 清华大学校园内“百日大武斗” 曾经共同斗刘少奇王光美的学生造反派组织 “井冈山兵团” 分裂为“井冈山”团派和“ 2. 青海西宁“二二六”事件 Qinghai Xining resort to violence and “Feb 青海省两派, 一派（如八·一八革命造反总司令部）接受毛最新指示快，另一派（“红卫兵总部”、“贫下中农红卫军”和“捍卫毛泽东思想战斗队“）执行毛的老指示“这次运动的重点是要抓30万～40万右派”（据王任重笔记）。1966年8月底因为串联到青海北京红卫兵带来了新消息，八·一八派冲击省委、占领报社，在青海成为优势。但是另一派多数是党团骨干，历次运动他们都是革别人命的，认为八·一八派是反党右派，他们要“保卫毛、保卫党”，“只许左派造反，不许右派翻天”。 青海省委、省军区的主要负责人其实与群众一样，理解毛最新意图的（如省军区司令员刘贤权）支持八·一八派，而忠实执行“保卫毛、保卫党”“坚决反右”的（如省长王昭、省军区副司令员赵永夫）反对八·一八派，结果这些官员的命运随自己支持、反对的派别而沉浮。两派发生激烈冲突。从10月份开始，爆发了一连串省军区军部队参与的大规模武斗，所以八·一八派伤亡惨重，不完全统计，仅 3. 黑龙江伊春武斗事件 Heilongjiang Yichun resort to violence event 1967年7-8月，黑龙江省伊春市林业局筹备革命委员会，对立的两大派经过15天协商，互不妥协，争夺财权，发展到抢掠市财政、银行。地方驻军参与支左，导致武装对峙。 4. 湖南怀化武斗事件 Hunan Huaihua resort to violence event 1967年8月－11月，湖南省怀化市职工红卫兵造反派占领、接管了怀化劳改农场、劳改工厂。军队奉命进驻，遭到武力阻止。劳改农场、劳改工厂的囚犯们被武装起来编成敢死队，向军队发动进攻。军队奉命镇压反革命武装叛乱，造成37700多人伤亡，其中死亡13300多人，军队伤亡430人。 5. 四川宜宾大武斗 Sichuan Ipin big resort to violence 1967年6月～68年3月，四川宜宾地区两派群众组织，就“刘结挺、张西廷，是毛司令部战士还是刘邓司令部黑干将”发生激烈斗争。中央文革1968年1月表态：刘、张属于毛司令部，长期受到刘邓在四川的代理人李井泉、廖志高之流的迫害。当地驻军随即跟着表态，对另一派群众组织实施无产阶级专政，展开了激烈的武斗。参与动用武器武斗的有17万多人，有两个团兵力介入，造成43800多人伤亡，死亡21100多人。军队在宜宾地区实施戒严长达15个月。 6. 内蒙古“内人党”事件 Inner Mongolia “ 7. 安徽蚌埠、淮南武斗 Anhui Bengbu and Huai Nan resort to violence 1968年5月～9月，安徽蚌埠、淮南，85间企业单位的职工夺权与反夺权，要揪“李葆华在安徽的代理人”，包围了两地的革命委员会，占据了铁路、公路交通长达12天。中央文革派调查组，毛派汪东兴带队下去了解情况。中央文革把事件定性为反革命性质，说“搞反攻倒算要追查黑后台”，从合肥等地调动5万武装民兵，配合驻军限时缴械自首。期限到后，展开进攻和逮捕。在长达35天围剿、追捕中，有7300多人伤亡，其中死亡3433人，军队、民兵伤亡525人，827间建筑被损毁。 8. 陕西省武斗 1967年9月，西安“工联”和“工总司”两派大规模武斗，双方都有军工厂参加，动用了坦克、机枪、消防车，大打出手。几天下来，死亡110多人，伤290多人。 1968年12月～69年2月，陕西省宝鸡地区八间兵工厂展开“清理阶级队伍”政治运动，7万名职工有45400多人（一多半）被列为阶级异己分子，其中有297人被当地军管会宣判死刑立即执行。第二天，发生大动乱，驻军报称发生反革命暴乱，展开追击和反追击战斗，坦克、装甲车、四筒平射炮、喷火器等投入了战斗，死伤48300多人，其中死亡13300多人，死者中包括军管组组长、政委、宝鸡市革命委员会军代表。宝鸡驻军营房两栋被炮火击毁。陕西省边远小县也有武斗。勉县武斗死亡85人，其中打死47人，武器走火死亡12人，武斗汽车肇事死亡13人，武斗中触电死亡一人，打死无辜群众三人。蒲城县武斗双方及无辜平民死34人，城区十余条街道的两万多所民房被烧。安康县武斗历时一年，毁房屋3300余间，死亡784人。 9. 河南省武斗和洛阳“六.一九”大屠杀 “中央首长关于河南问题的指示及赴京汇报纪要汇编”（ 10. 北京市郊南苑大武斗 1968年6月，担负著国防科研、生产重要任务的第七机械工业部两大派"九一五"和"九一六"在北京市郊爆发"南苑大武斗"。事后，周恩来把七机部造反派"九一六"头头叶正光（抗日战争中著名的新四军军长叶挺将军之子）找去进行严厉批评时，就以重庆为例反讽的说："你们打得还不够格，你们向重庆学习嘛，也去烧房子，也去开坦克。" 11．广东肇庆枪战武斗 Guangdong Zhaoqing gun battle resort to violence 1967年6月8日，广东肇庆市两派在市搬运公司首次发生冲突。随后，13日、25日、7月26日，数次发生大规模冲突。 12. 广东澄海县武斗 《澄海县志》记载： 13. 山西省武斗 太原发生剧烈武斗。长治地区武斗十分严重：长治军分区和当地空军驻军分别支持两派；武斗发展到交通全部断绝，空军提供“空中走廊”支持一派守城。军分区集中各县民兵组成“剿匪兵团”，打开军火库武装数万民兵，由军分区长官指挥攻城战。在攻克一座煤矿的激战中，仅守方即战死二百多人，数百人负伤。而守方曾在一次交战中将参战的现役官兵十二个整连外带四个班全部缴械、俘虏。双方打死打伤参战人员不计其数。 14．四川省武斗 四川省革委会副主任刘结挺等直接指挥武斗，各地两派大打出手，仅1968年5月6日泸州的武斗，打死274人。 15. 辽宁省武斗 辽宁省各地武斗，仅锦州一地，造反组织数千人在1967年8月18日，枪了三千支枪进行武斗，死亡21人，伤76人。 其他武斗不十分严重的地方，也存在严重的“红色恐怖”。例如天津，也有过火烧“政师”和攻打609厂武斗的场面，有偷袭捉来对立面的头头，来暴打、审讯等。武斗期间，高音喇叭里唱着“抬头望见北斗星，心中想念毛泽东”等流行歌曲。 以下两大武斗事件不在全国第二次“红色恐怖”时期，但是也在文化大革命时期； 1975年云南镇压回民事件 1975年4月，云南省施甸“伊斯兰共和国”事件，造成3700多人伤亡，其中回族村民有1220人死亡。施甸地区政府建筑物被炸毁。这是一宗人为造成的政治性冤案，当年中央拨下2000多万抚恤金才平息了这个事件。 1975年5月新疆生产兵团“兵变”大镇压 Xnjiang production army corps “mutiny” big suppression in May, 1975 1975年5月，新疆生产兵团石河子、奎屯梁地区的生产建设兵团发生所谓“集体兵变”、造反，投向苏修社会帝国主义事件，于是出动军队、建设兵团进行整顿、整肃，引发武装对抗，展开激战，石河子地区有7330多人伤亡，其中2170人死亡。两地报失踪8137人。武装镇压中，出动了武装直升飞机。 |
14．Mao sent out army to "support the left", the "military propaganda team" or "workers propaganda team" entered the school, the Red Guards disappeared（1967-1970）
All the country falls into between the rebeller factional resort to violence, the casualties were innumerable. In June, 1967, Mao sent “the People's Liberation Army Mao Zedong Thought Propaganda Team” (i.e. PLA propaganda team) to schools and so on units to stabilize situation. Before this time, everywhere in the country “Mao Zedong Thought Propaganda Team” were only to do the literary propaganda, but this time PLA Mao Zedong Thought Propaganda Teams were to manage the people, in fact were the “work teams” (Liu and Deng two years ago sent work team under Mao’s premise to enter and station in schools, later Mao said that was to suppress students), this work Mao called “the three supports and two militarys” (support left wing, support industry, support agriculture; military control, military training).Because the nation was too chaotic, the army was insufficient, in 1968, it reassigned the workers to compose the “Worker Mao Zedong Thought Propaganda Team” (workers propaganda team), in countryside the “Poor Peasant Mao Zedong Thought Propaganda Team” (poor propaganda team), entered and stationed in schools and so on units. Some members of “PLA propaganda team” “workers propaganda team” were killed in suppressing the rebellers factional war (such as in “PLA propaganda team” and “workers propaganda team” entered and stationed in schools, symbolized that Mao did not use the Red Guards any more, depended upon the People's Liberation Army, the working class to maintain the political power. The “Red Guards” organizationd disintegrated comprehensively. |
(1) The PLA Guangzhou Minitary Region convened a “supporting left wing pledge assembly”. According to Mao’s instruction, on January 23, 1967, CCP central committee, State Council, Central Military Committee, Central Cultural Revolution Group issued “Decision about People's Liberation Army Firmly Support Revolution left wing populace”. On August 19, the Central Military Committee issued “Decision about Concentrate efforts to support Left, support agriculture, support industry, military control and military training”. (2) On February 19, 1968, Mao and his close comrade Lin Jizhou, Zhou, Jiang Qing and so on received 8341 army group. (3) PLA 8341 army held a meeting to summarize their experience of “Supporting Left wing”. The 8341 army (in fact it was Mao’s security guard armed forces - Zhongnanhai central guard regiment) was a “Supporting Left Red Flag”, it “military control” Tsinghua University , Beijing University
(1) PLA propaganda team entered and stationed in Beijing Aeronautical College Beijing Agricultural University
(1) In order to stop violence, Guangdong Gaozhou County Xi'an design institute, the designers and the PLA propaganda team represents takes a group photo before Mao’s statuse of Xi'an Jiangsu Danyang Middle school
(1) Workers propaganda team members, PLA propaganda team members, teachers and the graduating class students of a junior middle school. March, 1968. (2) Yunnan Dehong county, No.7600 Army “three supports and two militarys” personnels took a memento. January 23, 1969. (3) PLA propaganda team stationed in Guangdong Shaoguan second middle school.
(1) Poster: Guard “Red Ten Items” namely to guard Chairman Mao’s revolution line! Sichuan Sichuan Wuhan University Tsinghua University Beijing
(1) Liaoning Shenyang's workers propaganda team and the PLA propaganda team representatives grandly greeted the wax mango, treated as the halidom to consecrate; 1968. Photo by Jiang Shaowu. (2) Sichuan
(1,2) Each region had manufactured all kinds of wax mango. treated as the halidom to consecrate. (3,4) Mao no longer needed “Red Guards”, sent out his highest instruction “the working class must lead all”.
All revolutionary committees manufactured various commemorative badges about Mao sending mango to workers propaganda team.
There were no PLA propaganda team and workers propaganda team in countryside, so the “poor peasant Mao Zedong Thought propaganda teams” entered in the schools. The countryside cannot obtain wax mango, only the mango's picture posters.
15. Liu Shaoqi was expelled from the CCP forever（1968.10）
On December 31, 1966, Jiang Qing called for and instigated Liu Shaoqi’s daughter to rebel her father. On January 6, 1967, Jiang Qing planned the |
(1) In October 1968, Mao and his close comrade and successor Lin Biao held the 12th Plenary Session of 8th CCP Committee, passed “Investigation report of the crimes of the traitor, collaborator, scab Liu Shaoqi”, forever dismissed Liu Shaoqi from CCP, abolished all Liu’s duties. (2) The CCP central document “Investigation report of the crimes of the traitor, collaborator, scab Liu Shaoqi”: “In the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution movement, passed through the revolutionary populace and the Red Guards widespread exposure and the Special Case Team's thorough investigation, the massive matter witness, personal testimony and collateral evidence, fully confirmed the number one in party’s capitalist roader Liu Shaoqi, is a party's r traitor, collaborator and scab, is a crime-ridden running dog of the imperialism, modern revisionism and Kuomintang reactionaries”. (3,4) “Evidences of the crimes of the traitor, collaborator, scab Liu Shaoqi (in 1925, 1927, 1929 betrayed activity main evidences)”. The central special case review panel, October 18, 1968.
(1,2) Kang Sheng, Vice-chairman of the CCP, wrote a “top-secret letter” to Jiang Qing, he had a close relation with Jiang Qing, played important role in the struggle with Liu and so on. (4) Throughout the land the people held Mao’s little red books, “firmly overthrow traitor, collaborator, scab Liu Shaoqi”. (3) Poster “700,000,000 People overthrow traitor, collaborator, scab Liu”.
(1) Chen Shaomin (1902-1977), vice-president of National Trade Unions, member of the CCP Central Committee. In the the 12th Plenary Session of 8th CCP Committee, all the members of the CCP Central Committee raised hands to agree to dismiss Liu from CCP, only Chen did not raise hand. Afterward, Kang Sheng found Chen saying:“why don't you raise hand?” Chen said: “this is my right”. She therefore suffers the brutal persecution. Afterward Hu Yaobang once many times said: In this (Liu Shaoqi’s case) question, we all have made mistake, raised hand. Sister Chen has not raised hand, has not made mistake. (2) “Great leader Chairman Mao and his close comrade Vice-President Lin Biao and Comrade Zhou Enlai”. (3,4,5) All nation printed massively posters and books “overthrow traitor, collaborator, scab Liu Shaoqi”.
(1) Book “Charman Mao and his close comrade Comrade Lin Biao's revolutionary practice". (2) “Hubei Daily” and “Yangtze River Daily” jointly printed “The Great Good News” : the 12th Plenary Session of 8th CCP Committee forever dismissed Liu Shaoqi from the CCP. (3) "Zhenjiang Worker Newspaper" “great good news”: the 12th Plenary Session of 8th CCP Committee forever dismissed Liu Shaoqi from the CCP. (3,4) Every Revolutionary committees made various kind of Mao’s badges to celebrate the good news of the 12th Plenary Session of 8th CCP Committee forever dismissed Liu Shaoqi from the CCP.
16. “Clutch the capitalist-roader in PLA” run too far shaked military morale, Mao changed strategy to hit “scapegoat”（1967-1968）
（1）Case of “Wang Li, Guan Feng, Qi Benyu”
Mao and the Central Cultural Revolution Group originally had stirred up clutch “inner-party and in army’s capitalist-roaders”. At the beginning of 1967, under Kang Sheng’s advocating the Central Cultural Revolution Group wrote report about “clutches a handful capitalist-roaders in army” to Lin Biao, Lin Biao had his own plan, wrote the comment “agree completely”, he borrowed the Central Cultural Revolution Group’s name to get rid of his dissidents in army. After Wuhan "7.20 Incident" which created army chaotic, Lin Biao’s son Lin Liguo used a pen name “Red vanguard” to publish articles in Liberation Army Daily (July 22, 1967) and “Red Flag” magazine to promote to clutch “capitalist-roader in army”. In PLA, the Navy 5 generals were tormented to death, the General Logistics Department did 133 injustice cases, more than 1700 people were isolated and interrogated, 3 generals and more than 140 cadres were tormented to death. Among the 11 members of Central Military Committee 6 had to be examined. Among the 175 army senior officers 106 were repelled. The Great Cultural Revolution had caused the popular indignation, the army turmoil was already beyond redemption; Mao adjusted his strategy immediately. In mid-August Mao said: Chen Boda, Wang Li and Guan Feng collaborated to publish the articles to instigate “clutch capitalist-roader in army” which was big poisonous weeds. Lin Biao ssaw that the situation was unfavorable, Ye Qun told Lin Liguo to write a letter to Jiang Qing, explained that in the articles of “Red vanguard” some sentences were added by the editorial department. Kang Sheng and Jiang Qing push the responsibility to Chen Boda. But Mao that time inconvenienced to move Chen Boda, so he took central several “scholar”, Gentral Cultural Revolution Group’s Wang Li (central international liaison department vice-minister), Guan Feng (Red Flag magazine editor, central politics research director, CCP May 16 Notice’s manuscripter), Qi Benyu (central office of inquiry branch section chief, Red Flag magazine editor group leader) to overthrow as the scapegoats . Actually “Wang Li, Guan Feng and Qi Benyu” went all out for Mao to agitate the rebels to hit “capitalist-roaders” to launch the Cultural Revolution movement. In addition, Mao and Jiang Qing “check ‘May |
(1) From left up: Zhang Chunqiao, Jiang Qing, Zhou Enlai, Yao Wenyuan, Mao, Qi Benyu, Wang Li, Guan Feng, Mu Xin. (2) Mao and Wang Li on Tiananmen, 1966. (3). Front row, from left: Xie Fuzhi, Qi Benyu, Guan Feng, Yang Chengwu, Ye Qun; Nie Yuanxin was in the second right of the second row, 1967 May Day.
(1) Zhou Enlai, Jiang Qing, Zhang Chunqiao, Kang Sheng, Ye Qun, Wang Li and so on members of Central Cultural Revolution Group. 1968. (2) Left up: Guan Feng, Yao Wenyuan, Qi Benyu. members of the Central Cultural Revolution Group. (3) Qi Benyu.
(1) “Holding tears in eyes to greet the dearest persons -- Comrade Xie Fuzhi and Wang Li whom the Chairman Mao send to us”, Hubei Daily, August 10, 1967. (2) “Cheer Comrade Xie Fuzhi and Wang Li to return the side of Chairman Mao”. New Guizhou
(1) “Comrade Wang Li and Guan Feng’s speech”. Qingdao Kunming 8.7” . on August 26, 1967 Mao said to Yang Cheng (PLA chief of the general staff): “Wang Li, Guan Feng and Qi Benyu destroy the Great Cultural Revolution, catch them, the premier treat them.” (3) “414 Combat Reports -Clutch Qi Benyu Special Issue”. Tsinghua University Jinggang Mountain Army Corps united headquarters. February, 1968. (4) “Qi Benyu, Wang Li and Guan Feng’s evil hands in Guangxi”. Guangxi Union Red Guards 37 headquarters, March, 1968.
（2）“Accusing Xie Fuzhi event”
Wang Li, Guan Feng and Qi Benyu were the sacrificial victim scapegoats, the three’s motion was closely related with Xie Fuzhi who was originally the protagonist of the “7.20 event” and “disturb army”, but Mao needed him and he transfered quickly, turned to fight his once friend Wang Li. In 1968 mid-March, |
(1) Xie Fuzhi and Wang Li on Tian An Men, 1966. Lin Biao once praised Xie Fuzhi to Red Guards: “Xie Fuzhi first oroposed to smash the judicial and public security system. Beijing Security Bureau had 30,000 persons, only labelled several hundred, landlords, rich peasants, counter-revolutionaries, bad elements and rightists”. (2) Xie Fuzhi on July 19, 1967 agitated the Red Guards in the Wuhan Water and Electrical College , “overthrow Chen Zaidao (Wuhan Wuhan distressedly to Beijing , but Lin Biao and Jiang Qing flattered them the “Great Cultural Revolution hero”, all country “warmly cheer Xie Fuzhi and Wang Li honorably return to Beijing
（3）“Event of Yang Chengwu, Yu Li Jin and Fu Chongbi”
Wang Li, Guan Feng and Qi Benyu were overthrown for stable army morale. “Accusing Xie Fuzhi event” was subsided temporarily, but Jiang Qing. Lin Biao, Chen Boda, Kang Sheng worried, also had the possibility later to investigate themselves, so they had to create the disturbances to divert people’s attention. Lin Biao and Jiang Qing once ordered Fu Chongbi ( |
(1) In 1965, Mao, Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi and Yang Chengwu in Beijing
17. CCP 9th Congress, the party constitution stipulated Lin Biao as Mao’s successor, Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin took the important post（1969）
The CCP’s constitution was a child's play. The CCP constitution stipulated that every five years to hold a party's national congress, but the eighth CCP national congress had past 13 years, in April, 1969, the ninth CCP national congress held in |
(1) CCP 9th Congress, the party constitution stipulated Lin Biao as Mao’s successor
(1) The CCP ninth National Congress. (2) Mao and his “close comrade and successor” Lin Biao in the CCP ninth National Congress. (3) “Lin Biao is Mao’s successor” was written in the ninth CCP constitution. (4) Beijing
(1) Tianjin
In April, 1969, Anhui Anking city cheered the CCP ninth National Congress, paraded in spite of the rain, until late night.
(1) PLA Beijing garrison command’s oath: give loyalty to to Lin Biao. (2,3) Massively published various books and posters about joyfully celebrate and support the CCP ninth National Congress.
(1,2) Every revolutionary committees massively manufactured each kind of Mao’s badges to celebrate the CCP ninth National Congress. (3) PLA No.6297 army manufactured Mao and Lin Biao's silver nature badges. (4) Phonograph records, songs of warmly celebrate the CCP ninth National Congress.
(2) Resumes of some the represents of CCP 9th Congress and the Central Committee members
The representatives of the the CCP ninth National Congress, and the “elected” members and alternate members of the ninth session of of the CCP Central Committee, most also were the tenth session members of the CCP Central Committee, many were the rebels, “hooligans of beating, smashing, looting and violence”, illiterate persons, generally after Mao’s death were removes from office, dismissed , even were sentenced. 九大代表和“选”出的中共九届中央委员和候补委员，多数还任十届中央委员和候补委员，很多是造反派、打砸抢分子，文盲，一般在毛死后被撤职、开除、甚至被判刑。 陈阿大（中共九大、十大代表，著名造反派，1942年生。从小随父来上海打零工，19岁参军。1965年在上海良工阀门厂当工人。1966年“文革”，他任厂革命造反兵团 “司令”，是王洪文组织的“工总司”的常委。他积极参与王洪文制造的夺权、武斗，当上海市革命委员会常委，分管工业交通。陈阿大文化低，经常出笑话。九大召开前，陈阿大不是党员时，张春桥把他“内定”为九大代表；1976年10月 “四人帮”被抓，陈阿大在上海策划武装叛乱，后被判有期徒刑16年）。刘学保（中共九大代表，故意将所谓阶级敌人杀死，伪造保卫桥梁的英雄事迹，后被判无期徒刑，见文第六章六之6）。王秀珍（上海国棉31厂女技术员，市革委副主任、上海市委书记；四届全国人大常委；九、十届中央委员；1982年被判刑17年）。马福全（河北石家庄3302厂工人，厂革委会副主任，党委副书记，省委委员，省总工会副主任，石家庄市委常委，市总工会副主任。1983年12月开除党籍、公职）。申茂功（河南郑州国棉六厂造反派，厂革委主任；省委常委，省总工会主任，中共第九届中央委员，第十届、十一届中央候补委员。后被开除党籍、判刑）。刘均益（广州钢材轧延厂造反派，广东革委会常委，共青团广州市委书记；九、十届中央委员；1982年被开除党籍，撤职）。刘结挺（1965年被开除党籍。1966年王力致信江青，提出为刘结挺、张西挺夫妇平反，刘任四川省革委会副主任、成都军区副政委；1982年3月被判刑20年）。年继荣（甘肃礼县造反派，省革委会副主任、省委书记。九大、十大中央委员；1978年开除党籍、撤职）。李震（军队造反派，从沈阳军区副政委调到公安部任副部长，搞刑讯逼供，编造的离奇的“中国马列共产党”大案，审查在位的政治局和中央委员。1973年中共宣布他自杀，但人们怀疑是被他迫害的人仇杀）。张恒云（兰州铁路分局造反派，甘肃省委常委、省总工会副主任；中共九、十届中央委员；1975年被撤职，开除党籍）。唐忠富（湖南长沙曙光电子管厂党委副书记、省革委会副主任，省总工会主席。九、十届中央委员。1982年被判刑10年）。夏邦银（湖北汉阳轧钢厂工人，学“毛著”积极分子，省革委常委；九、十届中央委员；1976年被判刑13年）。董明会（武汉钢铁公司造反派、市委书记、省总工会副主任；九、十大中央委员；1977年被开除党籍、免职）。王光临（包头钢铁公司革委副主任，公司党委副书记，九届、十届中央候补委员；1983年3月被开除党籍，撤职）。华林森（苏州造反派，市革委会主任、江苏省委委员、市委副书记、省总工会主任。九届中央候补委员，十届中央委员；1980年被判刑18年）。达洛（青海省畜牧兽医学院副院长，省革委副主任、省委副书记；九大、十大中央候补委员；1983年被撤职）。陈敢峰（上海同济大学红卫兵负责人，同济大学革委会主任、上海市革委会副主任、中央候补委员，1978年被判刑）。李定山（安徽省合肥钢铁公司造反派，省委常委兼省计委副主任、马鞍山钢铁厂党委书记。九、十届中央候补委员；1983年撤职，开除党籍）。张世忠（北京新华印刷厂工人。国务院知青办负责人，九、十届中央候补委员，后开除党籍）。张西挺（刘结挺之妻，四川省革委会副主任、九届中央候补委员，1982年被刑17年）。岑国荣（柳州钢铁厂革委副主任，广西区委常委、区总工会主任；九、十、十一届中央委员。1985年被开除党籍）。罗锡康（贵州发电厂造反派、半文盲，省革委会副主任、省总工会主任。九届中央候补委员、十届中央委员，1982年被开除党籍）。金祖敏（上海上海电机厂造反派，上海市委常委、市革委副主任、市总工会副主任，四届全国人大常委、九届中央候补委员，十届中央委员；1976年10在北京监狱接受审查、开除）。姚连蔚（西安军工厂造反派，陕西省总工会主任、九、十届中央候补委员；全国人大常委会副委员长，1981年被关押教育，1984年，开除党籍、撤职）。魏秉奎（辽宁鞍山钢铁厂工人，鞍山市革委副主任、市委副书记，省革委副主任， 四届全国人大常委、省委书记；1978年11月被撤职）。耿起昌（造反派，河南新乡地委书记、省革委会副主任、河南省委书记，九届中央候补委员，十届、十一届中央委员；1983年被判刑）。唐岐山（小学文化，郑州铁路局郑州机务段工人，郑州铁路局革委会副主任、省工代会副主任，省委常委，郑州市委书记，铁路局党委书记、四届全国人大常委；九届、十届中央委员；1979年12月被判处无期徒刑）。聂元梓（北京大学的被毛称为“马列主义大字报”作者，1983年以“反革命”罪判刑17年）。郭宏杰（安徽萧县郭庄大队书记、安徽省委副书记、书记；四届全国人大常委；九届中央候补委员，十届中央委员；1977年停职审查，劳教3年）。梁锦棠（广州电机厂技工。广东省革委会副主任、省委常委、总工会主任。九届中央候补委员，十届中央委员；1977年停职审查、撤职）。崔海龙（吉林省延边军分区副政委、省军区政委、延边州委书记、四届全国人大常委；九届中央候补委员，十届中央委员。1985年被开除党籍）。隆光前（青海西宁电业局工人，省革委常委、省委常委、省总工会副主任；九届、十届中央候补委员。1982年开除党籍）。蒋宝娣（杭州新华丝厂造反派负责人，厂革委会主任，省工代会常委、省革委会常委，省委常委、总工会主任，九、十、十一届中央候补委员；1982年降职退休）。谢望春（湖北国棉三厂女造反派，半文盲，厂党委副书记，市纺织工业局党委副书记，省妇联副主任；九届、十届中央候补委员。1982年被开除党籍，撤职）。樊德玲（开滦煤矿职工，矿务局革委副主任。局党委副书记，唐山市委副书记、河北省总工会主任。四届、五届全国人大常委；九届中央候补委员，十届、十一届中央委员；1983年被判刑10年）。 著名劳模，多数是文盲半文盲，多数还任十届中央委员或候补委员，一般在毛死后被撤职：田华贵（广东博罗县黄山洞村书记，小学文化，学毛著积极分子，省革委会常委、副主任，县委副书记；九、十届中央委员；后被撤职）。刘盛田（辽宁学毛著积极分子，任辽宁省革委会副主任，盘锦垦区革委主任，省委书记；九、十届中央委员；后被开除党籍）。刘锡昌（北京光华木材厂劳模，北京市委常委、市革委副主任，市总工会副主任；九、十、十一届中央委员；1990年本人提出退党，被党内除名）。江礼银（福州铁路机务段司机，福建省革委委员、省委常委。九、十、十一届中央委员，四、五届全国人大常委；1985年被开除党籍，群众说他是个吃喝玩乐的人物。）李素文（沈阳售货员，全国人大副委员长，文化低，但也是“批邓”先锋。毛死后被撤职）。吴桂贤（陕西咸阳西北国棉一厂挡车工，省革委会委员、省委副书记、国务院副总理；九、十、十一届中央委员，十届中央政治局候补委员；1977年免职）。吕玉兰（河北临西县劳模。县革委副主任、省革委会副主任、省委书记、九、十、十一大代表、中央委员；四、五届全国人大常委；1993年病逝）。张富贵（山东文登县劳模、省贫协主任、省革委副主任。省委委员，省人大常委会副主任；二、三、四届全国人大代表；九、十、十一届中央委员，十二大代表。1968年《红旗》杂志发表以他的名义的文章《批臭复辟资本主义的“驯服工具论”》）。张福恒（天津第一机床厂劳模、副厂长、市委常委、天津革委会副主任，市总工会主任；九、十、十一届中央委员）。杨富珍（上海国棉一厂织布档车工。1966年4月《红旗》杂志发表她的文章《工农兵群众批判吴晗反党反社会主义的政治立场和学术观点》，其实她根本不知道吴晗的学术观点。上海市革委副主任、市委常委、总工会副主任、全国妇联负责人，九、十、十一届中央候补委员，二、三届全国人大代表）。宝日勒岱（内蒙古自治区乌审旗劳模，党支部书记、区贫下中农协会副主席、乌审旗革委会副主任，伊克昭盟革委会常委、区委常委，区委书记、区革委会副主任。九、十、十一届中央委员；四、五届全国人大常委）。宗希云（吉林的煤矿采煤工、市革委会副主任、省委常委、省煤炭局副局长，九、十、十一届中央委员）。饶兴礼（湖北省农业劳模，省委常委、贫下中农协会主席，连续四届中央委员，还是连续四届的全国人大代表）。莫显耀（杭州彭端口乡大队支部书记、农业劳模；浙江省委委员、九届、十届中央委员，1979年撤职）。华银凤（浙江东阳县养猪模范、省革委会副主任；九、十大代表主席团成员）。尉凤英（沈阳东北机器制造厂劳模，1965年5月9日，《人民日报》发表《向毛主席的好工人尉凤英同志学习》的社论。省革委副主任、二、三届人大代表；九、十届中央委员，十一届中央候补委员，先后13次受到毛接见）。鹿田计（山东枣庄煤矿劳模、省委常委，九、十大、十一大中央委员；1984年被开除党籍）。蔡协斌（四川建筑工人劳模，省总工会主任；九、十届中央委员；1978年免职）。蔡树梅（天津纺织劳模，天津市委常委。九届、十届中央委员；1977年免职）。潘世告（江西安源煤矿劳模，半文盲，省革委副主任，市委副书记；九届、十届中央委员）。魏秉奎（鞍钢铸管厂劳模，市革委会副主任、辽宁省革委会副主任；九、十届中央委员，1978年被撤职）。七林旺丹（云南农业劳模，省革委会委员、省委常委。1970年《红旗》杂志发表他的文章《毛主席的光辉千秋万代照雪山》。九、十、十一届中央委员，1978年免职）。王体（山西阳泉矿务局劳模，省革委会副主任；九、十届中央候补委员）。文香兰（河南鲁山县农业劳模，小学文化，省革委常委，省委常委。九、十、十一届中央候补委员）。冯占武（吉林双阳县农业劳模，小学文化，省革委委员、省委常委；九、十、十一届中央候补委员；1977年免职）。央宗（西藏加查县女劳模，小学文化，公社革委会主任、县委常委，加查县革委会副主任，1969年《红旗》杂志，刊登她的但显然是别人写的《毛泽东思想的光辉照亮了西藏高原》；九、十届中央候补委员）。刘春樵（湖南常德农业劳模，县革委副主任、省革委常委、县委副书记、地委副书记；九、十届中央候补委员、十一届中央委员）。肉孜吐尔迪（新疆吐鲁番县农业劳模，县革委副主任、县委书记，九、十、十一届中央候补委员）。陈和发（江苏丹阳县农业劳模，初小文化，县委书记，省革委副主任、省贫下中农协会主任。九、十届中央候补委员）。李守林（陕北定边县农业劳模，小学文化，省革委会常委、省贫下中农协会副主席、县革委会副主任、县委委员；九、十、十一届中央候补委员）。李跃松（宁夏银川橡胶厂劳模，小学文化，宁夏区常委、区总工会主任，九、十届中央候补委员，1980年撤职）。吴金全（四川天府煤矿劳模，文盲，省总工会副主任、主任，九、十、十一届中央候补委员）。吕和（黑龙江甘南县农业劳模，县委副书记。九、十届中央候补委员，十一大代表，三届全国人大代表）。吕存姐（青海互助县劳模、青海省委委员、省妇联副主任；九、十、十一届中央候补委员）。张泗洲（四川简阳县农业劳模，小学文化。公社党委书记、县革委会副主任，省贫下中农协会副主席、省革委会副主任；九、十届中央候补委员；1977年免职）。张延成（山东潍坊柴油机厂劳模，小学文化，三届全国人大代表，四届全国人大常委，昌潍地区革委会副主任、省总工会副主任、市委副书记。九届中央候补委员，十届中央委员。1982被撤职，开除党籍）。罗春俤（福建尤溪县女农业劳模、初小文化，省革委委员、省委委员、省妇联主任、县革委会副主任、五届全国人大代表。九、十届中央候补委员）。胡良才（新疆八一钢铁厂模范、自治区革委会副主任、区总工会主任、区委常委。九、十、十一届中央候补委员。1979年免职待分配）。黄成连（甘肃兰州炼油厂劳模，小学文化，厂革委会副主任；省燃化局副局长；九届、十届中央候补委员）。崔修范（沈阳铁路局劳模、辽宁革委会副主任、省委常委；九届、十届中央候补委员；1980免职）。盘美英（广西贺县女劳模，大队支部书记、县革委会副主任、县委副书记；九、十、十一届中央候补委员；1984年8月被开除党籍）。彭贵和（云南个旧锡矿劳模，文盲，锡业公司革委成员、公司党委常委，省总工会主任。九、十届中央候补委员；1977年被免职）。谢家塘（四川省成都机车厂党委书记、省委委员、成都市委委员；九、十届中央候补委员，1985年免职）。樊孝菊（江西修水县女劳模，文盲；县革委副主任、省革委会副主任，省妇联主任；九、十届中央候补委员）。 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(1) Almost all the representatives wore military uniform to attend the congress, many are the rebellers. (2) Wang Baidan (middle) and his party member co-workers. Wang Baidan was a Shanxi Taicang County , Jiangsu Jiangsu Province
(1) Guo Yufeng: Army rebeller, Kang Sheng's trusted subordinate. In 1964 was promoted as major general. alternate member of the ninth session CCP central committeee, member of the tenth and 11th session CCP Central Committee. In Cultural Revolution” he was minister of CCO Central Organization Department. After the Cultural Revolution ended, until Kang Sheng's case was exposed, he was dismissed the party membership and removes from office. (2) Geng Qichang and Mao, Geng was a rebeller, assistant director of Henan Province Revolutionary Committee, secretary of Henan Provincial CCP Committee, alternate member of ninth session CCP Central Committee, member of the tenth and 11th session CCP Central Committee; in 1983 he was sentenced. (3) Cao Yiou and Kang Sheng. Cao was Kang Sheng’s wife, chief of Kang Sheng office. Member of the 9-11th session CCP Central Committee. She stired up the Great Cultural Revolution with Kang Sheng to revolt, had influential role. In 1981 she was removes from office. (4) Jie Xuegong, rebeller, secretary of Tianjin Municipal CCP Committee, director of Tianjin Revolutionary Committee, member of the 9-11th session CCP Central Committee. In 1978 was removes from office, dismissed the party membership. (5) Liu Xuebao, representative of ninth CCP congress, killed intentionally so-called class enemy, forged a story of “security bridge's heroic exploits”, latter he was sentenced life imprisonment.
(3) Mao Yuanxin became a political star on the political stage
As early as in November 9, 1964, the national education ministry retransmitted “Chairman Mao and Mao Yuanxin Talks Summary”. Mao Zedong's nephew Mao Yuanxin henceforth was wellknown all the nation. Mao Yuanxin managed |
(1) Mao Zedong and nephew Mao Yuanxin in Great Cultural Revolution (2) Mao Zedong said that “Liaoning is greatly hopeful”, on May 10, 1968, Liaoning Province and Shenyang
All over the country, Red Guard massively printed, and repeatedly studied the document: “Mao Yuanxin: Why do I participate in the Red Rebellion army corps”.
(1,2,3) “Comrade Mao Yuanxin’s speech summary, symposium of Liaoning Rebellion Union Delegation in Beijing
All over the country massive printed and released,”Comrade Mao Yuanxin’s speech on the symposium of Shenyang three faction revolutionary public organization’s represents”, "Mao Yuanxin: Why do I participate in the red rebellion army corps” and so on.
著名劳模，多数是文盲半文盲，多数还任十届中央委员或候补委员，一般在毛死后被撤职：田华贵（广东博罗县黄山洞村书记，小学文化，学毛著积极分子，省革委会常委、副主任，县委副书记；九、十届中央委员；后被撤职）。刘盛田（辽宁学毛著积极分子，任辽宁省革委会副主任，盘锦垦区革委主任，省委书记；九、十届中央委员；后被开除党籍）。刘锡昌（北京光华木材厂劳模，北京市委常委、市革委副主任，市总工会副主任；九、十、十一届中央委员；1990年本人提出退党，被党内除名）。江礼银（福州铁路机务段司机，福建省革委委员、省委常委。九、十、十一届中央委员，四、五届全国人大常委；1985年被开除党籍，群众说他是个吃喝玩乐的人物。）李素文（沈阳售货员，全国人大副委员长，文化低，但也是“批邓”先锋。毛死后被撤职）。吴桂贤（陕西咸阳西北国棉一厂挡车工，省革委会委员、省委副书记、国务院副总理；九、十、十一届中央委员，十届中央政治局候补委员；1977年免职）。吕玉兰（河北临西县劳模。县革委副主任、省革委会副主任、省委书记、九、十、十一大代表、中央委员；四、五届全国人大常委；1993年病逝）。张富贵（山东文登县劳模、省贫协主任、省革委副主任。省委委员，省人大常委会副主任；二、三、四届全国人大代表；九、十、十一届中央委员，十二大代表。1968年《红旗》杂志发表以他的名义的文章《批臭复辟资本主义的“驯服工具论”》）。张福恒（天津第一机床厂劳模、副厂长、市委常委、天津革委会副主任，市总工会主任；九、十、十一届中央委员）。杨富珍（上海国棉一厂织布档车工。1966年4月《红旗》杂志发表她的文章《工农兵群众批判吴晗反党反社会主义的政治立场和学术观点》，其实她根本不知道吴晗的学术观点。上海市革委副主任、市委常委、总工会副主任、全国妇联负责人，九、十、十一届中央候补委员，二、三届全国人大代表）。宝日勒岱（内蒙古自治区乌审旗劳模，党支部书记、区贫下中农协会副主席、乌审旗革委会副主任，伊克昭盟革委会常委、区委常委，区委书记、区革委会副主任。九、十、十一届中央委员；四、五届全国人大常委）。宗希云（吉林的煤矿采煤工、市革委会副主任、省委常委、省煤炭局副局长，九、十、十一届中央委员）。饶兴礼（湖北省农业劳模，省委常委、贫下中农协会主席，连续四届中央委员，还是连续四届的全国人大代表）。莫显耀（杭州彭端口乡大队支部书记、农业劳模；浙江省委委员、九届、十届中央委员，1979年撤职）。华银凤（浙江东阳县养猪模范、省革委会副主任；九、十大代表主席团成员）。尉凤英（沈阳东北机器制造厂劳模，1965年5月9日，《人民日报》发表《向毛主席的好工人尉凤英同志学习》的社论。省革委副主任、二、三届人大代表；九、十届中央委员，十一届中央候补委员，先后13次受到毛接见）。鹿田计（山东枣庄煤矿劳模、省委常委，九、十大、十一大中央委员；1984年被开除党籍）。蔡协斌（四川建筑工人劳模，省总工会主任；九、十届中央委员；1978年免职）。蔡树梅（天津纺织劳模，天津市委常委。九届、十届中央委员；1977年免职）。潘世告（江西安源煤矿劳模，半文盲，省革委副主任，市委副书记；九届、十届中央委员）。魏秉奎（鞍钢铸管厂劳模，市革委会副主任、辽宁省革委会副主任；九、十届中央委员，1978年被撤职）。七林旺丹（云南农业劳模，省革委会委员、省委常委。1970年《红旗》杂志发表他的文章《毛主席的光辉千秋万代照雪山》。九、十、十一届中央委员，1978年免职）。王体（山西阳泉矿务局劳模，省革委会副主任；九、十届中央候补委员）。文香兰（河南鲁山县农业劳模，小学文化，省革委常委，省委常委。九、十、十一届中央候补委员）。冯占武（吉林双阳县农业劳模，小学文化，省革委委员、省委常委；九、十、十一届中央候补委员；1977年免职）。央宗（西藏加查县女劳模，小学文化，公社革委会主任、县委常委，加查县革委会副主任，1969年《红旗》杂志，刊登她的但显然是别人写的《毛泽东思想的光辉照亮了西藏高原》；九、十届中央候补委员）。刘春樵（湖南常德农业劳模，县革委副主任、省革委常委、县委副书记、地委副书记；九、十届中央候补委员、十一届中央委员）。肉孜吐尔迪（新疆吐鲁番县农业劳模，县革委副主任、县委书记，九、十、十一届中央候补委员）。陈和发（江苏丹阳县农业劳模，初小文化，县委书记，省革委副主任、省贫下中农协会主任。九、十届中央候补委员）。李守林（陕北定边县农业劳模，小学文化，省革委会常委、省贫下中农协会副主席、县革委会副主任、县委委员；九、十、十一届中央候补委员）。李跃松（宁夏银川橡胶厂劳模，小学文化，宁夏区常委、区总工会主任，九、十届中央候补委员，1980年撤职）。吴金全（四川天府煤矿劳模，文盲，省总工会副主任、主任，九、十、十一届中央候补委员）。吕和（黑龙江甘南县农业劳模，县委副书记。九、十届中央候补委员，十一大代表，三届全国人大代表）。吕存姐（青海互助县劳模、青海省委委员、省妇联副主任；九、十、十一届中央候补委员）。张泗洲（四川简阳县农业劳模，小学文化。公社党委书记、县革委会副主任，省贫下中农协会副主席、省革委会副主任；九、十届中央候补委员；1977年免职）。张延成（山东潍坊柴油机厂劳模，小学文化，三届全国人大代表，四届全国人大常委，昌潍地区革委会副主任、省总工会副主任、市委副书记。九届中央候补委员，十届中央委员。1982被撤职，开除党籍）。罗春俤（福建尤溪县女农业劳模、初小文化，省革委委员、省委委员、省妇联主任、县革委会副主任、五届全国人大代表。九、十届中央候补委员）。胡良才（新疆八一钢铁厂模范、自治区革委会副主任、区总工会主任、区委常委。九、十、十一届中央候补委员。1979年免职待分配）。黄成连（甘肃兰州炼油厂劳模，小学文化，厂革委会副主任；省燃化局副局长；九届、十届中央候补委员）。崔修范（沈阳铁路局劳模、辽宁革委会副主任、省委常委；九届、十届中央候补委员；1980免职）。盘美英（广西贺县女劳模，大队支部书记、县革委会副主任、县委副书记；九、十、十一届中央候补委员；1984年8月被开除党籍）。彭贵和（云南个旧锡矿劳模，文盲，锡业公司革委成员、公司党委常委，省总工会主任。九、十届中央候补委员；1977年被免职）。谢家塘（四川省成都机车厂党委书记、省委委员、成都市委委员；九、十届中央候补委员，1985年免职）。樊孝菊（江西修水县女劳模，文盲；县革委副主任、省革委会副主任，省妇联主任；九、十届中央候补委员）。
(1) Almost all the representatives wore military uniform to attend the congress, many are the rebellers. (2) Wang Baidan (middle) and his party member co-workers. Wang Baidan was a Shanxi farmer, in the Great Leap Forward time he became a steel-smelting worker. In Cultural Revolution he was the factory revolutionary committee member, in 1969 before “ninth congress” convention, the higher authority need “a steel-smelting worker with above seven years’ length of service” to be “ninth congress representative”, only he was tallied the condition. During “ninth congress” election, nobody knows his background, finally only then Wang Baidan and Mao were full-price ticket elected to be the central members. Because his name listens to resemble Chinese “bastard”, Zhou Enlai suggested him to change name, Central Cultural Revolution Leader Chen Boda helped to change his name as “Wang Baizao”. After the congress he was deputy secretary Qiqihar Municipal CCP committee. in August, 1970, Chen Boda was overthrown, because Chen Boda changed his name, it is a problem to him to continue tobe the “tenth CCP congress representative” and Central Committee member. Zhou Enlai said: “His name change is me proposed, Chen Boda changed. I am responsible for this matter”, so all were ok, Jiang Qing once again helped him to change his name to be “Wang baide”. Therefore he become alternate member of the tenth session CCP central committee. After Mao’s death and Jiang Qing’s fall, Wang was “examinatied” for more than three years, and removed his duty. (3,4) Gu Atao, and her “article” (been processed) of “learning Mao’s works” propagandized in national various media. Gu Atao, illiterate, at that time was 55 years old, farmer of Shaxi village, Taicang County, Jiangsu Province. In 1965, Lin Biao’s wife Ye Qun was in Gu Atao’s hometown to do “the four clean-ups” movement, discovered that Gu could recite several Mao’squotations, Ye Qun artistically treated her to be “activist of learning Mao’s works”, Gu Atao became “the ninth CCP congress representative”. After the congress she was standing member of Jiangsu Province revolutionary committee. After Mao’s death, she was removed from office, worked as a farmer.
(1) Guo Yufeng: Army rebeller, Kang Sheng's trusted subordinate. In 1964 was promoted as major general. alternate member of the ninth session CCP central committeee, member of the tenth and 11th session CCP Central Committee. In Cultural Revolution” he was minister of CCO Central Organization Department. After the Cultural Revolution ended, until Kang Sheng's case was exposed, he was dismissed the party membership and removes from office. (2) Geng Qichang and Mao, Geng was a rebeller, assistant director of Henan Province Revolutionary Committee, secretary of Henan Provincial CCP Committee, alternate member of ninth session CCP Central Committee, member of the tenth and 11th session CCP Central Committee; in 1983 he was sentenced. (3) Cao Yiou and Kang Sheng. Cao was Kang Sheng’s wife, chief of Kang Sheng office. Member of the 9-11th session CCP Central Committee. She stired up the Great Cultural Revolution with Kang Sheng to revolt, had influential role. In 1981 she was removes from office. (4) Jie Xuegong, rebeller, secretary of Tianjin Municipal CCP Committee, director of Tianjin Revolutionary Committee, member of the 9-11th session CCP Central Committee. In 1978 was removes from office, dismissed the party membership. (5) Liu Xuebao, representative of ninth CCP congress, killed intentionally so-called class enemy, forged a story of “security bridge's heroic exploits”, latter he was sentenced life imprisonment.
(3) Mao Yuanxin became a political star on the political stage
As early as in November 9, 1964, the national education ministry retransmitted “Chairman Mao and Mao Yuanxin Talks Summary”. Mao Zedong's nephew Mao Yuanxin henceforth was wellknown all the nation. Mao Yuanxin managed Liaoning’s rebellion and seizing power struggle, Mao Zedong said that “Liaoning is greatly hopeful”. On May 14, 1968, Liaoning Province Revolutionary Committee was founded, 27 year-old Mao Yuanxin was assistant director of Liaoning Province Revolutionary committee, regarded as “the reliable successor”, was the youngest senior official of the nation. Soon, Mao Yuanxin was commissar of Shenyang Military Region, direct managed Jilin, Heilongjiang, and Liaoning three provincial military regions. Northeast had a very important strategic position, Lin Biao was develops his political capital from Northeast. Mao Yuanxin became “the Northeast overlord”. was in charge of Liaoning and Northeast Cultural Revolution, there was the nation’s fiercest struggle capitalist-roaderer’s place and the fiercest rebels gun battle place. |
(1) Mao Zedong and nephew Mao Yuanxin in Great Cultural Revolution (2) Mao Zedong said that “Liaoning is greatly hopeful”, on May 10, 1968, Liaoning Province and Shenyang were established revolutionary committee, the celebration parade. Photo by Jiang Shaowu. (3) Mao Yuanxin (Shenyang Military Region Command Commissar) and Chen Xilian (Shenyang Military Region Command Commander). 1968. Photo by Jiang Shaowu.
All over the country, Red Guard massively printed, and repeatedly studied the document: “Mao Yuanxin: Why do I participate in the Red Rebellion army corps”.
(1,2,3) “Comrade Mao Yuanxin’s speech summary, symposium of Liaoning Rebellion Union Delegation in Beijing”. March 20,1968. (4) "Comrade Mao Yuanxin's three big-character posters".
All over the country massive printed and released,”Comrade Mao Yuanxin’s speech on the symposium of Shenyang three faction revolutionary public organization’s represents”, "Mao Yuanxin: Why do I participate in the red rebellion army corps” and so on.
