( II )
小标题：陰陽·群衆
Subtitle: Yin & Yang Masses---Living & Dead Masses
(Note: in Chinese philosophy, medicine, etc.
‘ yin’ and‘yang’ means the two opposing principles in nature, the
former feminine, negative and the nether world---death, while the latter
masculine, positive and the world---life)
（蒙自 集市）
( Mengzi Country Fair)
刘加强：从我记事的时候我特别怕晚上。因为一到晚上很多斗争场面就是打人。有的是被活活打死，一斗一打，那就惨叫嘛。那时我很小刚刚记事。
晚上很恐怖。
Liu Jiaqiang: I have feared evening since memory, for the scene of
struggle was always beating people. Some were beaten to death. With
each denouncing and beating at the meeting, there was pitiful screaming,
terrible evenings.
（东风农场街景）
(The scene of a street in Dongfeng Farm)
解传宝：就是1959年，我们徘徊在饥饿状态之中。白天我和李源德尽心尽力打砖。就是在12月中旬晚上的一天，凌晨两点到三点阶段，我肚子太饿了，因为那饭经常不够吃。肚子太饿了把我俄醒了，我就起来小便。我就到了厕所，在撒着尿时，忽然看到一个人的影子。 你是解传宝吗？他（李源德）说：走，晒场就在我们旁边，他说：弄几个花生吃吃。我说：不行，旁边有人守着。 他说：不怕，我都弄了一回来了。
Xie Chuanbao: In the famine of 1959 we went hungry. During the day Li
Yuande and I tried our best to make bricks. In the mid of Dec., at about 2
or 3 a.m. I woke up from great hunger caused by too often little meal.
While making urine after getting up I caught sight of a person’s shadow.
“Are you Xie Chuanbao?” Li Yuande asked. “Let’s go for a few peanuts
since the drying site is just nearby.” I said “No, someone is guarding.” He
said: “ Do not fear, I have already been there and got some.”
当时周围是漆黑一团，只是那个晒场上灯光照着有点亮，中间的花生，就像山头似的花生拿油布盖着。我们两就一前一后就去了晒场，我们在那运作的时候，他们早就看在心里面了。 他就（喊）：是谁？我就不敢说，我就吓得气都不敢出了。我就跑起来，他们就打枪，朝天打，打了一枪，就吓住我了，我怕他朝我干。就给他们抓住了。李源德也抓住了，两个人双双拴在那个木柱上。
It was then very dark around with just a bit light on the drying site. The hill-top-like peanuts in the center of the site were covered with tarpaulin. We two walked toward there one ahead one behind in their notice. “Who?” one man shouted. Holding breath with fear, I started to run. Their shoot to the sky frightened me and we were caught and tied to a post of wood.
第二天，这个民兵就把我跟李源德交给管花生晒场的这个组。8点半正式开批斗会，负责这个组的叫王朝兴。大家就坐在各自的床上。我们俩人依然是用两根绳子拴在那个木柱上。王朝兴就说：你们这个集团，你们的头目是谁？你们集团的成员有谁，这个总会想到出来。我说：我们没有这回事，我们仅仅是想要抓几个吃吃。然后他就来个：给我吊起来。就来了两个监督生产人员，七整八整整成两股（绳），就吊在大梁上。吊的高高的，那个绳子就转了嘛。呜流呜流地转，转的时候我就看到李源德，他们还在绑，绑不上去。原因是李源德的块头太大了，60多公斤的体重。
The next day the militia who caught us trusted Li and I to the group that were in charge of drying peanuts. Criticism and denouncement meeting began at 8:30. The man in charge of that group was named Wang Zhaoxing. Everyone was sitting on one’s own bed. We two were still tied to the post. Wang said: “ Your gang, who is the head and who are in your gang? You should at least remember. I said there was no such a thing, we just wanted to eat a few peanuts. Wang ordered: “Hang them!” At this, two production supervisors came up. After a bit try, they made a rope of two strands and hung it high onto the roof beam. The rope began to revolve and I was able to see Li Yuande whom they were still trying to hang on the rope. But Li was too big to be hung up, over 60 kilograms.
（解弹琴）说：再来一遍。 (16/7, Thur.)
他们拿大棒棒，拿扁担，所谓的棒棒打是锄头把，是晒场上的棍棒叉叉杆杆早晨八点半打到十二钟左右,到了他们要吃饭的时候，就把饭打来，我们俩个人的饭是有瓦窑组送来，他们带信叫他们送来。把我们的饭，两盘饭摆在他们那个空床上，就说你们再不交代，连饭都不给你们吃。果不其然，我们说不出来，就不给我们吃。一直吊着，他们在那里吃饭。
(Xie playing an instrument) : Let’s have it again.
They beat us from 8:30 till around 12 noon with a big bar (how handle), shoulder pole, shafts and forks on the drying site. At the time for lunch, they got the meal here and ours were sent by the bricklaying group, two plates of food were placing on their empty bed. They said “no confess, no meal” True, since we had nothing to confess, we remained hung there hungry while they were eating.
解传宝：在没晕之前，还听到那个王朝兴说：死顽固还不交待，给我狠狠地打，就那些话。大家咬牙切齿打。那些人张牙舞爪，相当厉害的。那些下手不轻啦，下手非常重。我们这号人都是二十多岁。还有，打到下午三点来钟左右，来了一个作业区主任，他来了，扛了把锄头，走李源德那道门那里，先通过李源德，后来又来到我面前，来到以后，我鼻子拉撒的样子，根本眼泪呀，鼻子呀，口水呀，什么都是不像个人呀。漓漓啦啦像这样，来了以后我就说，张书记，他是作业区书记，我知道呢。原来是省昆明下去的下放干部。
Xie Chuanbao: Before falling faint I heard Wang Chaoxing words: “ Beat
them relentlessly since they are so stubborn.” Everyone around gnashed
their teeth, making threatening gestures, very fierce. We were in our
twenties so they beat us with force. When they beat us till about 3 p.m.,
with a hoe on his shoulder, the director and Party secretary Zhang of
production field walked in through the door where Li Deyuan was hung.
Passing Li, he approached me when I did not look like a man with tears,
nasal mucus, saliva.
我就说：张书记，唉呀，我错啦，弄这个花生吃，没有吃到，他们就说我把他们的花生搞了多少袋，要叫我交待集团，到底领头是谁？我说我们根本没接触到这个问题，我们只是想抓几个花生吃。我陈述了一下，断断续续的陈述。他抬头看看，看了一阵，扛了锄头依然走掉了，他不说一句话。当然当中只有一个人没有动手，其他的都是张牙舞爪，二十多号人，人人都动手，他一个人没动手，就是姚孔亮，就是开远养鸡场的姚孔亮。这个人没有动手，他睡在床上，拿个草帽遮住自己的眼睛。
I said: “Oh, Secretary Zhang, I was wrong to think of a few peanuts though I did not get to eat. But they said that I had got several bags of peanuts and ordered me to confess our so-called gang, who is the chief. I said there is no such a thing and we only wanted to get a few peanuts to eat. I explained intermittently. Looking up with raised head for a while, without any words he left with the hoe on his shoulder. Only one among the people in the room did not raised his hand and that man was Yao Kongliang of Kaiyuan Chicken Farm, the rest over twenty all did. Yao was sleeping on bed with a straw hat covering his eyes. (17/7, Fr.)
一直到打得我们休克过去，把两个都打死掉，李源德先用一辆小板车拉了去埋了。小吊井离我们批斗的那个地方相当远，要过很多路, 很多坑坑洼洼的路。
二次来拉我的时候，有人发现我手还在那里动了一下，动了一下，卫生所离
出人命这个地方只是不超过二三百步。到第二天早上，医疗室的医生来给我包扎
他一边整的过程一边说：你跟李源都死掉啦，你瞳孔散掉啦，但是我抱着试试态
度，打一针强心针下去，你那瞳孔就有点收缩，打了第二针强心针呢，瞳孔就收
回来了，再给你打第三针呢，眼睛会眨，正常啦 。如果先拉了我去埋藏掉，我
就埋掉了。李源德也许在那里等待就会活过来，情况都会发生变化的。
The beating lasted till we lost consciousness, for us both to die. Li Yuande
was first carried to bury in a flatbed (tricycle) The burial place
Xiaodiaojing (small hoist well) was quite far from where we were
criticized and denounced, many bumpy trails. When they later to carry
me, someone found my hand moved a little bit, the clinic was merely two
or three steps away. The next morning a doctor from there came to dress
my wounds. In the operation, he said: “ both you and Li Yuande died,
your pupil already spread apart. With a hope to try, I gave you a cardiac
stimulant and your pupil got a bit contracted. After the second shock,
your pupil got normal and the third shock made your eyes wink, you were
saved.” If I had been first carried for burial, I would have been buried.
Probably Li Yuande may have survived if he had been left waiting there,
things always change.
问：他们把人打死，上面有没有追究他们责任呢？
Question: Did the above investigate and affix the responsibility for their killing people?
解传宝：没有！
Xie Chuanbao: No.
赵汉科：要我跪，我就不跪啊！我说我吃了花生米我跪，我没有吃我就不跪。上来几个人就按着我跪。
Zhao Hanke: I was told to kneel, but I refused saying that I would kneel if
I had eaten the peanuts, but since I did not eat, I would not kneel. At this a
few people came up to push me down.
解传宝：晒场旁边那些电线杆经常捆，这个又是偷花生吃啦，那个又是不服从改造啦，就是像这样层出不穷。
Xie Chuanbao: Those wire poles by the peanuts-drying place were often
used to bind people, this guy stole peanuts, that guy disobeyed reform,
such things emerged in an endless stream.
赵汉科：他拎起那个板凳一板凳就砸过来，刚巧砸到我这里，当时我就感到我这个胃像多少个针一样戳着，那个疼劲，汗都一颗颗的下来。
Zhao Hanke: He lifted a stool and threw it at me, happened to have
pounded me here. Immediately I felt so many needles poking my
stomach, so painful that sweat poured down one drop after another.
问： 李源德的家人有没有来找他？
Question: Did Li Yuande’s family come to look for him?
解传宝：去啦,他的妹子去啦,来找她的哥哥，带着一个老人，老人就是他的爸爸。
Xie Chuanbao: Yes, his younger sister came with an old man, his father.
胡同增：那你是一个监督劳动人员的话，那绝对没有当医生的资格，不要说当医生，当兽医都不行。
Hu Tongzeng: As a production supervisor, you were not at all qualified
for a doctor, even for a veterinarian.
解传宝：带着去吗，找到马定贵，就是党委书记，问我的哥哥到哪儿去啦？马定贵就说：我们没有这个人，没有这个人，没有这个人，没有这个人,就像这样不了了之。
Xie Chuanbao: When finding Ma Dinggui, secretary of the Party
committee, Li Yuande’s sister asked about her brother. But Ma said: “We
have no such a person, no!” Thus, it ended up with nothing definite.
胡同增：可是当时，整个农场没有一个高级的医生，只有几个少数的中专毕业生或者部队的卫生员，他们支撑着那么多人的医务工作。
Hu Tongzeng: But at that time in the whole farm, there was no qualified
doctor, only a few graduated from technical secondary school or health
workers from the army, in charge of medical work for so many people.
赵汉科：那个疼得脸都变啦，就在地上打滚，就把我送到医务室了。
Zhao Hanke: My face changed shape because of the pain, I tossed on the
Ground and was taken to the clinic. (18/7, Sat.)
胡同增：到后来也碰到一个机会，抢救了一个扁桃腺三级肥大窒息的小孩子，实在不行临时把我喊了去，在一把刀子几把钳子,蹲在床头给孩子作了气管切开救了命，经过这个，他们虽然还不能让我当医生,但就用了变通的办法，我的名字还是在蔬菜队上种菜，
Hu Tongzeng: Later I got a chance to save a kid who was suffocated by
The 3rd degree hypertrophy tonsil. I was sent for at the last minute when
they failed to do anything. With a knife and a few pincers, crouching
at the bedside, I had tracheotomy for the kid and saved his life. Afterwards, yet unable to let me be a doctor, they made an appropriate adaptation in the light of specific conditions---my name was still on the vegetable team.
赵汉科：他那个板凳砸过来，把那个胃的内壁震破了，那瘀血就在胃里面。那就是胡医生抢救的。
Zhao Hanke: The stool’s pounding vibrated the inside of my stomach, broken with extravasated blood. It was Dr.Hu who rescued me.
胡同增：说冒着一定的风险这是事实。因为他们是在明目张胆地欺压剥削我们，但在看病上，一个医生只能用你的技术、不能把你的情绪用在这方面，这是违反医师的伦理的。
（胡医生---上海震旦医学院毕业）
Hu Tongzeng: It was the fact that I took some risk treating patients for they flagrantly rode roughshod over and exploited us. But in practicing medicine, a doctor should only use your profession and not put your mood in it which is against a doctor’s moral principles.
( Dr.Hu graduated from Shanghai Zendan College of Medicine )
赵汉科：失血太多需要打血浆，那个是要经过党委书记批准的。这胡医生就是：我不管,我是医生，我不管他是什么，要救他，我就要用血浆。
Zhao Hanke: Too much loss of blood plasma transfusion is necessary, which was then approval from the Party committee was needed. But Dr. Hu did not care, thinking whatever he was, to save him, he would by all means use blood plasma.
胡同增：有的时候呛的太厉害，我是几出几进医务室。
Hu Tongzeng: Sometimes the quarrel was so serious that I was several
times driven out of the clinic and then allowed in again.
赵汉科：血浆是哪些人才能用，那个时候，给个阶级敌人用那还行啊?!
Zhao hanke: What kind of people were permitted to use blood plasma?
How could it be used to a class enemy?!
胡同增：下去劳动！我说：好。我就下去劳动。
Hu Tongzeng: “Go down to do labor!” I said : “ OK, I will.”
小标题 大躍進·頌歌
Subtitle Great Leap Forward & Ode
吴德本：大跃进的那几年。
Wu Deben: The years of the Great Leap Forward.
王家有：一千人办个食堂，做饭的人就20多个。
Wang Jiayou: A dining hall was run for a thousand people with only
twenty cooks.
刘加强：吃花生壳，吃玉米棒。
Liu Jiaqiang: peanut shell and corncob was the food. (19/7, Sun.)
王家有：把玉米骨头冲细了，筛子筛了，拿来拌成面给大家吃。
Wang Jiayou: corncob made thin and sifted was mixed and stirred as flour
for us to eat
李泽衡：1958年我们还没饿肚子，但农民58年已经饿肚子了。
Li Zeheng: In 1958 we did not yet go hungry but peasants already did.
王家有：在社会上流行的说法：男饿三日女饿七日，女人比男人多耐得住饥饿。
Wang Jiayou: A saying is that men can bear hunger for three days while
women seven. So female are stronger in enduring hunger.
李泽衡：我们护秋的时候，我们看到一个农民撇了一个苞谷，那就开枪，一枪就把人家打死了，我们亲眼看到的，打死就打死。
Li Zeheng: While defending autumn harvest we saw with our own eyes that a peasant broke off a corn and got shot afterwards. Death was death, it was alright then.
王家有：从弥勒县城走普龙村回来，就发现死三个人。
Wang Jiayou: Walking from Mile county to Pulong village, we found
three bodies.
李泽衡：也知道是饿死的，知道是饿死，但你不能说,你看又饿死人了，要是你说了这句话，那不要升级了吧。
Li Zeheng: Knowing the death was from hunger, we dared not say:
“Look, someone else died from huger.” If you should have said so, your
problems would be upgraded.
王家有：走着倒下去就死了，就是饿死的。这个就叫饿死了，倒下去气都没得，就是饿死的。
Wang Jiayou: Dying in walking without any breath was nothing but death
from hunger.
问：这个地方气候这么好，为什么当时这么穷呢？
Question: The climate there (Yunnan, southwest of China) is so good, but why was it so poor then?
王家有：啊呀，连我也说不上，粮食是年年都丰产嘛。
Wang Jiayou: My goodness, I do not know either, high yield every year!
胡同增：就是那一年，上面下了个命令, 把所有旱地的庄稼都铲掉种红薯。
Hu Tongzeng: It was in that year there came an order from the above that
all the crops in the dry land would be uprooted for sweet potatoes.
张路：因为红薯可以大量地产，一亩地可以产几千斤，苞谷才产几百斤。
Zhang Lu: Just because sweet potatoes are highly productive with several
thousand jin per mu (one jin is 500 grams, one mu is 1/15 hectare) while
it is only several hundred jin per mu for corn.
孙梓川：苞谷已经产红缨帽子了，他叫砍掉。
Sun Zichuan: Red tassels were already seen but he ordered to cut off.
张 路：就派我们去拔，拔苞谷。
Zhang Lu: we were sent to pull out, pull out corn.
王家有：余粮你必须卖多少，不卖不行。他咋个咋个地宣传，国家如何如何。你必须卖，一卖嘛，口粮就提走了，一卖就饿了。
Wang Jiayou: There was a quota for us to sell the surplus grain which was
an order we had to obey. The countless publicity said how the state
needed it, and so on and so forth. With that sale, our grain ration was
taken and we had to go hungry.
赵汉科：你不能说真话，你要说真话，1957年的教训摆在那。
Zhao Hanke: We could not tell the truth, once you dared, the lesson in
1957 was there for us to draw.
王家有：不那样弄，你就要挨批评，阶级不好还挨斗。
Wang Jiayou: If we told truth, we would get criticism and struggle.
赵汉科：那时一种风啊，他还说，你反党反社会主义没反够啊。
Zhao Hanke: It was a tendency. He would say: “ Isn’t it enough for you to
fight against the Party and socialism?!”
胡同增：我们看见了，彩印的宣传种红薯的宣传画。
Hu Tongzeng: We saw the colored picture posters of growing sweet
potatoes.
赵汉科：还有宣传画呢，作饼干、还做蛋糕。
Zhao Hanke: And there were picture posters of biscuits and cakes made
from sweet potatoes.
胡同增：叫红薯一身都是宝。
Hu Tongzeng: It was said that sweet potatoes are full of treasures.
（歌）：毛主席走遍祖国大地，锦绣河山更加壮丽，任凭征途风云变幻，鲜红的太阳永放光辉。毛主席带领我们奋勇前进，高举起马列主义伟大红旗……..
(song) Chairman traveled all over the country, our land of charm and
beauty is even more majestic. Whatever a changeable situation, the bright
red sun always gives out radiance. Chairman Mao leads us to forge ahead
courageously, hold high the great banner of Marxism and Leninism…..
（彭德怀 1959年庐山会议）
( Peng Dehuai, the Congress at Lushan in 1959 ) (Lushan: Mountain Lu in Jiangxi province, southwest of China)
解传宝：零！ 60年2月份，当时的组长是韩健平，他领导我们砖瓦小组的工作。有一天，我们大家把饭吃掉了，都不见杨绍康回来。到了天黑了他才回来。回来后他气息奄奄，他骨瘦嶙峋。
Xie Chuanbao: Nought! In Feb. 1960, Han Jianping was the group leader,
in charge of our brick and clay group. One day after supper we did not
see Yang Shaokang back. Only till the dark did he return at his last gasp,
skin and bones.
王元庆：我在里面得干瘦病, 水中病，来来返返就是多少次，不但不同情，还说我故意装死耍赖。
Wang Yuanqing: I many times fell ill skinny, a kind of water sickness. They not only showed no sympathy, but also said that I pretended to die and acted shamelessly.
解传宝：韩健平就说：你的任务完成没有， 他说：韩组长我确实干不了了，我实在这个身体胜任不了了，我没完成。
韩健平说：你完不成任务给我站着。然后，你们来两个把他捆起来。
Xie Chuanbao: The group leader Han Jianping said: “Did you accomplish your task?” He said: “No, I did not, group leader Han, I am really too weak to do it.” Han Jianping said: “ Stand there since you failed, and then, two of you come to have him bound.”
解传宝：他把他捆起来了，那个吊人还不像吊我一样粗暴。是温文尔雅地吊，轻轻吊，慢慢升上去。
Xie Chuanbao: He tied him up, that man was less brutal than the one who tied me, but tied him gently, going up bit by bit.
解传宝：吊上去了以后，他就把头低下来，他说：我对不起了，我实在肚子饿了，我干不动了，我确实完不成任务了，韩组长我向你承认错误了。但韩健平一直不出声不出气。
Xie Chuanbao: When bound up, he lowered his head saying: “ Sorry, I am really hungry and unable to do the job, indeed I can hardly accomplish the task. Leader Han I recognize my mistake to you. But Han said nothing, making no sound. ( 20/7, Mon.)
吴德本：1960年到1961年，我这个浮肿病已经是到了三期了，医生说：你恐怕要成问题了。
Wu Deben: From 1960—1961 was sick with the third stage of dropsy,
and the doctors said that it was serious.
解传宝：尽管扬绍康气息奄奄，表示着要求但没有用, 就这样一直吊，他来了以后就吊了一晚上，不管大家睡觉，到天黑都睡觉了，依然吊在那里。
Xie Chuanbao: Though at his last gasp and appealing, Yang Shaokang
remained lifted up there with a rope for a whole night regardless of everyone’s sleep. His entreaty was useless.
王家有：人得浮肿病的那个村子，要在百分之三十左右。
Wang Jiayou: In the village of dropsy, about 30% people had the illness.
刘家强：肿的不行，一个医院都满啦。
Liu Jiaqiang: So severe, that a hospital was filled with dropsy patients.
胡同增：不准你说这是营养不良性浮肿，只能说浮肿病。
Hu Tongzeng: We were not allowed to say that the sickness was the result
of malnutrition, just to say it was dropsy.
王家有：也没有什么医疗技术，一整就死了。
Wang Jiayou: No medical skill, patients often died after treatment.
胡同增：实际上这就是外行有词。浮肿是一种症状，它不是个病。
Hu Tongzeng: In fact it was the laymen’s sophistry. Dropsy is just a
symptom, not illness.
解传宝：第二天我们带着疑问，吃饭的时候，我就问董克让：那个
绍康呢？（董克让说）他送到昆明去疗养了，说是送到昆明疗养去了。
Xie Chuanbao: At a meal the next day, with suspicion we asked Dong
Kerang about Yang Shaokang. Dong said that he was sent to Kunming
(capital of Yunnan) for recuperation.
吴德本：我这个浮肿病，后来我自己思想上很愉快，我死了也就算了。
Wu Deben: Later I got relaxed about my dropsy---it would be ok to die.
胡同增：几乎天天死人。
Hu Tongzeng: There was death almost everyday.
张路：我以为我是离不开农场了，活不出农场啦。
Zhang Lu: I thought I was unable to leave the farm alive.
胡同增：那时候浮肿病不仅仅在农场，在四周围的寨子里边那就铺开了。
Hu Tongzeng: Dropsy then was not just in the farm, nearly everywhere in the stockade villages.
冯永琪：她叫陈少春是个女同志，她养猪，因为她的身体很瘦小，别人就说：你养猪的时候你可以偷吃猪食嘛。你怎么也饿成这样子了。
Feng Yongqi: She is called Chen Shaochun, raising pigs. Seeing her so
thin, some people said: “How come, you are hungry to such a state?! You
could steal pig’s food since you raise them.”
李泽衡：蛆，厕所里面的蛆，也有人捞出来吃嘛。
Li Zeheng: Some people even took out maggot from toilet for food.
冯永琪：她一边吃一边哭，作为南风合唱团的指挥，当时在云南地下学生运动非常活跃的时候，她是非常活跃的一名女将。指挥大家大合唱很有水平，怎么我在这没有吃的，我要偷猪食吃啊。
Feng Yongqi: She (Chen Shaochun) was crying while eating. As conductor of Nanfeng Chorus she was very active in the students’ underground movement and quite competent in conducting. She thought how she had come to eat pigs’ food to satisfy hunger ?!
胡同增：于是就派我和另外一个护士管浮肿病房。
Hu Tongzeng: Thus a nurse and I were appointed to manage the ward for
dropsy patients.
王元庆：他是天主教徒、是上海震旦（毕业）的，对我们这些人，他冒风险救助人救助了不少。
Wang Qingyuan: He was a Catholic, graduated from Shanghai Zendan
Medical College. At his own risk he rescued many people.
胡同增：我们俩个人管了300多病人，
Hu Tongzeng: We two were in charge of more than 300 patients.
王元庆：我这条命是他就救出来的
Wang Yuanqing: My life was saved by him.
赵汉科：这个李宏头一天，我们一个班的。睡在床上起不来了。（他说）班长我看了病一定好好干。
Zhao Hanke: Li Hong and I were in one class. On the first day, lying in
bed, he was unable to get up, saying: “ Monitor, I will work hard after
seeing a doctor.”
胡同增：有一个姓江的老头也病了，但不太重。他作为清洁工天天去埋死人。
Hu Tongzeng: An old man named Jiang also fell ill, but not serious. As a
cleaner, he had to bury the dead everyday.
赵汉科：抬出来后，人轻的，我们就已经是体重够轻的了，他一床毯子，我们就拿手拎着四个角走，就是一副骨头架子。
Zhao Hanke: When carried out, the body was very light, though we were
already quite light. In a blanket, he was just a skeleton. We walked
carrying the four corners of the blanket.
王元庆：我在医院住着，亲手就埋过三个人。
Wang Qingyuan: Living in hospital, I myself buried three bodies.
胡同增：这个老头子就拉个小推车，摆一把锄头，就推到算农场的公墓吧，叫小吊井。一片荒山坡，就到那去埋。老头子没有劳动力，所以他那个坑根本也挖不深。浅浅地挖了，能把土盖上去就算了，结果晚上狼就来了。
过了几天你从那经过时，这所谓的坟都被狼扒了，那个人骨头东一个
西一个，特别是那骷髅头，骷髅头没有多少肉，那狼都根本不吃。
Hu Tongzeng: The old man pulled a wheelbarrow with a hoe in it to the kind of cemetery of the farm, named Xiaodiaojing, a tract of waste mountain side for burial. With little labor force, the pitches he dup up were quite shallow, just deep enough to put some dirt on the bodies. Wolves came at night and a few days later the so-called graves were pushed aside with human bones here and there, especially the death’s heads were so lack of flesh that wolves did not bother to touch.
解传宝：到了一个月右左。我到小吊井去产草皮烧火的，我就发现杨绍康之位。有一个小牌牌东倒西歪地在那个土堆旁边。只见一 个大腿棒骨，骨头大个大个的在周围，已经肉都没有了。
Xie Chuanbao: In about a month I went there to shovel shod for fuel and found Yang Shaokang’s bier there. A small tablet was by the mound askew. Only a thigh bone was seen with some other unknown big bones around, no flesh.
司机：下面这个地方就叫小吊井。
Driver: The place down is named Xiaodiaojing.
赵汉科：埋了，过了大概有个七八天，他的家属来了，他爱人，带了两个小孩。我们队长在队部门前坐着，他的爱人领着两个小孩在给他讲什么。队长（喊）：赵汉科你过来，我就过去了。我说：干啥？他拎了一个烂板板，啪！往我身上一摔：他说 你给他写！我莫名其妙，我说：写什么？写：右派分子李宏之墓。
Zhao Hanke: Buried, in about seven or eight days his family came, his
wife with two small kids. Our team leader was sitting in front of the team
office and the wife with two kids was talking something to him. The team
leader shouted: “ Come over, Zhao Hanke!” I went up asking for what.
Carrying a rotten board, “pa”, he threw it at me with the words: “Write
for him. Puzzled, I asked “write what?” “Write: rightist Li Hong’s grave.”
司机: 这个地方我很少来了。就把车停在这。这个地方，这一片就叫小吊井。
Driver: Seldom did I come here. Let me park the vehicle here. This tract
of place is called Xiaodiaojing.
解传宝：我心里头感觉“咯噔”一下。哦，杨绍康怪不得是到这来疗养呢。到土堆里疗养呢。
Xie Chuanbao: I felt a pang. Oh, no wonder Yang Shaokang got here for
recuperation, recuperating in the mound!
司机：这面就是埋人的地方，很多坏分子死了就埋在那。找不到的话，最多就是
小土坡。
Driver: This side was the burial, many bad elements were buried here after death. If unable to find, go the mound, at most.
解传宝：两个老人已经老了，就是靠我们来供给他们的生活给点钱。62年浮肿，饿死的，生生地饿死的，肿的就像我偷花生吃，把腿打的走都走不动。妈妈还活过来了，爸爸死掉了，爸爸是劳动人民。1962年大饥荒还没过去呢。
Xie Chuanbao: In advanced age, the two old men were relying on us to give them a bit money for living. They caught dropsy in 1962 and died totally of hunger. They were as swollen as I was when stealing peanuts. Beaten on the legs, they could not walk. The mother survived but the father died. The father was a laboring man. The great famine was not passed in 1962.
李泽衡：（原右派 华侨）我当时还是借机会想跑的，我利用接受我父亲的财产，那我要去了就不回来了。这不是我不爱国，是因为在那里受苦太沉重了。
Li Zeheng (former rightist, an overseas Chinese) I wished to escape of
any opportunities, taking advantage of accepting my father’s property. If I
had gone, I would not have returned. It was not that I did not love my
country, but that I suffered too much there. (21/7, Tue.)
小标题 配偶·符號
Subtitle Spouse---Mark
结婚证 毛主席语录：千万不要忘记阶级斗争
Marriage Certificate Quotation of Chairman Mao’s Works: “Never forget about the class struggle.”
李泽衡：大多数人已经改造若干年了，摘帽子的人也有没摘帽子的人也有。但是要找老婆那是困难的很。
Li Zeheng: Most of the people were already remolded for some years with labels removed or not, but it was rather hard to find a wife.
解传宝：我已经心灰意冷了对这个问题，我是抱着孤寂一生了。但是我这个老岳父比较好，他说：我看重你这个人，你是本本分分的，不管他们说你是反革命、你是什么右派，这些东西我不清楚，但是我看中了你这个人。我的老岳父是当地明以则（村）的老农，是贫下中农。当时他50来岁。我已经35岁了。就是1967年接近新年前，她答应了，67年在大红坡队，通过吴应和队长的同意。我们写了申请，双方面写了申请，他们明以则队也表示同意，然后我们就把申请汇同起来，我们就拿到场部，征得场部保卫科的同意，同意结婚了，我们才敢取结婚证。
Xie Chuanbao: Already downhearted to that problem, I got ready to
remain single all my life. But my father-in-law was quite good, he said:
“ I regard as important you person, you are honest. Whatever they say:
you are counter-revolutionary, you are rightist…I do not quite know such
things, but I do set story by your quality.” My aged father-in-law is an old
peasant in the local Minyize village, a lower-middle peasant. He was in
his 50’s then while I was 35. It was close to the new year of 1967, she
agreed. In Dahongpo production team, with the approval of the team
leader Wu Yinghe, we both wrote application for marriage, and the whole
team agreed. We handed our application to the security section. With their
final approval, we dared get the marriage certificate.
解传宝：我们是67年结婚，到70年我们才生老大，隔了一年又生老二，又隔了两年又生老三。
Xie Chuanbao: We got married in 1967 but had the first child in
1970, in every other year we had the second and the third children.
问： 这就是去加拿大的大女儿吧，（音乐）
Question: This is the older daughter who is in Canada? (music)
解传宝：就是这个，对，隔了两年又生老四。老四现在32岁。
Xie Chuanbao: Yes, it is. In another two years we had the fourth who is
now 32 years old.
孙梓川：你看，这个是中国人民志愿军，这是1952年我入朝的照片。这是我当时当志愿军的时候。（中国人民志愿军胸牌）
Sun Zichuan: Look, this is a Chinese People’s Volunteer solder, it is a picture taken in 1952 when I entered North Korea.( a badge of a C.P.V solder)
解传宝：我们这一号人就挂着牌牌，那个牌牌就像这么大，就像解放军的胸章。是由自己做，就是反映你是什么人，把它写在上面。我当时是右派，我就写右派在这里。其他是坏分子就写坏分子，就像这样。
Xie Chuanbao: People like us wore a plate, as big as Liberation Army’s
chest badge, made by ourselves, indicating what we were with
words on it. As a rightist then, I wrote “rightist” on it. A bad element
should give that name on the plate, just like this.
孙梓川：这是华北解放纪念章，华北的，这是最早的一个了。这个是淮海战役纪念章，这个是渡江纪念章，因为天不亮，是黑的。这个是中南战役纪念章，这个是西南进军纪念章，这个是抗美援朝胜利纪念章。这个是抗美援朝第三年慰问团赠送，这个是比较特殊，这个是在淮海战役胜利纪念章，是我一个战友在临终之前，拿给我，他说作个纪念给你，他在淮海战役中牺牲掉了。所以我就特别爱护它。
Sun Zichuan: This is a souvenir badge of Huabei Area, the earliest one.
And this is the souvenir badge of Huaihai Battle, while that is the badge
of crossing the Yangzi River, it is black for it was dark. This is South
China souvenir badge and that is the one marching into Southwest of
China. This is the souvenir badge of the victory in the War to Resist the
U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, presented by the group sent to convey
greetings and appreciation in the 3rd year of the war, a more special. This is the souvenir badge of the victory in Huaihai Battle, trusted by a comrade-in-arms before his death. He said it was for memory, so I have taken great care of the badge.
汪作民：1962年过去就“四清”。1963、1964、1965、1966到文化大革命了。
（唱） 敬爱的毛主席，我们心中的红太阳，
Wang Zuomin: After 1962, the movement of Siqing (four clean-ups)
came. With the years of 1963,64,65 passing, the Cultural Revolution in
1966 arrived.(singing: Beloved Chairman, the red sun in our heart…)
(Note: four clean-ups was the socialist education movement, a nationwide
movement to clean things up in the fields of politics, economy,
organization and ideology, 1963—1966)
（解说）毛泽东同志是当代最伟大的马克思列宁主义者，毛泽东同志
天才的创造性的全面的，继承捍卫和发展了马克思主义。
(explanation) Comrade Mao Zedong is the greatest Marxist, he’s
comprehensively carried on, defended and developed Marxism with
genius and creation.
汪作民： 文革开始以后，按照当时的规定，地富反坏右是不能参加文革运动的。
Wang Zuomin: At the beginning of the C.R., according to the then
stipulation, landlords, rich peasants, counter-revolutionaries, bad
elements and rightists were not permitted to take part in the movement of
Cultural Revolution.
解传宝：管得非常严那个时候，我们严到什么程度呢？到了任何地方就要三人同行。
Xie Chuanbao: In the period of strict discipline, how strict? Wherever we
went, we had to go in three.
汪作民：农场在管理方面也提出一些要求，提出五个字：服、学、拥、监、新。
服，就是划成右派要口服心服。学，就是马列主义毛泽东思想。拥，拥护共产党拥护毛主席。监，就是互相监督。新，就是重新改造。
Wang Zuomin: The farm gave some requirements in its management with
five words: ‘convince’, ‘study’, ‘support’, ‘supervision’ and ‘new’ The
1st was to be sincerely convinced of getting the label of rightist; the 2nd
was to study Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought; the 3rd was to
support C.P. and Chairman Mao; the 4th was to do mutual supervision; the
5th was to transform one’s world outlook.
孙梓川：有一天我莫名其妙地就把我拉去要我交代。交代什么我也不知道
Sun Zichuan: One day I was inexplicably got to confess something that I
had totally no idea.
解传宝：过去说：三人行必有我师，那个时候三人行互相监督。
Xie Chuanbao: It said in the past that walking with two people you would certainly find a teacher for you. But in that period it was: walking with two people you must supervise one another.
孙梓川：他们就动手打我，打我我也不敢还手，叫我跪下，我就跪着，后来还叫我交代，可我没有什么好交代的，我也没有犯什么错误。
Sun Zichuan: They hit me free and I dared not fight back. I had to kneel
when told. And they made me confess the crime I never committed.
解传宝：你哪个说上一句什么话，只要三人为证，听着就会给领导反映。
Xie chuanbao: Whoever said anything that three people could prove,
they would report to the leaders.
孙梓川：后来他们把我吊在门上头，脚下坠了个大土基。坠着。
Sun Zichuan: Later they hanged me up to the door with a big pack of dirt
so as to let me suspended.
解传宝：他说了什么反动的话，有什么抵触情绪，对监督改造不满。
Xie Chuanbao: What reactionary words he said, what resentment he had
and what dissatisfaction he had to transform under surveillance.
孙梓川：最后呢，交代什么我也不知道，他们也不知道让我交代什么，就这样不了了之。
Sun Zichuan: In the end, I knew nothing to confess and they themselves did not know either what I should confess, thus, it ended up with nothing definite.
汪作民：文化大革命不但革我们的命， 他们农场干部互相之间也革命了， 他们出现两派了，场部的干部你斗我我斗你，那个大字报铺天盖地。
Wang Zuomin: The C.R. not only revolutionized us but also made the
cadres in the farm revolutionize each other---they separated into two
factions fighting one another, big-character posters being all over the
place.
刘加强：当时一下子来了，说我父亲是特务。
Liu Jiaqiang: Suddenly they said that my father was a spy.
钟履鸿：我们属于当官的，批过来，斗过去。游街，带高帽子。
Zhong Luhong: We were sort of officials with being criticized this way
or that way---paraded through the streets with a high hat.
刘加强：所以我就不跟父亲讲话，家都不回。
Liu Jiaqiang: So I did not talk to my father and even did not go home.
1：00
One o’clock
问： 为什么要整你呢？
Question: For what did they take you as the target of criticism and attack?
钟履鸿：走资本主义道路的当权派。
Zhong Luhong: I was accused of a person in power taking capitalist road.
问： 你走资本主义道路了吗？
Question: Did you take capitalist road?
钟履鸿：哪个知道资本主义道路怎么走？
Zhong Luhong: Who should have known how to take the capitalist road?
汪作民：人家开会你干什么呢？还得喊你干活，汪作民你出工拿着这个，等于多了个负担。扛个锄头还提个这个东西。当时要写，凡是反动的东西，你不打他就不倒，每天换，这牌子是原始的。
Wang Zuomin: What were we doing while others were having a
meeting? We were made to do the labor. “Wang Zuomin, you must take
this (plate) which was actually a burden---carrying a hoe, I had to take
that thing. It was required to write: “All the reactionary things must be
attacked, otherwise they will never be overthrown.” (Mao’s words) The
plate we had to carry were changed everyday.
赵汉科：我不行就抓阶级斗争。生产干好了是阶级斗争抓的好，生产干坏了是阶级敌人破坏。
Zhao Hanke: Being incapable in leading production, I had to take the
charge of grassing class struggle. When production was good, it was
owed to an effective grasp of class struggle; when production got poor, it
was considered that the class enemy’s sabotage.
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