Below is an extraordinary rebuttal to Carma
Hinton and Morning Sun by a courageous
woman who personally confronted Mao
Zedong at the beginning of the Cultural
Revolution and told him that sanctioning
Red Guard violence made him like Adolph
Hitler.
红卫兵——毛分子——反人类
—— 分析一个为文革张目的野蛮网站
王容芬
Red Guards, Maoists, Misanthropes
Analyzing a barbaric Cultural Revolution Web site
By Wang Rongfen
点http://www.morningsun.org/, 地址栏里先弹出一个幽灵般的毛泽东头像。这东西对我的刺激，不比犹太人见到希特勒的幽灵弱。
Logging onto the http://www.morningsun.org/ Web site, one is first greeted by a ghost-like image of Mao Zedong. In me this provokes a reaction something like what I imagine Jews feel upon encountering an image of Hitler.
这个叫“八九点钟的太阳”的网站，自己定位成研究文革的学术网站：“探讨文化大革命（约从1964年到1976年）的起源和历史。它不以编年记事的方式来综述文革，它侧重于展示个人故事和家庭遭遇，整理繁杂零散的文革遗物，分析复杂矛盾的行为和记忆，以此来发掘文革历史的内涵。”一路看完，却没找到一丁点探讨、分析、发掘的踪影，没一篇论文，连一条文革研究的报道都没有，有的只是文革中的招贴、宣传和网站自己制作的宣传品，如一个怪怪的女人声音一个字一个字地教美国人反反复复说“毛—主—席—万—岁”。
This Web site, entitled “Morning Sun,” describes itself as devoted to scholarly research on the Cultural Revolution: "A range of techniques and perspectives are used in the Morning Sun website to reflect on the origins and history of the Cultural Revolution (c.1964-1976). We approach the period not from a simplistic linear perspective, but from a panoptic one, encompassing a broad overview while allowing the user to focus in on individual histories, narratives and events that reveal the complex contradictory forces that led to an era of unrivalled revolutionary fervor and political turmoil."
In my browsing of the Web site, however, I have not found any exploration, analysis or unearthing of facts, not a single treatise or research report, but only posters and propaganda from the Cultural Revolution period, as well as the Web site's own promotional material, and a very strange female voice repeatedly instructing Americans how to say the Chinese words for "Long - Live - Chairman - Mao."
（一）一个歌颂毛泽东、展览暴力的文革网站
1) A Web site dedicated to the exhibition of violence and praise of Mao
该网站宣传毛泽东、文革、红卫兵，尽管事实俱在，笔者对这三位一体的认知与该网站毫无共识。1979年中共曾经彻底否定过的文革如今又被其后人翻了过来，为文革1、2、3号人物翻案之风甚嚣尘上。鉴于尚无公认的标准，解析这个网站只好依从案例法。效法文革的红色高棉统治，犯下反人类罪，其要犯已被送交联合国反人类罪法庭；文革作孽比红色高棉范围更广，持续更久，是一场空前的反人类大屠杀。文革要犯毛泽东是红色高棉的导师，在两案中都是首恶。老天爷放过毛泽东和波尔布特，历史不会饶恕他们。至于毛泽东的红卫兵，其杀人之多，手段之恶，为害之劣，都远甚于希特勒的青年党卫军，实属反人类暴力组织。用这个标准解析“八九点钟的太阳”网站，它从形式到内容都是挂蛇头卖毒药，就像它的网址一样，挂着毛泽东和红卫兵的蛇头，贩卖文革暴力的毒药，以耻为荣，以恶为德。
The facts that the Web site presents regarding Mao Zedong, the Cultural Revolution and the Red Guards have nothing in common with what I know of them. The Chinese government's thorough repudiation of the Cultural Revolution in 1979 has now been turned on its head, and a reversal of the verdicts on the top three people blamed for the Revolution has caused an uproar. Given the lack of consensus, analysis of this Web site is best performed on a case-by-case basis. The Khmer Rouge, following the example of the Cultural Revolution, committed gross crimes against humanity for which its officials are now being tried by a United Nations tribunal. The evil performed during the Cultural Revolution was on a much grander scale than that of the Khmer Rouge and lasted even longer; it was genocide on an unprecedented scale. The prime instigator of the Cultural Revolution, Mao Zedong, was the tutor of the Khmer Rouge and therefore the principal culprit in both atrocities. Heaven may have let Mao and Pol Pot off lightly, but history will never forgive them. As for Mao's Red Guards, the number of people they killed, the heinousness of their methods and the severity of their crimes far outstrips that of the Hitler Youth and qualifies them as a group dedicated to violent acts against humanity. Using this standard as a basis for analysis, the information that makes up the Morning Sun Web site is an advertisement for poison, in which the images of Mao Zedong and the Red Guards are used to peddle the toxic violence of the Cultural Revolution, giving glory to shame and portraying evil as the highest morality.
1. 网站首页: 毛泽东万岁！
The Web site home page: Long live Mao Zedong!
网站作者借来文革中《人民画报》的一期封面：舞台上，一个中国家庭在演唱，从小到大8个中国人，个个戴毛像章挎串联包，胸前一本小红书，满脸幸福，嘴张得大大的。指挥唱歌的是个三四岁的孩子，腰里系着的皮带是红卫兵抽人的武器。歌词写在悬在他们头上的巨幅毛泽东像下面：毛主席万岁。网页背景是毛泽东语录，道出网站名字的出处：“你们青年人……好像早晨八九点种的太阳。”小小画面，塞了9个毛泽东头像，加上地址栏和标题栏，大大小小11个“毛泽东”向读者挑衅：毛泽东不死，毛泽东万岁。
The creators of the Web site have borrowed a cover photo from a Cultural Revolution-era issue of "Renmin Huabao" depicting a Chinese family performing a song on stage. Eight Chinese people are lined up from youngest to oldest; each wears a Mao badge and clutches a Little Red Book, their faces glowing with happiness and their lips parted in wide smiles. Leading them is song is a child of three or four around whose waist is wrapped the kind of leather belt with which Red Guards whipped their victims. The words to the song they're singing are emblazoned beneath the enormous Mao portrait that hangs on the wall behind them: Long live Chairman Mao. The "wallpaper" of the homepage is quotations from Mao Zedong, highlighting the phrase from which the Web site draws its name: "You young people... are like the morning sun."
2. 喧嚣的文革歌曲、电视、电影
A clamor of Cultural Revolution songs, television programs and films
栏目的名称反映网站的立场，第一栏叫“革命生活”，展示文革初期卡玛精心收集的音乐和画面。文革收音机反复播送“造反有理”等语录歌、毛泽东诗词歌、毛泽东颂歌（“北京的金山上”和“大 海航行靠舵手”）、样板戏选段以及歌颂红卫兵和文革的歌曲“我们是毛主席的红卫兵”、“无产阶级文化大革命就是好”、 “学习16条说唱”。唯一的解说辞是没完没了的“毛主席万岁!万岁！万岁！万岁！”
The Morning Sun site map reflects the Web site's position. The first section is entitled "Living Revolution," and exhibits music and photographs collected by Carma Hinton from the early years of the Cultural Revolution. It includes radio broadcasts of revolutionary songs, anthems and poems praising Mao, such as "Sailing the Seas Depends on the Helmsman," and selections from model operas and songs extolling the Red Guards and the Cultural Revolution, such as "I am Chairman Mao's Red Guard," "The Proletarian Cultural Revolution is Good" and "Let's Study the Sixteen Points."
除了文革收音机，还有文革电视机，6个频道。逐一看了，记载下来，与君共赏。
There is also a "Cultural Revolution Television" showing six "channels" of clips:
1频道，画面是 毛泽东 在天安门上检阅游行队伍，配以语录大合唱“领导我们事业的核心力量是中国共产党，指导我们思想的理论基础是马克思列宁的主义”。十几只嗓子齐喊“共产党万岁！毛主席万岁！万岁！万岁！万万岁！”
Channel 1: "A colossal parade in Tiananmen Square celebrates the cult of Mao." The accompanying recording is of a chorus singing, "The force at the core leading our cause forward is the Chinese Communist Party. The theoretical basis guiding our thinking is Marxism-Leninism," followed by shouts of "Long live the Communist Party!" and "Long love Chairman Mao! Long live! Long live! Long live!"
2频道，舞台上一个穿阿尔巴尼亚民族服装的女人唱万岁毛主席，两个男人手鼓和手风琴伴奏。解说词：“我们最亲密的战友阿尔巴尼亚同志演唱歌颂毛主席的歌曲：在世界各地，亿万群众同声把您歌唱，毛主席啊， 您是世界革命的舵手，世界人民永远把您歌唱。”然后是“毛主席万岁”的拖腔儿。
Channel 2: A woman in Albanian costume sings, accompanied by two similarly costumed male musicians. A transcript of the accompanying narration reads, "Our closest comrades-in-arms, comrades from Albania, are performing a song in praise of Chairman Mao. Everywhere around the world, tens of millions of masses sing in one voice for you. Chairman Mao, you are the helmsman for the world revolution! People around the world will sing for you forever!" The song is followed by repeated shouts of "Long live Chairman Mao!"
3频道，画面是天安门前的游行队伍，街上的巨幅毛招贴画，大串连，男女老少手捧小红书。 大海航行靠舵手的乐曲中，一个女人解说：“我们伟大领袖毛主席亲自发动领导的文 化大革取得了辉煌的胜利，在我国各地，到处是一片热气腾腾的革命景象，到处都闪耀着毛泽东思想的金光。”
Channel 3: The film clip shows a parade in Tiananmen Square, huge posters of Mao in the streets and large groups of people of all ages reading their Little Red Books. A woman narrates, "The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, personally launched and led by our great leader Chairman Mao, has achieved glorious success. Everywhere around our nation, revolutionary scenes seethe with activity. Everywhere shines the golden light of Mao Zedong Thought."
4频道，“毛主席万岁”喊声延续所有画面：毛泽东和张玉凤挎着胳膊在天安门城楼上走来，接见红卫兵 ，下面一张张激动的孩子脸，挥舞小红书的胳膊。
Channel 4: Shouts of "Long live Chairman Mao" ring over a film clip showing Mao Zedong arm-in-arm with “personal secretary” Zhang Yufeng on Tiananmen Gate reviewing a rally of more than a million Red Guards. Below is shown a sea of ecstatic young faces and dancing arms waving Little Red Books.
5频道，乱七八糟的画面，呜咽的汽笛。女人解说：“在毛主席最新指示鼓舞下， 全国展开了一个上山下乡的大动员，开始了一场波兰状阔的伟大进军。革命的家长们，怀着对毛主席的无限忠心，把子女送到乡下当农民。毛主席的最新指示是反修防 锈的百年大计千年大计，是革命青年前进道路上的指路明。再见，祝你们在光阔的天地里这锻炼成长，再见，祝你们沿着毛主席指引的光明大道奋勇前进。”
Channel 5: A hodgepodge of footage accompanied by the scream of a train whistle. A female narrator says, “Chairman Mao’s latest directive has inspired a nation of young people to go to the countryside. A great campaign is unfolding on a magnificent scale. Revolutionary parents, imbued with loyalty to Chairman Mao, are sending their children to the countryside to be farmers. Chairman Mao’s great plan is to combat and prevent revisionism for a thousand years; it is the beacon lighting the advance of revolutionary youth. Farewell, you will learn and grow in the vast countryside! Farewell, you will advance along the bright broad road led by Chairman Mao.”
6频道，在敬祝毛主席万寿无疆的标题下，展示 不同年龄的6种毛像 ，全都配放金光，精心造神。
Channel 6: Accompanied by wishes for long life, six portraits of Mao Zedong at different stages of his life are presented, each radiating with a godlike glow.
除了文革电视，还可以点播宣扬阶级斗争和无产阶级专政的文革电影“红色娘子军”、“红灯记”、“海港”、“千万不要另忘记”、“青松岭”、“半夜鸡叫”、“金光大道”以及“列宁在1918”。
Apart from the Cultural Revolutionary television, it is also possible to view short clips from films promoting class struggle and the Proletarian Cultural Revolution, such as "The Red Detachment of Women," "The Red Lantern," "On the Docks," "Never Forget," "Pine Ridge," "A Rooster Crows at Midnight," "Golden Road" and "Lenin in 1918."
网站在这个栏目里还自创了《25个怎么办（对照毛主席语录找答案）》，画面内容与题目对不上号，网站自己的解说词是： 生活中遇到困难怎么办？听到反动言论怎么办？......：放之四海而皆准的毛泽东思想可以解答一切疑难和困惑。《活学活用毛主席著作》小折子可供随身携带，以便随时解惑答疑。——这不是资料展示，而是后文革时代毛分子的布道。
The Web site also presents "Ask Chairman Mao for the Answers," but there is some discrepancy between the description and the actual feature. The Web site description runs: "How should you resolve problems in your daily life? What should you do when you hear reactionary speech?... Mao Zedong Thought can answer all your questions and problems. This pamphlet, "Living by the Book," can be carried with you as a reference." This is not a display of material from that time, but rather the evangelizing of Maoists from the post-Cultural Revolution era.
《文革英文课》只有一课，网站的解说词是： “教育为无产阶级政治服务”，毛泽东的教育方针统帅学校。当年的中小学生们，还记得自己曾用过的“革命教材”中的只言片语吗？原来是网站作者的回忆！
The section entitled "English Lessons" includes only one lesson, described as "education in service to proletarian politics" under the leadership of Mao Zedong. Do primary and secondary school students from that era remember any of the words and phrases learned in those "revolutionary teaching materials"? It turns out this is the recollection of the Web site's creator!
[Translator's note: The English version of the Web site observes disparagingly: "Even those who could speak had to parrot inanities; those who studied English had to learn the simple lessons of Mao Thought as applied to such topics as race relations in the U.S."]
3. 践踏人权的画面：砸烂旧世界！
Depicting Trampling on Human Rights: Smash the Old World!
这个栏目收了18条文革文章，分别列在“教育改革”、“破四旧”、“打倒黑帮”、“串联”、“人间奇迹”标题之下，除了对“破四旧”和“人间奇迹”稍有微词外，其余都在颂扬之列。
This section of the Web site presents written materials and photographs from the Cultural Revolution, accompanied by a "Library" of 18 articles divided up under the headings "Educational Reform," "Smashing the Four Olds," "Overthrowing Reactionaries," "Establishing Ties" and "Human Miracles." Apart from the subtle criticism offered in "Smashing the Four Olds" and "Human Miracles," all of the essays are laudatory.
[Translator's note: The English version of the Web site includes English translations of some of these essays, but under different category headings, and also includes essays by Western scholars.]
这个栏目里收的48张照片惨无人道，红卫兵施暴令人发指，网站只做了笼统说明，没有亲历文革的人，很难知道这些画面的内涵。网站负责人卡玛通中文，也知道照片上的某些公众人物或知名宗教建筑，但没对任何一张照片做片语说明。
The 48 photographs collected in this section are brutal depictions of Red Guard violence that makes one's blood boil. The Web site makes only a sweeping statement at the introduction of the section; there are no comments from people who actually experienced the Cultural Revolution, and no explanations of the background of the photos. The Web site creator, Carma Hinton, knows Chinese and knows about some of the public figures and famous religious sites depicted, but there is not a single description of any of the photos.
尤其令人不解的是，这个栏目下的“江青点批电影”，用江青的话批判了《五朵金花》等11部电影，网站未做一字说明。试举几例，看江青批的都叫什么：
Even more inexplicable is the Web site's inclusion of "Jiang Qing's Denunciation of Feature Films," which quotes Jiang Qing's criticism of 11 films without further comment. Here is a sampling of Jiang Qing's criticisms:
《英雄虎胆》“美化特务阿兰，跳摇摆舞一场是资产阶级生活大展览，歪曲了侦察部队形象。雷参谋化装后，比敌人还象敌人。剿匪不靠发动群众，只靠派进去，与《林海雪原》都是学苏联的。”
Hero in the Bandit's Den: "It prettifies the agent Ah Lan. That dance scene is an egregious display of the bourgeois lifestyle. It distorts the image of the underground [Party] agent. Made up, Commander Lei looks more like the enemy than the enemy. Wiping out the bandits is done without mobilizing the masses. It's all about sending people in. Like Snow in the Forest this [kind of depiction] comes from the Soviet Union."
《我们村里的年轻人》“写三角恋爱，四对，歪曲农村青年的精神面貌，没英雄形象，尽是中间人物。丑化革命干部，老社长是老保守，会计是反面人物。”
The Young People in Our Village: "It depicts four couples in triangular relationships and in the process distorts the [revolutionary] spiritual mien of youth in the country. There are no heroic figures; they are all middle-of-the-road characters. It vilifies revolutionary cadres; the older head of the commune is depicted as a stick in the mud; the accountant is made out to be a negative character."
《五朵金花》“整个影片写了一男一女，别人都是陪衬他们谈恋爱的。对少数民族不说他们进步，政治成长，精神面貌的变化，尽是吃喝谈恋爱。情歌（也）很有问题。”
Five Golden Flowers: "The whole film is about one couple; everyone else is merely there to highlight their love affair. In regard to the ethnic minorities there is no attempt to depict them making any progress, their political maturation or the changes in their outlook. All they do is eat, drink and fall in love. All those love songs are [also] very problematic."
《雷锋》“有缺点。把雷锋的好事都集中到一天来做，不合理。影片中毛主席画像不好，是政治性错误。将雷锋之好事由中间人物王大力来继承，不好。防洪指挥部主任的形象也不好。他对雷锋说：‘好接班人’，结果雷锋就死了，这不好。”
Lei Feng: "It has faults. It is unreasonable to squeeze all of his good acts into just one day. The portrait of the Chairman in the film is bad; it constitutes a political error. It's no good that Lei Feng's legacy of good deeds is taken up by Wang Dali, a middle-of-the-road character. The portrayal of the head of the flood crisis operations team is inappropriate. He says to Lei Feng, 'You're a good successor [to the revolutionary cause],' but then he ends up dying. That's just wrong.'"
《大李、小李和老李》“低级、庸俗。把故事安排在屠场，是别有用心的。影射我们象猪一样被宰。写干部不是胖猪就是瘦猴，把车间主任关在冷藏室，把干部写得象猪一样。”
Big Li, Little Li and Old Li: "Crass and vulgar. To set the film in an abattoir is itself devious. It hints that we will be slaughtered like pigs. The cadres are either fat pigs or skinny monkeys. They lock the workshop head in the freezer; all the cadres are made out to be like swine."
《野火春风斗古城》“ 杨晓东在关键时刻软弱；金环象泼妇，拔簪刺敌人不合理；银环是中间人物，屡犯错误，与杨晓东一见钟情，过分写了这段爱情。杨母三次出场，两次是给儿子说媳妇，歪曲了革命母亲的形象。”
Struggle for an Ancient City in the Fire and Winds of Spring: "Yang Xiaodong betrays weakness at a crucial moment; Jin Huan is like a fishwife: there's that silly scene when she stabs the enemy with her hair pin. Yin Huan is a middle-of-the-road character who constantly makes mistakes, and she falls in love the moment she lays eyes on Yang Xiaodong. Far too much time is devoted to their relationship. Two of the three times that Yang's mother appears it's to talk about her daughter-in-law. This is a distortion of the image of a revolutionary mother."
后面的红太阳、历史舞台、东方红等栏目，虽是未完成稿，已经塞进造神的大型音乐舞蹈剧《东方红》和全部样板戏的录像。个人崇拜的《东方红》被解说成：一首民间爱情小调演化为领袖的“圣歌”，《东方红》乐曲曾经响彻各种游行集会，统领着亿万人的起居和劳作，以致跟随着中国第一颗人造卫星升入太空，响彻寰宇。它塑造了神话，改写了历史，树立了一代人的信仰。为了加强造神效果，网站让《东方红》歌词在几个栏目反复出现。
Following are more sections entitled "Reddest Red Sun," "Stages of History" and "The East is Red," which although still under construction are already crammed with the epic revolutionary ballet "The East is Red," including a full video recording accompanied by transcripts in English and Chinese. The personality cult vehicle is described as "start(ing) out as a peasant love song... you can follow its progress to becoming a call to arms in the Anti-Japanese War, and a paean extolling Chairman Mao, the savior of the Chinese people... This stage production presented a creation myth, an historical vision, a belief system, and a moral landscape in which the generation of the Cultural Revolution came of age." The Web site strengthens the impact of the opera by presenting it in different contexts in several different sections.
（二）铁杆毛分子
网站主要作者卡玛不是青春期少女了，一个活过多半个世纪的美国人，如此狂热地宣传毛泽东和红卫兵，为反人类的文化大革命张目，和她自己及其家族的历史分不开。陈葆昆老师被打死的时候，卡玛是101中学高一学生，参加了造反，外国专家局有她造反的足迹，外语学院有被她欺侮诬陷直至入狱的欧裔教师和家属。那时她叫卡玛丽达，60岁以上的北京人，很少不知道这个名字的，它比宋要武、彭小蒙们响亮，仅次于蒯大富、王大宾们。卡玛丽达是外籍人员子女造反派的头头，人民日报上有她的照片。
A Dyed-in-the Wool Maoist
The producer of the Web site, Carma Hinton, is no adolescent girl, but a mature American woman in her 50s. Her enthusiastic promotion of Mao Zedong and the Red Guards and the inhuman Cultural Revolution is closely related to her family history. When teacher Chen Baokun was beaten to death, Hinton was an upper-classman at the No. 101 Middle School. She took part in the rebellion, and the Bureau of Foreign Experts had tracked her participation. The Foreign Languages Institute had a European professor and his family who were humiliated and framed by her and ultimately imprisoned. At that time she was known as Carmelita, and residents of Beijing aged 60 or older are invariably familiar with her name. She was better known at that time than Song Binbin (renamed Yaowu) or Peng Xiaomeng, and was second only to people such as Kuai Dafu and Wang Dabing. Carmelita was the leader of the rebels among the foreign youth, and her photograph was published in People's Daily.
卡玛丽达的母亲史克是外国人里的聂元梓，1966年8月31日，史克和卡玛的姑妈寒春、姑父阳早等4人贴出了所谓“外国专家的第一张马列主义大字报”，炮轰外国专家局的“牛鬼蛇神”，咄咄逼人抗议给他们的优厚待遇，强调他们的后代“必须成为坚强可靠的革命接班人，而决不允许他们变成修正主义分子”，为此要求批准他们和他们的孩子参加“革命运动”。下面是这张御批马列大字报的抄件，其措辞比聂元梓们的更带杀气，又添了几分西方人少见的媚气 :
Carmelita's mother Bertha Sneck was the prime muckraker among China's foreign residents. On August 31, 1966, she and Carma's aunt, Joan Hinton, and Joan's husband, Erwin Engst, put up what they called the "first Marxist big character poster by foreign experts," attacking the "cow demons and snake spirits" in the Bureau of Foreign Experts. They aggressively protested the generous terms of their employment and stressed that their children "must become staunch and dependable successors to the revolution, and must not be allowed to become revisionists," and on that basis demanded that they and their children participate in "revolutionary activities." Following is an excerpt from that Marxist big character poster, the wording of which incorporated a unique Western flavor into a stridency matching the most radical Chinese activists:
给外国专家局的大字报
Big Character Poster Directed at the Bureau of Foreign Experts
为什么在世界革命的心脏工作的外国人被推上修正主义的道路？？？是哪个牛鬼蛇神指使给外国人这种待遇？在中国工作的外国人，不论他是哪个阶级，不论他对革命是什么态度，都受到这种“五无二有”的待遇：“五无”：一，没有体力劳动；二，没有思想改造；三，没有接触工农兵机会；四，不搞阶级斗争；五，不搞生产斗争。“二有”：一，有特高生活待遇；二，有各方面的特殊化。
Why have foreigners working at the heart of world revolution been pushed onto the road of revisionism??? Which cow demons and snake spirits have ordered this treatment for foreigners? Foreigners working in China, regardless of which class they belong to or what attitude they have toward revolution, have all received the same treatment of "five nos and two haves": The "five nos": 1) No physical labor; 2) no thought reform; 3) no opportunity for contact with workers, peasants or soldiers; 4) no class struggle; 5) no production struggle. The "two haves": 1) high remuneration; 2) all manner of privileges.
制定这种待遇是什么思想支配的？这不是毛泽东思想，这是赫鲁晓夫思想，是修正主义的思想，这是剥削阶级思想。这样做的目的是什么？结果又是什么呢？1.使要革命的外国人不能掌握毛泽东思想，只能在口头上说条条；2.使革命的外国人革命意志衰退，滑到修正主义道路上去；3.阻碍在中国的外国小孩成长为坚强的革命者；4.把革命的外国人和他们的中国阶级兄弟隔离开，破坏他们的阶级感情，破坏无产阶级国际主义。我们认为这不是个别人的问题，而是关系到世界革命的原则的问题，我们坚决反对这种待遇。
On what ideological basis has this treatment been established? It is not Mao Zedong thought, it is Khruschev thought, it is revisionist thought, it is the ideology of class exploitation. What is the purpose of doing this? What is the result? 1) It makes foreigners who want revolution unable to grasp Mao Zedong thought, and only able to parrot its precepts; 2) It causes a decline in the revolutionary will of revolutionary foreigners, so that they slide onto the road of revisionism; 3) It hinders China's foreign children from growing into staunch revolutionaries. 4) It causes segregation between revolutionary foreigners and their Chinese class brethren, destroys their class sentiment, destroys proletarian internationalism. We feel this is not someone else's problem, but is a problem that affects the principles of world revolution, and we firmly oppose this kind of treatment.
我们决心要成为坚强的革命者，成为坚定的反修战士。为了把反对美帝国主义的斗争进行到底，我们决心锻炼和考验我们自己。我们的后代必须成为坚强可靠的革命接班人，而决不允许他们变成修正主义分子。
We resolutely desire to become staunch revolutionaries and steadfast warriors against revisionism. In order to advance the struggle against American imperialism to the end, we are determinedly engaging in physical exercise and testing ourselves. Our children must become staunch and dependable successors to the revolution, and must not be allowed to become revisionists.
因此我们要求：1.以阶级兄弟看待我们，而不是以资产阶级专家看待我们；2.允许并鼓励我们参加体力劳动；3.帮助我们进行思想改造；4.允许并鼓励我们紧密地结合工农群众；5.允许并鼓励我们参加三大革命运动；6.我们的孩子和中国的孩子，受到同样的待遇和严格的要求；7.生活待遇和同级的中国工作人员一样；8.取消特殊化。只有这样，我们才有可能成为毛主席所要求的革命者。
For this reason we make the following demands: 1) Treat us as class brethren and not as capitalist experts; 2) Allowed and encourage us to take part in physical labor; 3) Help us undergo thought reform; 4) Allow and encourage us to closely integrate with the worker and peasant masses; 5) Help and encourage us to take part in the three great revolutionary activities; 6) Our children and the children of China should receive the same treatment and the same strict demands; 7) Our living standards should be the same as Chinese workers of the same class; 8) Abolish all privileges. Only in this way can we become the revolutionaries required by Chairman Mao.
伟大的无产阶级文化大革命万岁！世界人民大团结万岁！伟大的战无不胜的毛泽东思想万岁！中国人民、世界无产阶级及被压迫人民、被压迫民族的伟大领袖毛泽东同志万岁！万万岁！！
Long live the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution! Long live the great unity of the peoples of the world! Long live the great and invincible Mao Zedong Thought! Long live Comrade Mao Zedong, great leader of the Chinese people, of the oppressed world proletariat and of the oppressed peoples of the world! Long live!
美国：阳早、史克、寒春、汤普金森 1966年8月29日1
U.S.A.: Yang Zao [Erwin Engst], Shi Ke [Bertha Sneck], Han Chun [Joan Hinton], Tangpu Jinsen [Ann Tomkins], August 29, 1966
这些拉丁文化圈里长大的西方成年人，究竟被何种心理驱使而造反？几个美国人，跑到闹市表白自己的廉洁，不惜在被架起来烧烤的外文局领导下面添一把猛柴，没与同事们商议，就代表在中国的外国人把生活品质降下来，并代表所有的外国人向暴君表忠心。我不信他们上当受骗，利令智昏才干得出这种丢人现眼损祖德的勾当。
What kind of psychological urges led these Western adults, raised in Latinate intellectual circles, to become rebels? A group of Americans running to the heart of the city to vindicate themselves, not hesitating to fuel the flames licking the feet of the head of the Foreign Language Bureau, not conferring with their colleagues, speaking for China's foreigners in calling for a decline in their living standards, and speaking for all foreigners in pledging loyalty to a tyrant. I do not believe that they were duped and misled; only being blinded by lust for gain could lead them to make such fools of themselves and act in a way so shaming to their ancestors.
9月8日，毛泽东对史克等人的大字报作了批示：
On September 8, Mao Zedong wrote a memo on the big character poster by Bertha Sneck and the others:
“林彪、总理、陈毅、陶铸、伯达五同志：
To Comrades Lin Biao, Premier [Zhao Enlai], Chen Yi, Tao Zhu and [Chen] Boda:
我同意这张大字报，外国革命专家及其孩子，要同中国人完（全）一样，不许两样，请你们讨论一下，凡自愿的，一律同样做。如何请酌定。”2
I agree with this big character poster; foreign revolutionary experts and their children must be treated the same as Chinese and not differently. Please discuss this among yourselves and make all things the same. Please decide how to go about it.
御批下来，卡玛家族如愿以偿，兴高采烈。卡玛的姑妈寒春在“揭发批判外国专家局资产阶级反动路线”大会上高呼毛泽东是救世主：“现在，我们听到了毛主席的声音！毛主席没有框框，他是全世界人民的解放者，他无限相信人民能够自己解放自己。毛主席只用了几个字就把反革命修正主义者分裂世界无产阶级的阴谋诡计砸得稀巴烂！我们摆脱了枷锁！大门向我们敞开了！现在靠我们自己去游泳了！”3
Under this imperial edict, Carma's family jubilantly found their wishes fulfilled. Carma's aunt, Joan Hinton, proclaimed Mao Zedong savior of the world in a meeting to "expose and criticize the capitalist reactionary road of the Foreign Experts Bureau": "Now we hear Chairman Mao's voice! Chairman Mao has no boundaries, he is the liberator of all the peoples of the world, he unreservedly believes the people can liberate themselves. With just a few words, Chairman Mao has smashed to smithereens the schemes and intrigues of the counterrevolutionary revisionists causing division among the proletariat of the world. We have shaken off our fetters! The door has been opened to us! Now it is up to us to swim on our own!"
卡玛家族如愿以偿，和中国人一样投入了文革暴力。人民日报曾经登过卡玛丽达和一群外国专家子女参加大串联回到北京的照片，冠以偷梁换柱的标题：“卡玛丽达?辛顿夫人率美国青年代表团到京”。
Carma Hinton's family was allowed to fulfill their wishes to join the Chinese in the violence of the Cultural Revolution. The People's Daily published a photograph of Carma and other children of foreign experts returning to Beijing after participating in the big link-up of the Red Guards, with the deceptive caption, "Carmelita Hinton leads a delegation of American youths to Beijing."
1971年，美中刚刚开始对话，卡玛的父亲韩丁即被周恩来请到中国，一住就是七个月，其间5次奉召采访周恩来，卡玛和她的继母雷周安每次都在场，经常在场的有卡玛的奶奶、生母、姑妈、姑父。在寂寞的外事舞台上，韩丁家族与波尔布特、乔森潘们轮番出场，成为这个被世人唾弃的野蛮国家的上宾。长时间采访中，周恩来介绍了文革的起因、目的，让韩丁去王光美蹲点的桃园了解刘少奇夫妇的罪行，说了很多表明他与五一六分子不共戴天的话，点了北外学生刘令凯等的名字。那时最早贴周恩来大字报的钢院学生张建旗已被枪毙，号称“宽大无边”的周恩来犹不解气，在全国掀起了清查五一六运动，造成文革中最大规模、持续最久的白色恐怖，直到文革结束，才不了了之。4
In 1971, the United States had just embarked on its dialogue with China. Zhao Enlai invited Carma's father, William Hinton, back to China, and during the seven months of his visit, Hinton was summoned to see Zhao five times, with Carma and her stepmother, Joanne Raiford, accompanying him each time. Often Carma's paternal grandmother, Carmelita Hinton, as well as her mother, aunt and uncle were also present. On the lonely foreign affairs stage, the Hinton family appeared with Cambodia's Pol Pot and Khieu Samphan, serving as guests of honor in barbarous countries spurned by the rest of the world. During the lengthy interviews with Hinton, Zhao Enlai explained the origins and goals of the Cultural Revolution and allowed Hinton to visit Wang Guangmei, the widow of Liu Shaoqi, to gain an understanding of Liu's crimes. He also said a great deal to distance himself from the "counterrevolutionaries," in particular Liu Lingkai, a student at the Beijing Foreign Studies University. At that time, Zhang Jianqi, a student at the Metallurgy Institute who had early on put up a big character poster criticizing Zhao Enlai, had been executed, and Zhao, who had the reputation of erring on the side of mercy, was still not placated, but launched a national movement to purge counterrevolutionaries that became the most wide-scale and long-lasting white terror movement, continuing right up until the end of the Cultural Revolution.
回国后，韩丁急急忙忙做了两件事，一是创建美中人民友好协会，担任第一任主席；二是出版《新中国》杂志，发表他采访周恩来的文章，宣传中国的无产阶级文化大革命，成为帮助中共输出文革暴力的铁杆儿毛分子。幸亏此人只为稻梁谋，没有造下红色高棉、德国赤军旅的血孽。
After returning to China, William Hinton busied himself with two matters: one was to create a U.S.-China Friendship Association, of which he became the founding chairman, and the second was to publish “New China” Magazine, in which he included an article about his meetings with Zhao Enlai, publicized China's Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution and became an iron-clad Maoist helping China export the violence of the Cultural Revolution. Fortunately Hinton was only a fellow-traveler and did not personally take part in the evil committed by Mao's disciples in the Khmer Rouge or the Baader-Meinhof Gang.
青春期的卡玛丽达接受了“老子英雄儿好汉”的信仰，年过半百的卡玛依然端着韩丁、史克用过的吃饭家伙，不遗余力、无孔不入地宣传他们家曾经的好光景，显摆跟着伟大领袖造反收罗的暴力家当。宣传暴力是卡玛等人拍摄影片《八九点钟的太阳》之衷，网站的电影栏目八九点钟的太阳直接用韩丁当年采访周恩来的问题来介绍这部文革片子的目的：展示文化大革命的起因和历史。影片借一个真脸假名的家伙说出了制作人憋在心里的话：“他们的父母杀了我们的父母，我们就要杀他们。”姑且不说他们的父母是否杀了你们的父母，你们杀他们足以构成谋杀罪。
Young Carmelita followed the "class line" principle of "the son of a hero will be a good man," and now in her 50s continues to use the same tools as her father and aunt to earn a living while doing her utmost to continue her family's work by spreading to every corner the promotion of violence in service to the Great Leader. Promoting violence is the purpose of the film "Morning Sun" produced by Carma and her cohorts, and the section of her Web site devoted to explaining the purpose of this film about the Cultural Revolution, she uses the questions William Hinton posed to Zhao Enlai in his interviews regarding the origins and the history of the cultural revolution. The film uses a real person with a false name to express the feelings of the film's producer: "Their parents killed our parents, so now we must kill them." Leaving aside whether or not their parents actually did kill your parents, your killing them still constitutes murder.
文革进入历史40年了，当年的红卫兵已经成了爷爷奶奶，卡玛们依然在向第三代人灌输血统论，叫喊杀杀杀。即使在中国，为文革翻案也不能如此嚣张，为什么在美国倒可以明目张胆、肆无忌惮？我不明白，美国这样一个把人权写在宪法门口的国家，为什么用纳税人的钱扶持这样一个践踏人权、宣扬暴力、为暴君歌功颂德的网站和影片？
The Cultural Revolution entered history 40 years ago, and the Red Guards of that time have become grandfathers and grandmothers, but Carma continues to teach the bloodline theory to the third generation with cries of "kill, kill, kill." Even in China it is impossible to mount such an aggressive rehabilitation of the Cultural Revolution, yet it can be performed so brazenly in the United States of America. I don't understand why in the United States, where human rights were first incorporated into a national constitution, taxpayers' money has been used to subsidize a Web site and film that trample on human rights, promote violence and sing the praises of a tyrant.
Translated by Stacy Mosher
Hinton and Morning Sun by a courageous
woman who personally confronted Mao
Zedong at the beginning of the Cultural
Revolution and told him that sanctioning
Red Guard violence made him like Adolph
Hitler.
红卫兵——毛分子——反人类
—— 分析一个为文革张目的野蛮网站
王容芬
Red Guards, Maoists, Misanthropes
Analyzing a barbaric Cultural Revolution Web site
By Wang Rongfen
点http://www.morningsun.org/, 地址栏里先弹出一个幽灵般的毛泽东头像。这东西对我的刺激，不比犹太人见到希特勒的幽灵弱。
Logging onto the http://www.morningsun.org/ Web site, one is first greeted by a ghost-like image of Mao Zedong. In me this provokes a reaction something like what I imagine Jews feel upon encountering an image of Hitler.
这个叫“八九点钟的太阳”的网站，自己定位成研究文革的学术网站：“探讨文化大革命（约从1964年到1976年）的起源和历史。它不以编年记事的方式来综述文革，它侧重于展示个人故事和家庭遭遇，整理繁杂零散的文革遗物，分析复杂矛盾的行为和记忆，以此来发掘文革历史的内涵。”一路看完，却没找到一丁点探讨、分析、发掘的踪影，没一篇论文，连一条文革研究的报道都没有，有的只是文革中的招贴、宣传和网站自己制作的宣传品，如一个怪怪的女人声音一个字一个字地教美国人反反复复说“毛—主—席—万—岁”。
This Web site, entitled “Morning Sun,” describes itself as devoted to scholarly research on the Cultural Revolution: "A range of techniques and perspectives are used in the Morning Sun website to reflect on the origins and history of the Cultural Revolution (c.1964-1976). We approach the period not from a simplistic linear perspective, but from a panoptic one, encompassing a broad overview while allowing the user to focus in on individual histories, narratives and events that reveal the complex contradictory forces that led to an era of unrivalled revolutionary fervor and political turmoil."
In my browsing of the Web site, however, I have not found any exploration, analysis or unearthing of facts, not a single treatise or research report, but only posters and propaganda from the Cultural Revolution period, as well as the Web site's own promotional material, and a very strange female voice repeatedly instructing Americans how to say the Chinese words for "Long - Live - Chairman - Mao."
（一）一个歌颂毛泽东、展览暴力的文革网站
1) A Web site dedicated to the exhibition of violence and praise of Mao
该网站宣传毛泽东、文革、红卫兵，尽管事实俱在，笔者对这三位一体的认知与该网站毫无共识。1979年中共曾经彻底否定过的文革如今又被其后人翻了过来，为文革1、2、3号人物翻案之风甚嚣尘上。鉴于尚无公认的标准，解析这个网站只好依从案例法。效法文革的红色高棉统治，犯下反人类罪，其要犯已被送交联合国反人类罪法庭；文革作孽比红色高棉范围更广，持续更久，是一场空前的反人类大屠杀。文革要犯毛泽东是红色高棉的导师，在两案中都是首恶。老天爷放过毛泽东和波尔布特，历史不会饶恕他们。至于毛泽东的红卫兵，其杀人之多，手段之恶，为害之劣，都远甚于希特勒的青年党卫军，实属反人类暴力组织。用这个标准解析“八九点钟的太阳”网站，它从形式到内容都是挂蛇头卖毒药，就像它的网址一样，挂着毛泽东和红卫兵的蛇头，贩卖文革暴力的毒药，以耻为荣，以恶为德。
The facts that the Web site presents regarding Mao Zedong, the Cultural Revolution and the Red Guards have nothing in common with what I know of them. The Chinese government's thorough repudiation of the Cultural Revolution in 1979 has now been turned on its head, and a reversal of the verdicts on the top three people blamed for the Revolution has caused an uproar. Given the lack of consensus, analysis of this Web site is best performed on a case-by-case basis. The Khmer Rouge, following the example of the Cultural Revolution, committed gross crimes against humanity for which its officials are now being tried by a United Nations tribunal. The evil performed during the Cultural Revolution was on a much grander scale than that of the Khmer Rouge and lasted even longer; it was genocide on an unprecedented scale. The prime instigator of the Cultural Revolution, Mao Zedong, was the tutor of the Khmer Rouge and therefore the principal culprit in both atrocities. Heaven may have let Mao and Pol Pot off lightly, but history will never forgive them. As for Mao's Red Guards, the number of people they killed, the heinousness of their methods and the severity of their crimes far outstrips that of the Hitler Youth and qualifies them as a group dedicated to violent acts against humanity. Using this standard as a basis for analysis, the information that makes up the Morning Sun Web site is an advertisement for poison, in which the images of Mao Zedong and the Red Guards are used to peddle the toxic violence of the Cultural Revolution, giving glory to shame and portraying evil as the highest morality.
1. 网站首页: 毛泽东万岁！
The Web site home page: Long live Mao Zedong!
网站作者借来文革中《人民画报》的一期封面：舞台上，一个中国家庭在演唱，从小到大8个中国人，个个戴毛像章挎串联包，胸前一本小红书，满脸幸福，嘴张得大大的。指挥唱歌的是个三四岁的孩子，腰里系着的皮带是红卫兵抽人的武器。歌词写在悬在他们头上的巨幅毛泽东像下面：毛主席万岁。网页背景是毛泽东语录，道出网站名字的出处：“你们青年人……好像早晨八九点种的太阳。”小小画面，塞了9个毛泽东头像，加上地址栏和标题栏，大大小小11个“毛泽东”向读者挑衅：毛泽东不死，毛泽东万岁。
The creators of the Web site have borrowed a cover photo from a Cultural Revolution-era issue of "Renmin Huabao" depicting a Chinese family performing a song on stage. Eight Chinese people are lined up from youngest to oldest; each wears a Mao badge and clutches a Little Red Book, their faces glowing with happiness and their lips parted in wide smiles. Leading them is song is a child of three or four around whose waist is wrapped the kind of leather belt with which Red Guards whipped their victims. The words to the song they're singing are emblazoned beneath the enormous Mao portrait that hangs on the wall behind them: Long live Chairman Mao. The "wallpaper" of the homepage is quotations from Mao Zedong, highlighting the phrase from which the Web site draws its name: "You young people... are like the morning sun."
2. 喧嚣的文革歌曲、电视、电影
A clamor of Cultural Revolution songs, television programs and films
栏目的名称反映网站的立场，第一栏叫“革命生活”，展示文革初期卡玛精心收集的音乐和画面。文革收音机反复播送“造反有理”等语录歌、毛泽东诗词歌、毛泽东颂歌（“北京的金山上”和“大 海航行靠舵手”）、样板戏选段以及歌颂红卫兵和文革的歌曲“我们是毛主席的红卫兵”、“无产阶级文化大革命就是好”、 “学习16条说唱”。唯一的解说辞是没完没了的“毛主席万岁!万岁！万岁！万岁！”
The Morning Sun site map reflects the Web site's position. The first section is entitled "Living Revolution," and exhibits music and photographs collected by Carma Hinton from the early years of the Cultural Revolution. It includes radio broadcasts of revolutionary songs, anthems and poems praising Mao, such as "Sailing the Seas Depends on the Helmsman," and selections from model operas and songs extolling the Red Guards and the Cultural Revolution, such as "I am Chairman Mao's Red Guard," "The Proletarian Cultural Revolution is Good" and "Let's Study the Sixteen Points."
除了文革收音机，还有文革电视机，6个频道。逐一看了，记载下来，与君共赏。
There is also a "Cultural Revolution Television" showing six "channels" of clips:
1频道，画面是 毛泽东 在天安门上检阅游行队伍，配以语录大合唱“领导我们事业的核心力量是中国共产党，指导我们思想的理论基础是马克思列宁的主义”。十几只嗓子齐喊“共产党万岁！毛主席万岁！万岁！万岁！万万岁！”
Channel 1: "A colossal parade in Tiananmen Square celebrates the cult of Mao." The accompanying recording is of a chorus singing, "The force at the core leading our cause forward is the Chinese Communist Party. The theoretical basis guiding our thinking is Marxism-Leninism," followed by shouts of "Long live the Communist Party!" and "Long love Chairman Mao! Long live! Long live! Long live!"
2频道，舞台上一个穿阿尔巴尼亚民族服装的女人唱万岁毛主席，两个男人手鼓和手风琴伴奏。解说词：“我们最亲密的战友阿尔巴尼亚同志演唱歌颂毛主席的歌曲：在世界各地，亿万群众同声把您歌唱，毛主席啊， 您是世界革命的舵手，世界人民永远把您歌唱。”然后是“毛主席万岁”的拖腔儿。
Channel 2: A woman in Albanian costume sings, accompanied by two similarly costumed male musicians. A transcript of the accompanying narration reads, "Our closest comrades-in-arms, comrades from Albania, are performing a song in praise of Chairman Mao. Everywhere around the world, tens of millions of masses sing in one voice for you. Chairman Mao, you are the helmsman for the world revolution! People around the world will sing for you forever!" The song is followed by repeated shouts of "Long live Chairman Mao!"
3频道，画面是天安门前的游行队伍，街上的巨幅毛招贴画，大串连，男女老少手捧小红书。 大海航行靠舵手的乐曲中，一个女人解说：“我们伟大领袖毛主席亲自发动领导的文 化大革取得了辉煌的胜利，在我国各地，到处是一片热气腾腾的革命景象，到处都闪耀着毛泽东思想的金光。”
Channel 3: The film clip shows a parade in Tiananmen Square, huge posters of Mao in the streets and large groups of people of all ages reading their Little Red Books. A woman narrates, "The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, personally launched and led by our great leader Chairman Mao, has achieved glorious success. Everywhere around our nation, revolutionary scenes seethe with activity. Everywhere shines the golden light of Mao Zedong Thought."
4频道，“毛主席万岁”喊声延续所有画面：毛泽东和张玉凤挎着胳膊在天安门城楼上走来，接见红卫兵 ，下面一张张激动的孩子脸，挥舞小红书的胳膊。
Channel 4: Shouts of "Long live Chairman Mao" ring over a film clip showing Mao Zedong arm-in-arm with “personal secretary” Zhang Yufeng on Tiananmen Gate reviewing a rally of more than a million Red Guards. Below is shown a sea of ecstatic young faces and dancing arms waving Little Red Books.
5频道，乱七八糟的画面，呜咽的汽笛。女人解说：“在毛主席最新指示鼓舞下， 全国展开了一个上山下乡的大动员，开始了一场波兰状阔的伟大进军。革命的家长们，怀着对毛主席的无限忠心，把子女送到乡下当农民。毛主席的最新指示是反修防 锈的百年大计千年大计，是革命青年前进道路上的指路明。再见，祝你们在光阔的天地里这锻炼成长，再见，祝你们沿着毛主席指引的光明大道奋勇前进。”
Channel 5: A hodgepodge of footage accompanied by the scream of a train whistle. A female narrator says, “Chairman Mao’s latest directive has inspired a nation of young people to go to the countryside. A great campaign is unfolding on a magnificent scale. Revolutionary parents, imbued with loyalty to Chairman Mao, are sending their children to the countryside to be farmers. Chairman Mao’s great plan is to combat and prevent revisionism for a thousand years; it is the beacon lighting the advance of revolutionary youth. Farewell, you will learn and grow in the vast countryside! Farewell, you will advance along the bright broad road led by Chairman Mao.”
6频道，在敬祝毛主席万寿无疆的标题下，展示 不同年龄的6种毛像 ，全都配放金光，精心造神。
Channel 6: Accompanied by wishes for long life, six portraits of Mao Zedong at different stages of his life are presented, each radiating with a godlike glow.
除了文革电视，还可以点播宣扬阶级斗争和无产阶级专政的文革电影“红色娘子军”、“红灯记”、“海港”、“千万不要另忘记”、“青松岭”、“半夜鸡叫”、“金光大道”以及“列宁在1918”。
Apart from the Cultural Revolutionary television, it is also possible to view short clips from films promoting class struggle and the Proletarian Cultural Revolution, such as "The Red Detachment of Women," "The Red Lantern," "On the Docks," "Never Forget," "Pine Ridge," "A Rooster Crows at Midnight," "Golden Road" and "Lenin in 1918."
网站在这个栏目里还自创了《25个怎么办（对照毛主席语录找答案）》，画面内容与题目对不上号，网站自己的解说词是： 生活中遇到困难怎么办？听到反动言论怎么办？......：放之四海而皆准的毛泽东思想可以解答一切疑难和困惑。《活学活用毛主席著作》小折子可供随身携带，以便随时解惑答疑。——这不是资料展示，而是后文革时代毛分子的布道。
The Web site also presents "Ask Chairman Mao for the Answers," but there is some discrepancy between the description and the actual feature. The Web site description runs: "How should you resolve problems in your daily life? What should you do when you hear reactionary speech?... Mao Zedong Thought can answer all your questions and problems. This pamphlet, "Living by the Book," can be carried with you as a reference." This is not a display of material from that time, but rather the evangelizing of Maoists from the post-Cultural Revolution era.
《文革英文课》只有一课，网站的解说词是： “教育为无产阶级政治服务”，毛泽东的教育方针统帅学校。当年的中小学生们，还记得自己曾用过的“革命教材”中的只言片语吗？原来是网站作者的回忆！
The section entitled "English Lessons" includes only one lesson, described as "education in service to proletarian politics" under the leadership of Mao Zedong. Do primary and secondary school students from that era remember any of the words and phrases learned in those "revolutionary teaching materials"? It turns out this is the recollection of the Web site's creator!
[Translator's note: The English version of the Web site observes disparagingly: "Even those who could speak had to parrot inanities; those who studied English had to learn the simple lessons of Mao Thought as applied to such topics as race relations in the U.S."]
3. 践踏人权的画面：砸烂旧世界！
Depicting Trampling on Human Rights: Smash the Old World!
这个栏目收了18条文革文章，分别列在“教育改革”、“破四旧”、“打倒黑帮”、“串联”、“人间奇迹”标题之下，除了对“破四旧”和“人间奇迹”稍有微词外，其余都在颂扬之列。
This section of the Web site presents written materials and photographs from the Cultural Revolution, accompanied by a "Library" of 18 articles divided up under the headings "Educational Reform," "Smashing the Four Olds," "Overthrowing Reactionaries," "Establishing Ties" and "Human Miracles." Apart from the subtle criticism offered in "Smashing the Four Olds" and "Human Miracles," all of the essays are laudatory.
[Translator's note: The English version of the Web site includes English translations of some of these essays, but under different category headings, and also includes essays by Western scholars.]
这个栏目里收的48张照片惨无人道，红卫兵施暴令人发指，网站只做了笼统说明，没有亲历文革的人，很难知道这些画面的内涵。网站负责人卡玛通中文，也知道照片上的某些公众人物或知名宗教建筑，但没对任何一张照片做片语说明。
The 48 photographs collected in this section are brutal depictions of Red Guard violence that makes one's blood boil. The Web site makes only a sweeping statement at the introduction of the section; there are no comments from people who actually experienced the Cultural Revolution, and no explanations of the background of the photos. The Web site creator, Carma Hinton, knows Chinese and knows about some of the public figures and famous religious sites depicted, but there is not a single description of any of the photos.
尤其令人不解的是，这个栏目下的“江青点批电影”，用江青的话批判了《五朵金花》等11部电影，网站未做一字说明。试举几例，看江青批的都叫什么：
Even more inexplicable is the Web site's inclusion of "Jiang Qing's Denunciation of Feature Films," which quotes Jiang Qing's criticism of 11 films without further comment. Here is a sampling of Jiang Qing's criticisms:
《英雄虎胆》“美化特务阿兰，跳摇摆舞一场是资产阶级生活大展览，歪曲了侦察部队形象。雷参谋化装后，比敌人还象敌人。剿匪不靠发动群众，只靠派进去，与《林海雪原》都是学苏联的。”
Hero in the Bandit's Den: "It prettifies the agent Ah Lan. That dance scene is an egregious display of the bourgeois lifestyle. It distorts the image of the underground [Party] agent. Made up, Commander Lei looks more like the enemy than the enemy. Wiping out the bandits is done without mobilizing the masses. It's all about sending people in. Like Snow in the Forest this [kind of depiction] comes from the Soviet Union."
《我们村里的年轻人》“写三角恋爱，四对，歪曲农村青年的精神面貌，没英雄形象，尽是中间人物。丑化革命干部，老社长是老保守，会计是反面人物。”
The Young People in Our Village: "It depicts four couples in triangular relationships and in the process distorts the [revolutionary] spiritual mien of youth in the country. There are no heroic figures; they are all middle-of-the-road characters. It vilifies revolutionary cadres; the older head of the commune is depicted as a stick in the mud; the accountant is made out to be a negative character."
《五朵金花》“整个影片写了一男一女，别人都是陪衬他们谈恋爱的。对少数民族不说他们进步，政治成长，精神面貌的变化，尽是吃喝谈恋爱。情歌（也）很有问题。”
Five Golden Flowers: "The whole film is about one couple; everyone else is merely there to highlight their love affair. In regard to the ethnic minorities there is no attempt to depict them making any progress, their political maturation or the changes in their outlook. All they do is eat, drink and fall in love. All those love songs are [also] very problematic."
《雷锋》“有缺点。把雷锋的好事都集中到一天来做，不合理。影片中毛主席画像不好，是政治性错误。将雷锋之好事由中间人物王大力来继承，不好。防洪指挥部主任的形象也不好。他对雷锋说：‘好接班人’，结果雷锋就死了，这不好。”
Lei Feng: "It has faults. It is unreasonable to squeeze all of his good acts into just one day. The portrait of the Chairman in the film is bad; it constitutes a political error. It's no good that Lei Feng's legacy of good deeds is taken up by Wang Dali, a middle-of-the-road character. The portrayal of the head of the flood crisis operations team is inappropriate. He says to Lei Feng, 'You're a good successor [to the revolutionary cause],' but then he ends up dying. That's just wrong.'"
《大李、小李和老李》“低级、庸俗。把故事安排在屠场，是别有用心的。影射我们象猪一样被宰。写干部不是胖猪就是瘦猴，把车间主任关在冷藏室，把干部写得象猪一样。”
Big Li, Little Li and Old Li: "Crass and vulgar. To set the film in an abattoir is itself devious. It hints that we will be slaughtered like pigs. The cadres are either fat pigs or skinny monkeys. They lock the workshop head in the freezer; all the cadres are made out to be like swine."
《野火春风斗古城》“ 杨晓东在关键时刻软弱；金环象泼妇，拔簪刺敌人不合理；银环是中间人物，屡犯错误，与杨晓东一见钟情，过分写了这段爱情。杨母三次出场，两次是给儿子说媳妇，歪曲了革命母亲的形象。”
Struggle for an Ancient City in the Fire and Winds of Spring: "Yang Xiaodong betrays weakness at a crucial moment; Jin Huan is like a fishwife: there's that silly scene when she stabs the enemy with her hair pin. Yin Huan is a middle-of-the-road character who constantly makes mistakes, and she falls in love the moment she lays eyes on Yang Xiaodong. Far too much time is devoted to their relationship. Two of the three times that Yang's mother appears it's to talk about her daughter-in-law. This is a distortion of the image of a revolutionary mother."
后面的红太阳、历史舞台、东方红等栏目，虽是未完成稿，已经塞进造神的大型音乐舞蹈剧《东方红》和全部样板戏的录像。个人崇拜的《东方红》被解说成：一首民间爱情小调演化为领袖的“圣歌”，《东方红》乐曲曾经响彻各种游行集会，统领着亿万人的起居和劳作，以致跟随着中国第一颗人造卫星升入太空，响彻寰宇。它塑造了神话，改写了历史，树立了一代人的信仰。为了加强造神效果，网站让《东方红》歌词在几个栏目反复出现。
Following are more sections entitled "Reddest Red Sun," "Stages of History" and "The East is Red," which although still under construction are already crammed with the epic revolutionary ballet "The East is Red," including a full video recording accompanied by transcripts in English and Chinese. The personality cult vehicle is described as "start(ing) out as a peasant love song... you can follow its progress to becoming a call to arms in the Anti-Japanese War, and a paean extolling Chairman Mao, the savior of the Chinese people... This stage production presented a creation myth, an historical vision, a belief system, and a moral landscape in which the generation of the Cultural Revolution came of age." The Web site strengthens the impact of the opera by presenting it in different contexts in several different sections.
（二）铁杆毛分子
网站主要作者卡玛不是青春期少女了，一个活过多半个世纪的美国人，如此狂热地宣传毛泽东和红卫兵，为反人类的文化大革命张目，和她自己及其家族的历史分不开。陈葆昆老师被打死的时候，卡玛是101中学高一学生，参加了造反，外国专家局有她造反的足迹，外语学院有被她欺侮诬陷直至入狱的欧裔教师和家属。那时她叫卡玛丽达，60岁以上的北京人，很少不知道这个名字的，它比宋要武、彭小蒙们响亮，仅次于蒯大富、王大宾们。卡玛丽达是外籍人员子女造反派的头头，人民日报上有她的照片。
A Dyed-in-the Wool Maoist
The producer of the Web site, Carma Hinton, is no adolescent girl, but a mature American woman in her 50s. Her enthusiastic promotion of Mao Zedong and the Red Guards and the inhuman Cultural Revolution is closely related to her family history. When teacher Chen Baokun was beaten to death, Hinton was an upper-classman at the No. 101 Middle School. She took part in the rebellion, and the Bureau of Foreign Experts had tracked her participation. The Foreign Languages Institute had a European professor and his family who were humiliated and framed by her and ultimately imprisoned. At that time she was known as Carmelita, and residents of Beijing aged 60 or older are invariably familiar with her name. She was better known at that time than Song Binbin (renamed Yaowu) or Peng Xiaomeng, and was second only to people such as Kuai Dafu and Wang Dabing. Carmelita was the leader of the rebels among the foreign youth, and her photograph was published in People's Daily.
卡玛丽达的母亲史克是外国人里的聂元梓，1966年8月31日，史克和卡玛的姑妈寒春、姑父阳早等4人贴出了所谓“外国专家的第一张马列主义大字报”，炮轰外国专家局的“牛鬼蛇神”，咄咄逼人抗议给他们的优厚待遇，强调他们的后代“必须成为坚强可靠的革命接班人，而决不允许他们变成修正主义分子”，为此要求批准他们和他们的孩子参加“革命运动”。下面是这张御批马列大字报的抄件，其措辞比聂元梓们的更带杀气，又添了几分西方人少见的媚气 :
Carmelita's mother Bertha Sneck was the prime muckraker among China's foreign residents. On August 31, 1966, she and Carma's aunt, Joan Hinton, and Joan's husband, Erwin Engst, put up what they called the "first Marxist big character poster by foreign experts," attacking the "cow demons and snake spirits" in the Bureau of Foreign Experts. They aggressively protested the generous terms of their employment and stressed that their children "must become staunch and dependable successors to the revolution, and must not be allowed to become revisionists," and on that basis demanded that they and their children participate in "revolutionary activities." Following is an excerpt from that Marxist big character poster, the wording of which incorporated a unique Western flavor into a stridency matching the most radical Chinese activists:
给外国专家局的大字报
Big Character Poster Directed at the Bureau of Foreign Experts
为什么在世界革命的心脏工作的外国人被推上修正主义的道路？？？是哪个牛鬼蛇神指使给外国人这种待遇？在中国工作的外国人，不论他是哪个阶级，不论他对革命是什么态度，都受到这种“五无二有”的待遇：“五无”：一，没有体力劳动；二，没有思想改造；三，没有接触工农兵机会；四，不搞阶级斗争；五，不搞生产斗争。“二有”：一，有特高生活待遇；二，有各方面的特殊化。
Why have foreigners working at the heart of world revolution been pushed onto the road of revisionism??? Which cow demons and snake spirits have ordered this treatment for foreigners? Foreigners working in China, regardless of which class they belong to or what attitude they have toward revolution, have all received the same treatment of "five nos and two haves": The "five nos": 1) No physical labor; 2) no thought reform; 3) no opportunity for contact with workers, peasants or soldiers; 4) no class struggle; 5) no production struggle. The "two haves": 1) high remuneration; 2) all manner of privileges.
制定这种待遇是什么思想支配的？这不是毛泽东思想，这是赫鲁晓夫思想，是修正主义的思想，这是剥削阶级思想。这样做的目的是什么？结果又是什么呢？1.使要革命的外国人不能掌握毛泽东思想，只能在口头上说条条；2.使革命的外国人革命意志衰退，滑到修正主义道路上去；3.阻碍在中国的外国小孩成长为坚强的革命者；4.把革命的外国人和他们的中国阶级兄弟隔离开，破坏他们的阶级感情，破坏无产阶级国际主义。我们认为这不是个别人的问题，而是关系到世界革命的原则的问题，我们坚决反对这种待遇。
On what ideological basis has this treatment been established? It is not Mao Zedong thought, it is Khruschev thought, it is revisionist thought, it is the ideology of class exploitation. What is the purpose of doing this? What is the result? 1) It makes foreigners who want revolution unable to grasp Mao Zedong thought, and only able to parrot its precepts; 2) It causes a decline in the revolutionary will of revolutionary foreigners, so that they slide onto the road of revisionism; 3) It hinders China's foreign children from growing into staunch revolutionaries. 4) It causes segregation between revolutionary foreigners and their Chinese class brethren, destroys their class sentiment, destroys proletarian internationalism. We feel this is not someone else's problem, but is a problem that affects the principles of world revolution, and we firmly oppose this kind of treatment.
我们决心要成为坚强的革命者，成为坚定的反修战士。为了把反对美帝国主义的斗争进行到底，我们决心锻炼和考验我们自己。我们的后代必须成为坚强可靠的革命接班人，而决不允许他们变成修正主义分子。
We resolutely desire to become staunch revolutionaries and steadfast warriors against revisionism. In order to advance the struggle against American imperialism to the end, we are determinedly engaging in physical exercise and testing ourselves. Our children must become staunch and dependable successors to the revolution, and must not be allowed to become revisionists.
因此我们要求：1.以阶级兄弟看待我们，而不是以资产阶级专家看待我们；2.允许并鼓励我们参加体力劳动；3.帮助我们进行思想改造；4.允许并鼓励我们紧密地结合工农群众；5.允许并鼓励我们参加三大革命运动；6.我们的孩子和中国的孩子，受到同样的待遇和严格的要求；7.生活待遇和同级的中国工作人员一样；8.取消特殊化。只有这样，我们才有可能成为毛主席所要求的革命者。
For this reason we make the following demands: 1) Treat us as class brethren and not as capitalist experts; 2) Allowed and encourage us to take part in physical labor; 3) Help us undergo thought reform; 4) Allow and encourage us to closely integrate with the worker and peasant masses; 5) Help and encourage us to take part in the three great revolutionary activities; 6) Our children and the children of China should receive the same treatment and the same strict demands; 7) Our living standards should be the same as Chinese workers of the same class; 8) Abolish all privileges. Only in this way can we become the revolutionaries required by Chairman Mao.
伟大的无产阶级文化大革命万岁！世界人民大团结万岁！伟大的战无不胜的毛泽东思想万岁！中国人民、世界无产阶级及被压迫人民、被压迫民族的伟大领袖毛泽东同志万岁！万万岁！！
Long live the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution! Long live the great unity of the peoples of the world! Long live the great and invincible Mao Zedong Thought! Long live Comrade Mao Zedong, great leader of the Chinese people, of the oppressed world proletariat and of the oppressed peoples of the world! Long live!
美国：阳早、史克、寒春、汤普金森 1966年8月29日1
U.S.A.: Yang Zao [Erwin Engst], Shi Ke [Bertha Sneck], Han Chun [Joan Hinton], Tangpu Jinsen [Ann Tomkins], August 29, 1966
这些拉丁文化圈里长大的西方成年人，究竟被何种心理驱使而造反？几个美国人，跑到闹市表白自己的廉洁，不惜在被架起来烧烤的外文局领导下面添一把猛柴，没与同事们商议，就代表在中国的外国人把生活品质降下来，并代表所有的外国人向暴君表忠心。我不信他们上当受骗，利令智昏才干得出这种丢人现眼损祖德的勾当。
What kind of psychological urges led these Western adults, raised in Latinate intellectual circles, to become rebels? A group of Americans running to the heart of the city to vindicate themselves, not hesitating to fuel the flames licking the feet of the head of the Foreign Language Bureau, not conferring with their colleagues, speaking for China's foreigners in calling for a decline in their living standards, and speaking for all foreigners in pledging loyalty to a tyrant. I do not believe that they were duped and misled; only being blinded by lust for gain could lead them to make such fools of themselves and act in a way so shaming to their ancestors.
9月8日，毛泽东对史克等人的大字报作了批示：
On September 8, Mao Zedong wrote a memo on the big character poster by Bertha Sneck and the others:
“林彪、总理、陈毅、陶铸、伯达五同志：
To Comrades Lin Biao, Premier [Zhao Enlai], Chen Yi, Tao Zhu and [Chen] Boda:
我同意这张大字报，外国革命专家及其孩子，要同中国人完（全）一样，不许两样，请你们讨论一下，凡自愿的，一律同样做。如何请酌定。”2
I agree with this big character poster; foreign revolutionary experts and their children must be treated the same as Chinese and not differently. Please discuss this among yourselves and make all things the same. Please decide how to go about it.
御批下来，卡玛家族如愿以偿，兴高采烈。卡玛的姑妈寒春在“揭发批判外国专家局资产阶级反动路线”大会上高呼毛泽东是救世主：“现在，我们听到了毛主席的声音！毛主席没有框框，他是全世界人民的解放者，他无限相信人民能够自己解放自己。毛主席只用了几个字就把反革命修正主义者分裂世界无产阶级的阴谋诡计砸得稀巴烂！我们摆脱了枷锁！大门向我们敞开了！现在靠我们自己去游泳了！”3
Under this imperial edict, Carma's family jubilantly found their wishes fulfilled. Carma's aunt, Joan Hinton, proclaimed Mao Zedong savior of the world in a meeting to "expose and criticize the capitalist reactionary road of the Foreign Experts Bureau": "Now we hear Chairman Mao's voice! Chairman Mao has no boundaries, he is the liberator of all the peoples of the world, he unreservedly believes the people can liberate themselves. With just a few words, Chairman Mao has smashed to smithereens the schemes and intrigues of the counterrevolutionary revisionists causing division among the proletariat of the world. We have shaken off our fetters! The door has been opened to us! Now it is up to us to swim on our own!"
卡玛家族如愿以偿，和中国人一样投入了文革暴力。人民日报曾经登过卡玛丽达和一群外国专家子女参加大串联回到北京的照片，冠以偷梁换柱的标题：“卡玛丽达?辛顿夫人率美国青年代表团到京”。
Carma Hinton's family was allowed to fulfill their wishes to join the Chinese in the violence of the Cultural Revolution. The People's Daily published a photograph of Carma and other children of foreign experts returning to Beijing after participating in the big link-up of the Red Guards, with the deceptive caption, "Carmelita Hinton leads a delegation of American youths to Beijing."
1971年，美中刚刚开始对话，卡玛的父亲韩丁即被周恩来请到中国，一住就是七个月，其间5次奉召采访周恩来，卡玛和她的继母雷周安每次都在场，经常在场的有卡玛的奶奶、生母、姑妈、姑父。在寂寞的外事舞台上，韩丁家族与波尔布特、乔森潘们轮番出场，成为这个被世人唾弃的野蛮国家的上宾。长时间采访中，周恩来介绍了文革的起因、目的，让韩丁去王光美蹲点的桃园了解刘少奇夫妇的罪行，说了很多表明他与五一六分子不共戴天的话，点了北外学生刘令凯等的名字。那时最早贴周恩来大字报的钢院学生张建旗已被枪毙，号称“宽大无边”的周恩来犹不解气，在全国掀起了清查五一六运动，造成文革中最大规模、持续最久的白色恐怖，直到文革结束，才不了了之。4
In 1971, the United States had just embarked on its dialogue with China. Zhao Enlai invited Carma's father, William Hinton, back to China, and during the seven months of his visit, Hinton was summoned to see Zhao five times, with Carma and her stepmother, Joanne Raiford, accompanying him each time. Often Carma's paternal grandmother, Carmelita Hinton, as well as her mother, aunt and uncle were also present. On the lonely foreign affairs stage, the Hinton family appeared with Cambodia's Pol Pot and Khieu Samphan, serving as guests of honor in barbarous countries spurned by the rest of the world. During the lengthy interviews with Hinton, Zhao Enlai explained the origins and goals of the Cultural Revolution and allowed Hinton to visit Wang Guangmei, the widow of Liu Shaoqi, to gain an understanding of Liu's crimes. He also said a great deal to distance himself from the "counterrevolutionaries," in particular Liu Lingkai, a student at the Beijing Foreign Studies University. At that time, Zhang Jianqi, a student at the Metallurgy Institute who had early on put up a big character poster criticizing Zhao Enlai, had been executed, and Zhao, who had the reputation of erring on the side of mercy, was still not placated, but launched a national movement to purge counterrevolutionaries that became the most wide-scale and long-lasting white terror movement, continuing right up until the end of the Cultural Revolution.
回国后，韩丁急急忙忙做了两件事，一是创建美中人民友好协会，担任第一任主席；二是出版《新中国》杂志，发表他采访周恩来的文章，宣传中国的无产阶级文化大革命，成为帮助中共输出文革暴力的铁杆儿毛分子。幸亏此人只为稻梁谋，没有造下红色高棉、德国赤军旅的血孽。
After returning to China, William Hinton busied himself with two matters: one was to create a U.S.-China Friendship Association, of which he became the founding chairman, and the second was to publish “New China” Magazine, in which he included an article about his meetings with Zhao Enlai, publicized China's Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution and became an iron-clad Maoist helping China export the violence of the Cultural Revolution. Fortunately Hinton was only a fellow-traveler and did not personally take part in the evil committed by Mao's disciples in the Khmer Rouge or the Baader-Meinhof Gang.
青春期的卡玛丽达接受了“老子英雄儿好汉”的信仰，年过半百的卡玛依然端着韩丁、史克用过的吃饭家伙，不遗余力、无孔不入地宣传他们家曾经的好光景，显摆跟着伟大领袖造反收罗的暴力家当。宣传暴力是卡玛等人拍摄影片《八九点钟的太阳》之衷，网站的电影栏目八九点钟的太阳直接用韩丁当年采访周恩来的问题来介绍这部文革片子的目的：展示文化大革命的起因和历史。影片借一个真脸假名的家伙说出了制作人憋在心里的话：“他们的父母杀了我们的父母，我们就要杀他们。”姑且不说他们的父母是否杀了你们的父母，你们杀他们足以构成谋杀罪。
Young Carmelita followed the "class line" principle of "the son of a hero will be a good man," and now in her 50s continues to use the same tools as her father and aunt to earn a living while doing her utmost to continue her family's work by spreading to every corner the promotion of violence in service to the Great Leader. Promoting violence is the purpose of the film "Morning Sun" produced by Carma and her cohorts, and the section of her Web site devoted to explaining the purpose of this film about the Cultural Revolution, she uses the questions William Hinton posed to Zhao Enlai in his interviews regarding the origins and the history of the cultural revolution. The film uses a real person with a false name to express the feelings of the film's producer: "Their parents killed our parents, so now we must kill them." Leaving aside whether or not their parents actually did kill your parents, your killing them still constitutes murder.
文革进入历史40年了，当年的红卫兵已经成了爷爷奶奶，卡玛们依然在向第三代人灌输血统论，叫喊杀杀杀。即使在中国，为文革翻案也不能如此嚣张，为什么在美国倒可以明目张胆、肆无忌惮？我不明白，美国这样一个把人权写在宪法门口的国家，为什么用纳税人的钱扶持这样一个践踏人权、宣扬暴力、为暴君歌功颂德的网站和影片？
The Cultural Revolution entered history 40 years ago, and the Red Guards of that time have become grandfathers and grandmothers, but Carma continues to teach the bloodline theory to the third generation with cries of "kill, kill, kill." Even in China it is impossible to mount such an aggressive rehabilitation of the Cultural Revolution, yet it can be performed so brazenly in the United States of America. I don't understand why in the United States, where human rights were first incorporated into a national constitution, taxpayers' money has been used to subsidize a Web site and film that trample on human rights, promote violence and sing the praises of a tyrant.
Translated by Stacy Mosher
