( Part I )
纪录片文稿 国营东风农场
Manuscript of the Documentary<<>>
(‘Dongfeng’ means ‘east wind’)
（2009 年5月）
(May 2009)
谢传宝：1949年底,我们游击队在这个阶段组建起来。游击队之歌。（唱）我们都是神枪手，每一棵子弹消灭一个仇敌。我们都是飞行军，哪怕山高水又深；在这密密的树林里，到处都是同志们的宿营地；在这高高的山岗上，有我们无数的好兄弟。没有吃，没有穿，自有那敌人送上前………….
Xie Chuanbao: At the end of 1949 our guerrilla detachment was formed. The song of guerrillas. (singing) “We are all expert marksmen,
able to kill every enemy with one bullet. We are all fast-walking forces, fearing no high mountains or deep waters; everywhere in the secret woods there are our camping sites; at the high hillocks our good class brothers are numerous. Though no food, no clothing, our enemies are to provide us…….”
影片题目： 国营东风农场
The Title of the Film: State Dongfeng Farm
街头标语：国营弥勒东风农场欢迎您！
Slogans on the Street: You Are Welcome to State-Run Mile Dongfeng Farm
路标： 弥勒东风农场
Road Sign: Mile Dongfeng Farm
小标题：時間開幕了
Subtitle: It’s Time to Begin the Performance
谢传宝：(原右派分子) 现在我就根据我的回顾来谈。那个地方先是劳改队在那里，我们去了以后，劳改队就搬走掉了。1958年到东风农场，我们是叫监督生产人员。
Xie Chuanbao: ( former rightist) Now I will talk according to my review. That place was first to be taken by a group sentenced to reform through labor. After we arrived, they moved. When we got there, we were called production supervisors.
李泽衡：(原右派分子) 这个就是我二十二岁画的这个历史的真实。我们当时就是那个劳改队走了以后，在这种情况，我们把牛棚盖了。
Li Zeheng: (former rightist) This is the history-truth picture I drew at the age of 22. After the group sentenced to reform through labor moved, we built a cowshed (ox fence)
孙梓川: (原右派分子) 对待“右派”解除劳教又降为监督生产。在法律上没有这一条的。
Sun Zichuan: (former rightist) There is no such a bill in the law that the rightists already relieved of reeducation through labor are demoted to production supervisors.
吴德本：(原右派分子) 把我划成“右派”，那个时候是押送东风农场。
Wu Deben: (former rightist) I was labeled ‘rightist’ and escorted to Dongfeng Farm.
张 路：(原右派分子) 他对我说：六个月以后，回省安排工作。
Zhang Lu: (former rightist) He said to me: in six months I would be sent back to a job in my province.
张路妻：他一走，我们俩就长年分居了。
Zhang Lu’s wife: After he left, we started long-time separation. (5/7, Sun.)
汪作民：(原右派分子) 搞出这么多右派你怎么处理呢？你不能把他关进监狱，更不能把他杀掉。留在机关又不放心，所以要找个地方安顿他们。所以把很多农场改造成放右派的监督生产农场。
Wang Zuomin (former rightist) How to deal with so many rightists? You should not put them into jail, let alone kill them. It’s not safe to keep them in their original offices, so here or there should be found to place them. Thus, many farms were transformed to production-supervision farms for rightists to stay.
刘加强（1990年任东风农场党委书记 、场长）：当时戴上“右派”帽子和历史问题帽子的是一千人。
Liu Jiaqiang (Sectary of Party committee and the farm head in 1990) At that time labeled-rightists and historical-problem victims were one thousand people.
汪作民：(原右派分子) 劳改犯走掉，然后把“右派”送去改造。执行改造何人呢？执行改造的是在运动中不可靠的“中右”，但是不给他们说（你们是中右），你们就是下放干部。
Wang Zuomin: (former rightist) With criminals sentenced to reform through labor moved, “rightists” were sent there to reform. Who were to carry that task? They were the unreliable “mid-rightists”, but they were not told so (you are mid-rightists), just told them that they were cadres transformed to do manual labor in the countryside.
刘加强：内控的，就是有种种出身问题啊、历史问题啊、等等内控的下放干部有八百人。然后就组建了这个东风农场。
Liu Jiaqiang: They were all inside-controlled victims with various class-original or historical problems, etc. etc. , altogether 800
people, who were then formed Dongfeng Farm.
钟履鸿（原东风农场生产大队 干部）：他们来叫我们留在这里当骨干，管理这些“右派”。
Zhong Luihong (former cadre of production team in Dongfeng Farm) We were told to stay here as core members to deal with
those “rightists”
汪作民：(原右派分子) 从广义上讲，也可以说以右治右，用“中右”来改造正真的“右派”。
Wang Zuomin: (former rightist) In a broad sense, it could be put ‘administer the right with the right’, i.e. to reform the real “rightists” with “mid-Rightists”
胡同增：(原右派分子) 这个是被政治暴力把这些人都集中到那个地放去。
Hu Tongzeng: (former rightist) It was the use of political violence to put those people together there.
钟履鸿：（原东风农场生产大队 干部）成立了三个大队，一大队、二大队、三大队。58年1月份开始开荒、种田。
Zhong Luihong: Three production teams were organized, Team 1, 2, and 3. In Jan. 1958, opening up wasteland and farming began.
谢传宝：当时就把我分到砖瓦组，分到砖瓦场，就打砖烧窑。
Xie Chuanbao: Then I was appointed to brick-laying worksite to make bricks and fire/bake kiln.
胡同增：说是,还有公民权，实际上什么人权都没有。
Hu Tongzeng: We were said to still have citizenship but actually no civil rights we had.
谢传宝：原来我是在蒙自县委会共青团一个秘书。
Xie Chuanbao: I was originally a Youth League secretary in Mengzi county Party committee.
胡同增：我是医生。
Hu Tongsheng: I was a doctor.
吴德本：(原右派分子)我是四川大学法学院法律系1951年毕业的。
Wu Deben (former rightist): I graduated in 1951 from Law Department of Law Institute, Sichuan University.
孙梓川：(原右派分子)因为我是军政大学毕业的，叫晋冀鲁豫军政大学。后来才改为华北军政大学。
Sun Zichuan (former rightist): I graduated from a military and political college, called Jin-Ji-Lu-Yu (Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Henan provinces) Military and Political College which then changed to Huabei Military & Political College.
吴德本：(原右派分子)就把我分配在当时省人民委员会办公厅的政策研究科。
Wu Deben (former rightist): I was appointed to Policy-Research Section of the then provincial people’s committee.
李泽衡：(原右派分子)我是一个归国华侨。
Li Zeheng (former rightist) I am a returned overseas Chinese.
张海波：(原右派分子)我是在军队上。
Zhang Haibo (former rightist) I was in the army. ( 6/7, Mon. )
张 路：(原右派分子)我是组织部的巡视员，副处级。
Zhang Lu (former rightist): I was an inspector for the organizational department, deputy to the chief of the depart.
汪作民：划“右派”的时候，我是一个县人民政府办公室主任。
Wang Zuomin: During the time of labeling rightists, I was office director of a local county government.
谢传宝：(原右派分子)1957年底，叫我们开展整风运动。
Xie Chuanbao: (former rightis) At the end of 1957, we were told to launch a rectification movement.
吴德本：(原右派分子)是动员大家大鸣大放。
Wu DebenLfoprmer rightist) People were mobilized to greatly air views( mainly in politics )
胡同增：(原右派分子)在1957年鸣放的时候，我一句话都没说。
Hu Tongzeng: (former rightist) I said nothing in the movement of airing views.
赵汉科：(原右派分子)当时我们参加革命的时候，谁要说一句共产党的坏话，确实要和他拚命的。
Zhao Hanke (former rightist) While we were doing revolution (with CCP), whoever said anything bad about CP,
we would fight against him at the risk of our life.
胡同增：他再三动员我，我都不鸣放。
Hu Tongzeng: After being mobilized once and again, I yet did not say anything.
吴德本：当时我们是为了响应党的号召。
Wu Deben: We were then responding to the Party’s call/appeal---airing views.
谢传宝：为了把整风搞的很活跃, 去参观他们大字报，漫画、诗歌。他们是贴在那些墙上的。他们是先走一步。
Xie Chuanbao: To make the rectification very brisk, we went to read their big-character posters, caricatures and poems
on the wall. They were ahead of us.
吴德本：报纸上也是这样说---言者无罪，闻者足戒。
Wu Deben: On the newspapers it was the same words---blame not the speaker but be warned by his words.
谢传宝：因为当时我是党员。党叫干什么就干什么
Xie Chuanbao: As a Party member (communist), I did whatever the Party told me to.
张海波：我可以不说话，但我不能说假话。
Zhang Haibo: It was ok that I remain silent, but I could not tell a lie.
吴德本：人总该有正义感。
Wu Deben: A person should have a sense of justice.
谢传宝：不提反右，一句话不提反右。只提整风运动。
Xie Chuanbao: At that time, there was no mention of “anti-rightist”, just mentioned rectification movement.
（原新闻资料解说：中共中央发出关于整风运动的指示，广大群众和爱国人士积极响应，向各级党组织和党员干部提出了大量
有益的批评和建议。）
(Former news release explained: The Central Committee of the CPC has given the instruction in rectification movement,
the broad masses and patriotic personages are responding actively. They made much helpful criticism and suggestion to
all-level Party organizations, to party members and to cadres.)
人民日报：《全民整风是我国社会主义民主的重要发展》
People’s Daily: <<>’s Rectification Movement Is the Important Development of Our Socialist Democracy>>
谢传宝：整风运动向领导提意见。
Xie Chuanbao: In the rectification movement we were to make suggestions to leaders/authorities.
张 路：说的那么好，叫大家提意见，一提就成“右派”
Zhang Lu: How good it sounded---let all air views, but when we did, we were labeled “rightists”.
张海波；(原十三军右派分子)所有划为“右派”的都要开除军籍
Zhang Haibo (former rightist in the Thirteenth Troup) : All labeled rightists had to be dismissed from the army.
张 路：当时我思想接受不了。
Zhang Lu: At that time I could not bear it in my mind. ( 8/7, Wed. )
冯永祺：（原农场五七战士）郑淳、王镜如反党集团。
Feng Yongqi: (former May 7 solder of the farm) Zheng Chun and Wang Jingru were attacked as anti-Party clique.
(Note:“May 7” was named after Mao’s May 7th Directive of 1966)
李泽衡：那我就莫明其妙当了右派)
Li Zeheng: Inexplicably I became a rightist./It was quite baffling why I became a rightist.
张 路：郑、王反党集团。我就是其中一个。当时省委组织部连勤杂人员64个，就划了16个。
Zhang Lu: I was accused of one of that Zheng & Wang anti-Party clique. In the provincial organizational department there were altogether 64 people, including odd-jobmen, 16 people were labeled in that clique.
谢传宝：我出身又好，我是从游击队来的，所以我一无顾虑。
Xie Chuanbao: With a good family background (poor people belong to this group), coming from a guerilla forces, I had no worry.
孙梓川：我当时打右派是在蒙自草灞农场，这个农场是云南省公安厅的，云南省最大的一个农场。
Sun Zichuan: During the Anti-Rightist Movement I was in Monzicaoshuang farm, the biggest farm in Yunnan province, it belonged to the public security office of Yunnan (Southwest of China)
胡同增：最初我还是不太相信，划右派或者说送去劳动教养，监督劳动，还有个百分比。
Hu Tongzeng: At first I did not quite believe that there should be a percentage of labeled rightists and a perecentage to be sent for reeducation through labor.
冯永祺：（原农场五七战士）负责云南文化系统划右派的领导人杜万美，任务没有完成，怕自己右倾，就把她抓来填充，这个人叫陈少春，这个人是云南省艺术学校副校长啦。
Feng Yongqi: Leader Du Wanmei was in charge of labeling rightists in Yunnan cultural circle. Fearing to be blamed for being Right deviationist because of not having accomplished the task, he took Chen Shaochun to fill up the percentage. Chen was vice president of Yunnan Art School.
张 路：就是谢富致搞的，谢富致不是吗，也是五人帮啦。等于是毛泽东的干将。
Zhang Lu: It was Xie Fuzhi’s action, Xie was one of the Gang of Five, Mao Zedong’s go-getter.
谢传宝：我三天画了一百零三幅漫画。
Xie Chuanbao: In three days I drew 103 caricatures.
张 路：基本上反右就把云南地下党摧垮了。
Zhang Lu: The Anti-Rightist Movement basically destroyed the former underground communists in Yunnan (before 1949).
谢传宝：我画的内容就是，某某领导他太不注意节约了，都是公家的电，连白天都不注意关那个灯，就是画个灯泡也好画嘛，一个灯泡一勾，闪着光就行了嘛，几笔就画出来了嘛。我写了横幅一大堆字，此次整风运动是有史以来发杨民主最好的一次。
Xie Chuanbao: The content of my drawing was that some leader cared too little for thrift, it was all the state electricity, even in the day time a light was still on. It was easy to draw a bulb with light shinning. Above the picture I wrote many words saying that the rectification going on was the best chance of developing democratic style of work.
张 路：不但是云南挨整，全国地下党都是挨整地
Zhang Lu: Not just in Yunnan, underground communists(before 1949) of the whole country were the target of attack.
谢传宝：到分析批判阶段时就说，你的整个漫画，就是代表你这个人对党怀有刻骨仇恨。
Xie Chuanbao: In the period of analysis and criticism they said that all my caricatures demonstrated my deep-rooted hatred
for the Party.
张 路：等到我下去以后，她也是扫地出门。
Zhang Lu: When I was sent for reform through labor, she (his wife) was driven out in dire poverty.
谢传宝：当时我就说：是党支部叫我来当编辑。
Xie Chuanbao: Then I said that it was the Party branch that sent me to be an editor.
张 路：就把她赶出人事科。 右派老婆不能在人事部门，要害部门。
Zhang Lu: She (my wife) was driven out of Personnel Section as a rightist’s wife should not work in the key department.
张路妻：在这种情况下，不但是我不能有什么想法，那个时候大家都不敢说话，怕说错了一句话又来搞。所以我还不是害怕。
Zhang Lu’s wife: In such a situation, not only I should not have any ideas, but also all the people dared not speak in fear of being attacked again as a result of saying even one wrong word. So it was not that I feared.
汪作民：我是1958年4 月1号，在全县的大会上宣布开除党籍，监督劳动。4月1号是愚人节。
Wang Zuomin: On April 1st of 1958 it was announced at a whole county assembly that I was expelled from the Party and to be sent
for labor under supervision. April 1st is All Fools Day.
谢传宝：像这样就批判嘛。
Xie Chuanbao: It was to be criticized like that.
汪作民：同时宣布的一百多人。包括县委书记、副县长、很多科长、这里面中小学教师特别多。
Wang Zuomin: Over 100 people were announced like that, including secretary of the county Party committee, vice-county magistrate, many section chiefs, and a lot of high and elementary school teachers.
谢传宝：批判大概持续了十多天。就不容我分说，然后就处理，处理就是降级、开除党籍。
Xie Chuanbao: Criticism went on for over ten days. Not permitted to explain, I was demobilized and expelled from the Party.
胡同增：历史背景、文化水平，以及所受的教育等等都不一样。因此，并不是有什么共同点，大家物以类聚到那一个地方。是被一个政治暴力给弄到那去的。因此，在那里几百人,各式各样的人物都有。
Hu Tongzeng: With different historical background, cultural level and education, like attracts like, we were driven to the same place,
driven by a political storm. So there were all kinds of people among the several hundreds.
刘加强（原东风农场党委书记 场长）：当时13军的右派全都在我们这，13军。有一个军政治部副主任，一大批一百多人
Liu Jiaqiang: (former secretary of the Party Committee in Dongfeng Farm, farm head) Then all the rightists of the 13th armed forces
were in our place. There was a vice military director in the political department, over 100 people.
钟履鸿：（原东风农场生产大队 干部）右派这部分不喊职工。直接喊监督生产，监督生产人员。
Zhong Luihong ( former cadre of production team in Dongfeng Farm ) Rightists there were not considered staff, directly called
production supervisors.
汪作民：苦活脏活累活都是我们干，不仅如此还有人身侮辱。
Wang Zuomin: All the hard, dirty and tiring work was for us to do; moreover, we had to bear personal insult.
赵汉科：不是他能管知识分子，而是知识分子有个紧箍咒就像孙悟空一样，你动我就念紧箍咒，就这么个事情，最好管了。
Zhao Hanke: It was not that they were able to direct intellectuals, but it was, just like Monkey King, intellectuals had a jinguzhou,
The moment you move, I will read the jinguzhou, that was it, very easy to treat the victims.( Note: jinguzhou means
the Incantation of Golden Hoop, used by the Monk in the novel Pilgrimage to the West <>to keep the Monkey King under control—inhibition.)
小标题：勞動·靈魂改造
Subtitle: Labor . Spiritual Reform ( 9/7, Thurs.)
杨校长：(东风农场第三小学 校长) 以前的右派一般都是下放到整个农场的所谓农场边疆的边疆，比较贫苦的地方。
Headmaster Yang (former headmaster of #3 Elementary School in Dongfeng Farm) Those rightists were usually sent to the
frontier region of the whole farm, relatively poverty-stricken areas.
（李泽衡 摄影）
(photographer Li Zeheng)
胡同增：当地的地名就很吓人，有个地名叫“豺狗窝”就是狼窝，有个地方叫“吊死坡”。
Hu Tongzen: The local places’ names sounded terrible, one was “jackals pit”, i.e. wolf pit. Another was called “ hang by neck slope”
王家有：（原东风农场职工）这个农场才有二十家人，人家形容各个房前屋后的草就可烧一年。
Wang Jiayou: (former worker of the farm) There were only 20 households in the farm, it was said that the wild weeds in front
of and behind the houses were enough to be used as fuel.
胡同增：荒烟草蔓，野草过人。
Hu Tongzeng: Bleak and desolate with creeping weeds which were taller than a man.
赵福运：那么一个荒凉的地方，怎么办呢？就让这些右派用锄头开啊、挖啊。
Zhao Fuyun: How to deal with such a wild desolated place? Just to make those rightists open and dig up with hoes.
王家有：（原东风农场职工）当时最小“右派”十八到十九岁。
Wang Jiayou: (former worker of that farm) Then the youngest rightists were 18 and 19 years old.
谢传宝：我一贯到农场表现还是比较好的，我们经常搞查评。
Xie Chuanbao: I usually behaved well in the farm, we often had appraisal through comparison.
张 路：唉约，每个礼拜都要搞一回检查交待。
Zhang Lu: Oh, every week we had to have inspection and confession.
谢传宝：半个月中评，一个月大评。
Xie Chuanbao: We had a mid-month appraisal and a general one in a whole month.
问：评最好的会得到什么呢？
Question: What could the best appraised/graded get?
谢传宝：不得到什么，就是好象把这个查评交给组长，组长做备案，你改造的情况。
Xie Chuanbao: Nothing. The results of the appraisal/grading were handed to group leaders as a record of your reform.
钟履鸿：训话就是你们要好好接受改造，早日争取回到人民队伍里来。
Zhong Luihong: Admonition was that you should well face up to the reform and try to return to the people’s rank earlier. ( 10/7, Fr. )
谢传宝：评的最差的呢，一个是扣饭。
Xie Chuanbao: One way to punish the worst graded was deducting a meal or meals.
李泽衡：那些领导叫我们：“向党交真心，重新做新人”。这些标语我还写过。
Li Zeheng: Those leaders told us: “ Open your heart to the Party and become a new person.” I still wrote those slogans.
问：东风农场中有女“右派“吗？
Question: Were there any women rightists in the farm?
王家有：（原东风农场职工）有啊！唉。还多。将近占百分之三十左右。
Wang Jiayou (former worker in the farm): Yes, many, about 30 percent.
冯永祺：（原农场五七战士）1958年他们来的时候没有牛，人拉犁就拉了两年。
Feng Yongqi: (former May 7th solder there) When they came in 1958, there were no cattle, man pulled plough for two years.
刘加强（原东风农场党委书记 场长）：那个时候没有牛，开荒就人拉，前面五六个人拉那个犁开荒。
Liu Jiaqiang (former secretary of the Party committee in the farm, farm head) No cattle then, to open up waste land needed
five or six men to pull plough(s).
王家有：（原东风农场职工）来的大部分是教师。
Wang Jiayou: Most of those who came were teachers.
冯永祺：女同志去拉犁，有人问：你们苦不苦啊？女同志答，她们就说：不苦，不苦，不累不累。
Feng Yongqi: When asked “Hard?”, the women pulling the plough answered: “ No, not hard, not tiring.”
王家有：以前我们耕田的犁是木头做的，那个时候没见过铁犁。
Wang Jiayou: The ploughs we used for farming were made of wood, no iron ones then.
汪作民：一开始就是大跃进，三面红旗。苦战，日日夜夜地干活。 都不收工在地里面待几天几夜。睡觉在地边上睡一下。
Wang Zuomin: At the beginning we got there, the ‘Great Leap Forward’ and ‘Three Red Banners’ movements started.
解传宝：因为那个时候总路线是多快好省建设社会主义嘛，是党中央一条线下来，就是这个口号。
Xie Chuanbao: The ‘General Line’ then was to build socialism by achieving greater, faster, better and more economical results.
That was implemented on the instruction of the Party Central Committee, that was the slogan.
赵汉科：很多人在那个环境里头，确实是以一个主人翁的态度在那里干，在那里干劳动啊。大部分对共产党是一片赤诚之心。
Zhao Hanke: In that situation many people worked, labored really as masters of the society. Most people had absolute sincerity
to the Communist Party.
李泽衡：我们没有牛，是用人去拉犁的。
Li Zeheng: There were no cattle and we had to pull ploughs.
冯永祺：结果肩膀都被拉破以后，晚上被窝里偷偷哭。
Feng Yongqi: As a result, our shoulders were cut through pulling the plough, we wept secretly in the quilt at night. (11/7, Sat.)
刘加强：劳动强度是非常的超出人的极限。
Liu Jiaqiang: The intensity of labor went well beyond the human limit.
赵汉科：拚命的劳动来让你认得，我不会反党、反社会主义。
Zhao Hanke: With laboring at the risk of my life I just let people know that I was not against the Party and socialism.
刘加强：你比如说，那个砍的收的玉米，那个玉米把它砍倒，把它捆起来， 他一个人的任务，一天是十五亩。你看，你怎么完成嘛。那么，要完成这十五亩的任务，他必须在天亮以前，在天亮以前必须要完成五亩。然后要拚命的干，要干到晚上十点钟。
Liu Jiaqiang: Make an example of cutting and collecting corns, in one day to cut down and bundle 15 mu (about 1 hectare)
of corns was one person’s task. For that toil, one had to finish 5 mu by daybreak and go on with all his might till
10 o’clock in the evening.
吴德本：结果58年去的那一年，收了三十多万斤包谷。
Wu Deben: Thus, in 1958 we reaped over 300,000 jin ( over 150,000 kilograms) of corns.
赵万科：当时的场长，党委书记执行政策很好，可以这样说。而且水平很好，他们确确实实，按我们的想法当时，按我们现在来看，他们是真正的共产党。就是为了争取民主自由，那个时候到延安，因为延安是民主圣地。对不对？他们是真正的奔着那个真民主、真自由，建立美好社会那个理想去的，他们是这种人。
Zhao Wanke: We should admit that the then farm leaders, secretaries of the Party committee well carried out policies with high standerd. In our today’s view, they were true communists who for real democracy and liberty got to Yanan (Shanxi province, a revolutionary base) For Yanan was a sacred place of democracy, right? They were the people fighting for real democracy and freedom, for building a true happy society, that was their ideal and they were that kind of people.
孙梓川：在石坪燕子洞（劳教所）死了很多人，大部分死亡原因，基本是饿死的。
Sun Zichuan: In Shiping Yanzidong (a house of reeducation through labor) many people lost life, most of them died mainly of hunger.
赵汉科：但是他们走啦。其中有一个叫王安广党委书记，分配工作到建水当县委书记。反右倾的时候，就把他整成右倾机会主义，拉到各个区县去斗。
Zhao hanke: But they left. One of them was called Wang Anguang, secretary of the Party committee, he was appointed to county Party secretary in Jianshui. He was attacked as Right-Opportunist, dragged to every county for struggle against him.
孙梓川：燕子洞这个劳教所撤销以后，他转到开远卧龙谷农场。我原来就是在卧龙谷农场。后来卧龙谷农场1959年8月撤掉啦，合并成
东风农场。
Sin Zichuan: After Yanzidong House of Reeducation through Labor was repealed, he was transferred to Volonggu Farm at
Kaiyuan (a place name) where I worked. In Aug. of 1958, that farm was also repealed and merged to Dongfeng Farm.
赵汉科：后来就是这个马定贵带着卧龙谷农场过来以后，采取了比奴隶主还残酷办法。
Zhao Hanke: Later it was the man Ma Dinggui who took Volonggu Farm and used a method crueler than slave owners did.
谢传宝：那个时候平饭，平大胃、中胃、小胃。
Xie Chuanbao: At that time we were assessed big, middle and small stomach.
王元庆：吃的嘛，强劳动力8两、二等劳动力6两、最惨的是弱劳动力完不成任务的。
Wang Yuanqing: For food, strong labor force---eight liang a day (close to 400 grams); 2nd force—six liang, the most miserable
was the weak labor force that could not finish the heavy task.
谢传宝：所谓大胃就相当于现在三小碗饭。
Xie Chuanbao: The so-called big stomach was equal to today’s three small bowls of rice.
汪作民：通过劳动改造自己的反动世界观，通过劳动洗心革面，脱胎换骨重新做人。
Wang Zuomin: Through labor to remake one’s counter-revolutionary world-outlook, thoroughly reform oneself, be reborn
for a new person.
（右派群像 张路 摄影）
( The Whole Rightists’ Appearance, photographer: Zhang Lu )
胡同增：但是实际上，那就是一个集中营。
Hu Tongzeng: But in fact it was simply a concentration camp.
李泽衡：这种集中营我们受得多重压迫，那不是一句话两句话能给你说清楚的。
Li Zeheng: In that camp we were oppressed in many ways which can not be expressed clearly in a few words.
赵汉科：在那个时候你有什么？除了劳动的权力以外，就是任何权力没有。
Zhao Hanke: In those years what did we have? Except the right for labor, no other right. (12/7, Sun.)
张 路：这个是我照得，使锄头的这个是蒙自地委的。掏个窝窝，这边这个点花生, 种点肥料的.
Zhang Lu: This picture was taken by me, the one who held a hoe was working at Mengzi prefectural Party committee. To make a
nest, here for peanut and some fertilizer.
吴德本：第二年开始，我们就收了90多万斤粮食。
Wu Deben: From the next year we reaped more than 450,000 kilograms of grain.
赵福运：大跃进的时期，那简直惨啊，打啊吊啊关啊。
Zhao Fuyun: It was so inhuman during the Great Leap Forward----beating, hanging and locking up.
李泽衡：我们生产队叫长塘子生产队，有个支部书记叫满庭福的，大家背后叫他满阎王。
Li Zeheng: Ours was named Changtangzi Production Team. People called the Party branch secretary Man Tingfu, King of Hell.
解传宝：他总会有工作给你干，不会叫你闲着，
Xie Chuanbao: He always had some work for you, never let you free,
李泽衡：我经常完不成他们见风长的定额，
Li Zeheng: I often failed to accomplish their increasing-like-wind quota.
解传宝：天还冷还黑黑的，哨子一吹就要起来就干了。
Xie Chuanbao: We had to get up for labor with whistle in the cold darkness.
李泽衡：完不成，他们给我受刑，让我光着身子背苦刺回来，我挑不行，要叫我背。
Li Zeheng: When failed to finish the heavy task, I was tortured with carrying bitter thorn on naked back, not shouldering.
解传宝：一边剥花生种，一边开批斗会，还搞查评。
Xie Chuanbao: While shelling peanuts for sowing we had to suffer criticism-struggle meeting along with inspection and appraisal.
李泽衡：就是背回来，你们不通过这样背回来就没改造好。
Li Zwwheng: They said you had to carry back the bitter thorn on naked back, without it, you would not be well reformed.
赵汉科：用东风农场干部的话说：就是分化瓦解。
Zhao Hanke: In the farm leaders’ words: it was to split and disintegrate. (13/7, Mon.)
汪作民：作检查干部不管的，干部也没那个精神管，他也没那个水平管，就是让右派斗右派。
Wang Zuomin: The things the leaders for inspection did not want to manage ( struggle against rightists),other unqualified cadres did
not bother to do that either, so the only way was to let rightists fight against each other.
解传宝：我听完你的检查以后，我就说你还有那些缺点如何如何。
Xie Chuanbao: When hearing some rightist’s self-criticism, I would have to say he/she still had some shortcomings, etc..
汪作民：那个时候人们表现左，我检查一遍，你提出来，不深刻。
Wang Zuomin: In those years people tried to behave left so they often pointed out some person’s self-criticism not incisive.
解传宝：各个都是违心拿些大帽子加在自己身上。
Xie Chuanbao: Everyone had to, against his will, put a big label on oneself.
汪作民：他又提出不但不深刻还在继续放毒。
Wang Zuomin: But some else would say “your self-criticism is not only not incisive, but is also going-on spreading poisonous ideas.”
解传宝：对待别人的批判，要表明自己的态度。
Xie Chuanbao: To other people’s criticism, we had to express our attitude.
汪作民：他又提出来：毫无悔改之心。
Wang Zuomin: Another person would say: “ you have no repentance.”
解传宝：我是反党反社会主义啦，我的罪行是不可饶恕啦。
Xie Chuanbao: So we had to admit: “I fight against the Party and socialism, my offendence is unforgivable.”
汪作民：右派受到处分以后首先是撤职，到农场监督劳动。他的生活待遇怎么办呢？
按农业工人的工资级别，农业工人的最低级，当时在弥勒地区是21块。
Wang Zuomin: The first punishment rightists got was dismissal and supervised labor in the farm. How about their treatment?
With the same pay for agriculture workers, the lowest level, it was 21 yuan in Mile Area.
赵福运：你一个月21块钱还拿不到手。
Zhao Fuyun: And we could not actually get the pay.
汪作民：场领导自行修改了工资规定，搞出了负一级负二级，负一级是18块。
Wang Zuomin: The farm leaders themselves revised the rule of pay to so-called minus level 1 and 2, minus 1 was 18 yuan.
解传宝：我们分成14块16块18块。
Xie Chuanbao: For us it was graded 14, 16, and 18 yuan.
汪作民：少数表现好的才拿最低工资21块。
Wang Zuomin: Only the few who were considered to behave well were able to get the lowest level 21 yuan.
孙梓川：弄这种在一起抢工分。
Sun Zichuan: This made us vie for work points.
赵福运：抢工分我劳动力不行抢不过人家。
Zhao Fuyun: By work point, my workforce was low so I was inferior to others.
解传宝：表现的差，只给你14块的生活费。
Xie Chuanbao: For those who behaved bad, were just given 14 yuan as life allowance.
孙梓川：他就把我的工资定在14块5角6上。
Sun Zichuan: My pay was graded at 14.56 yuan.
赵福运：这是一种手段，一种残忍的手段。
Zhao Fuyun: That was a means, a cruel means.
孙梓川：尽管你定在14块5角6，但我干工作是非常积极的啊，
Sun zichuan: Though my pay was graded at 14.56 yuan, I worked very hard.
赵福运：有的人，劳动力没有，抢多少分？去了吃饭就发两块钱三块钱。
Zhao Fuyun: Some people had no workforce, how many work points could they vie for? They were given 2 or 3 yuan for a meal.
孙梓川：我在全队抢工分抢得第一名。
Sun Zichuan: In the whole team I got number one in vying for work points.
赵福运：一种分化瓦解各个击破，让你们狗咬狗一嘴毛。
Zhao Fuyun: One way to split and disintegrate was to destroy one by one---make you dogs bite one another with a full mouth hair.
孙梓川：他们利用右派在经济上互相争，政治上互相斗。
Sun Zichuan: They used rightists to fight each other economically and struggle one another politically.
钟履鸿：他们大部分都是知识分子，他们是处于监督生产人员，所以你给他讲，他不敢怎么样，他们有少数有点反抗的现象。
Zhong Luihong: (former cadre of production team) Most of them were professional, production supervisors, so they dared do nothing when lectured. Only a few had a bit spirit of revolt.
解传宝：如果你完不成任务，你的吃饭的级别随时可以更改，会降到中胃，降到小胃。
Xie Chuanbao: If one failed to accomplish his task, his meal level could be changed anytime, degraded to middle or small stomach.
李泽衡：苦刺把它砍下来，用脚踩到秧田里面，我们是用脚踩的，那个是刺的，踩完以后，把它腐烂以后再把它捞出来。冬天，在冬水田，压那个苦刺以后，每天脚开裂很大的，我们用缝衣服的大针，衲鞋底的大针，把自己的肉皮连起来，开很大的裂口用麻线连起来。连起来以后照样去踩苦刺。是这样来赎罪。也不行。
Li Zeheng: When bitter thorns cut down, we treaded them into rice seeding bed with our feet. They were prickly. After the treading,
we fished for the thorns after they got rotten. In the winter paddy field, our feet had big cracks after treading the bitter thorns.
We used the big sewing needles and even needles to stitch soles (of cloth shoes) to connect our skin and flesh; for very big cracks we used flaxen thread, when linked, we went on laboring. Even with such atonement, we were not forgiven. (14/7)
钟履鸿：只要有点毛病的话，找到你头上你就倒霉。
Zhong Luihong: So long as they found you having a bit shortcomings, they would make you bad-lucked..
王元庆：他（指钟履鸿）整这些右派简直是下得了手。有一次,我吃几颗花生,他说:王元庆你吃的？我就把花生拿给他，他把这个花生拿到手上以后，用个报纸一包，包成一个大包，报纸包成变成一个大包，拿到他们贫下中农会上面。王元庆偷花生。
Wang Yuanqing: He (referring to Zhong Luihong ) gave the rightists a hard time without any mercy. Once, catching me eating
a few peanuts, he asked: “Wang Qingyuan, you ate the peanuts?” I showed him the food. Holding the few peanuts in his hand, he wrapped them in a newspaper and made it a big bundle. Then he took the bundle to the poor and lower-middle peasant meeting, saying that Wang Yuanqing stole peanuts. (??)
赵汉科：开斗争会，三步曲，站出来、跪下来、打起来。
Zhao Hanke: There were usually three steps in the struggle meeting: standing out, kneeling and being beaten.
钟履鸿：右派就绑起来打、吊。
Zhong Luihong: Rightists were bound to be beaten and hung.
赵汉科：打人的是什么人去打呢？
Zhao Hanke: What kind of people did the beating?
汪作民：挑动右派里面所谓积极分子，用打人来表现自己。
Wang Zuomin: The so-called activists of the rightists were incited to do the beating so as to behave themselves well.
王家有：你是摘了帽子的右派，我是没摘帽子的，你当组长，你可以有权力打我。有呢，可以打。捆、绑、吊、打。
Wang Jiayou: You were a label-removed rightist while I was rightist with label on, you were the leader with the right to beat me.
Yes, you had the right to tie, bind, hang and beat.
汪作民：这个风是谁开始刮的呢？就是当时的党委书记马定贵。
Wang Zuomin: Who came to blow such a wind? It was the then Secretary of the Party committee Ma Dinggui.
刘加强：批斗的时候都为了表现自己上去去打，也有这样的情况，但这样的事不宣传，没有代表性。
Liu Jiaqiang: At the criticism and struggle meeting everyone went up to do the beating for a good show. But such things
were not propagated for they were not typical.
解传宝：所谓积极分子，是根据每次查评，都是列为甲等。都是大家公认的，又肯干活，又听活，又能够沉痛的反省自己的罪行。
Xie Chuanbao: The so-called activists were those ranked number A in the appraisal and accepted by others: worked hard,
obedient and introspected their crimes with deep feeling of grief.
胡同增：在那个地方，已经是退化到奴隶社会。那就是说，农业的劳动力钉死在土地上，你不能走的，走了就要抓回来吊起来，给你一点饭吃，为了让你能够明天还再劳动，劳动所得的果实，颗粒归公。有了这几个条件，这不是奴隶社会是什么呢？
Hu Tongzeng: In that place it retrogressed to slave society. That meant agricultural work force was bound to land, you could not leave.
Once you dared go, you would be caught back for hanging, just gave you a bit to eat for tomorrow’s labor. All fruits of our labor were for the public. With those conditions, wasn’t it a slave society, was it?
问： 他们也有没有妻子？
Question: Did they have a wife?
王家有：唉哟，有的妻子讲阶级斗争，有的妻子因划成右派离了婚了。
Wang Jiayou: Oh, some wives insisted on class struggle, and some of them divorced their husbands just because they were rightists.
问：离婚在农场你是第一个。
Question: You were the first to get divorced?
王元庆：我，我是第一个，1958年的4月份，法院的通知来了，没有什么理由。
她不划清界线她也要扫地出门。这是必然的，因为她是共产党员。就这样的情况下我并没有怨她。
Wang Qingyuan: I, I was the first. In April of 1958, the court posted me a notice of divorce without giving any reason. If she
(his wife) had not drawn a clear distinction, she would have been driven out in dire poverty. That was
unchangeable for she was communist. In such a case, I did not complain about her.
李泽衡：1959年的10月1号，就是特赦爱新觉罗这一天，我呢就摘帽子了。
Li Zeheng: On Oct.1st of 1959, the day when the last emperor of Qing dynasty Aixinjueluo got decree of a pardon, my label
of rightist was removed.
解传宝：那个时候鼓舞人相当大，但是上千号人满怀信心，它只摘寥寥无几的9个右派。
Xie Chuanbao: At that time it was quite inspiring, but, with full confidence, of nearly thousand rightists only nine got their label
cast off.
李泽衡：当然摘帽子的人究竟是不是表现好？那不一定。是根据他们的需要吧。
Li Zeheng: Of course, were those whose label was removed really behaved well? Not exactly. It was decided according to
the need of the above.
解传宝：虽然摘帽没有自己的名字，但我马上恢复到平静状态。打砖兢兢业业，历次受到沙组长的夸奖。沙组长是一个下放干部。他说：好，你好好地搞，解传宝，你多咱创造条件把帽子摘掉，就是我当组长的一个心愿了。我说：好，我要对得起领导对我的关爱。
Xie Chuanbao: Though my name was not on the list of label-removed rightists, I returned calm immediately. I made bricks very hard
always got group leader Sha’s compliment. Sha was a cadre transferred to a lower level. He said to me: “ Good, work hard, Xie Chuanbao, it is my wish, a group leader’s wish, that you create conditions to get the label removed. I replied: “OK, I must live up to the leaders’ concern with me.”
汪作民：唯一的希望就是早日摘掉帽子。
Wang Zuomin: The only hope was to get our labels cast off.
刘加强：右派摘掉帽子了就可以当老师，所以我从小学读一年级开始，我的老师都是右派。
Liu Jiaqiang: ( secretary of the Party committee, farm head, in 1990)With label removed, former rightists were permitted to teach, so, from grade one in my elementary school all my teachers were former rightists.
汪作民：最起码要赢得当时领导的信任。
Wang Zuomin: At least we had to get trust from the then leaders.
解传宝：然后呢，我就日以继夜地苦战，打砖、剥花生种、晚上开批斗会积极发言，所谓积极发言是检查自己，深刻地检查自己，向人民低头认罪，自己无话找话说，找很多弱点：自己的罪恶太大了，但具体又说不出来，但是要变本加厉把话说得多恳切一些。就像你真的犯了不可饶恕的罪行一样。
Xie Chuanbao: Then, I worked very hard day and night---made bricks, shelled peanuts, spoke actively at the struggle meeting in the evening, i.e., made incisive self-criticism, pleaded guilty to the people, trying to find something to say, to find my weak points: such as that my offence was too serious, but as for what a specific guilt/offence I had, I could not say. However, I had to be further intensified for the sincere words as if I had really had unforgivable guilt.
吴德本：后来经过我们大家的劳动开荒，搞到了一万多亩土地。
Wu Deben: Later, through all our opening up waste land, we achieved over ten thousand mu ( over 666 hectares) of cultivated area.
( 15/7, Wed.)
PUBLICOCCURRENCES
