"The Chinese Cultural Revolution," by Zhang Mu. Chapter 1.2-2

9. After the CCP established government, Mao’s various "anti-Party group" case of eliminating dissidents（1952-1962).

(1) PRC founding fathers “fall from a horse” or “stands out of the way” one by one

(1) On October 1, 1949, “founding ceremony” (from left to right) Liu Shaoqi, Mao, Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi, Li Lisan in Tiananmen. Almost all of these persons beside Mao were persecuted to death. (2) In “founding ceremony” Mao and Liu Bocheng. After “liberation”, the meritorious and prominent Marshal Liu Bocheng only hosted the work of Military Academy; in 1958 the military commission enlarged “counter-dogmatism” meeting, Mao said: “I do not know how many Marxism-Leninism in the Military Academy”, so he become a "representative of the bourgeois military line”,"step aside" and was persecuted. (3) Li Lisan and his Russian wife in 1954. Li Lisan, born in 1899, the CCP early time leader, in 1928 attended the 6th Party Congress in Moscow, elected as member of the Central Committee and the Political Bureau alternate committee member, in 1930 June he presided over the Politburo conference under the Soviet Russian operation, made the resolution “New revolutionary upsurge and first won a Province or Several Provinces", requested regional revolt immediately overthrow the National government. Actually it was inefficient, but was listed as one of “CCP’ struggles between two lines” by Mao. Because the inner-party struggle he once was imprisoned in Moscow for more than one year. After establishing CCP government, he was appointed as minister of Labor Ministry, vice-minister of Communications Ministry and so on. After June, 1967, he was interrogated brutally many times by the rebels. On the afternoon of July 4, the rebels announced that Li Lisan committed suicide. The cause of death has always been unclear

(2) "Gao Gang and Rao Shushi anti-Party Alliance" case

In 1934 Red Army “Long March”, in 1935 October, arrived North Shaanxi Liu Zhidan (afterward sacrificed, the death cause, some said he died in battle, but some said was killed by Maoists) and Gao Gang's CCP base. On October 1, 1949 Gao Gang was vice-president and stood nearby Mao’s side to participate the founding ceremony, latter he was in charge of the Northeast area. In November, 1952, Gao Gang was transferred to Beijing be the State Planning Commission president. In February, 1953, Rao Shushi was minister of Organization of the CCP. Because Mao was unsatisfied Liu Shaoqi gradually, during the national finance and economics meeting from June to August 1953, and the national organizational work conference from September to October 1953, Mao tacitly agreed Gao Gang and Rao Shushi to attack Liu Shaoqi, Bo Yibo and so on, but Liu Shaoqi was powerful at the time. In December, 1953, the 4th Session Plenary of the 7th CCP Conference was held, Mao intentionally asked for leave, Liu Shaoqi presided over the conference, so Gao Gang and Rao Shushi were accused “engaged in the clique and colluded with Soviet Union”. In February, 1954, Gao Gang discovered he was swindled, and was put under house arrest and then he committed suicide. Afterward Rao Shushi died the cause of death was unclear. In March, 1955, the CCP passed “Resolution of Gao Gang and Rao Shushi Counter-Party Alliance", Deng Xiaoping reported “Gao Gang and Rao Shushi Counter-Party Alliance case". The North Shanxi CCP base leader all were cleaned, Xi Zhongxun was removed from office in 1962 by Kang Sheng, collaborated with Mao in the “novel ‘Liu Zhidan’ anti-party case”.

(1) In 1946, Lin Biao, Gao Gang and Chen Yun. (2) On September 30, 1949, new elected Central People's Government President Mao Zedong with Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Song Qingling, Li Jishen, Zhang Lan, and Vice-President Gao Gang on the national Political Consultative Conference chairman's podium. (3) Gao Gang. (4) Rao Shushi.

(1) On February 6~10, 1954, Liu Shaoqi hosted the Fourth Plenary Session of 7th CCP Conference; report said it “has crushed Gao Gang and Rao Shushi counter-party alliance’s evil activity”. (2) Rao Shushi “Greets the Democratic High Tide”. South Hebei Bookstore Published, 1948. (3) Rao Shushi "On CCP Member’s Spirit”. Jiaodong New China Bookstore published, 1949. (4,5) In 2008, in Gao Gang’s hometown, Lingshan Village, Hengshan County, Shaanxi province, people raised capital to construct a Gao Gang Memorial Hall, in 2009 it built a bronze statue of Gao Gang for the Memorial Hall’s opening ceremony.

(3) “Pan Hannian and Yan Fan anti-Party group" case

Pan Hannian (1906-1977), in 1925 joined CCP, was engaged in “CCP underground work” for a long time in Shanghai, and was an outstanding red spy. He coordinated the relations of CCP and Soviet Russian, of CCP and Japanese. He was also the evidence which Mao and Wang Jingwei secret colluded, therefore after obtaining the power Mao must eliminate him. After 1949, Pan Hannian was the vice secretary of Shanghai CCP Committee and Shanghai’s deputy mayor. Yang Fan (1912-1999), in 1937 joined CCP. In 1930s he worked in Shanghai with Jiang Qing’s ex-husband, so he knew clear about Jiang Qing's history, this is the one of the reasons that he was punished unjustly for 25 years. In April, 1955, Mao wrote “this person (Pan Hannian) henceforth not to be able the credit”, immediately sent Luo Ruiqing (Ministry of Public Security Minister) to do a “Pan Hannian and Yang Fan Anti-revolutionary Bloc”, secretly arrested them, said that Pan Hannian “surrendered Kuomintang, had sold himself to the Japanese secret service, and secretly met with Wang Jingwei in 1940. After Shanghai liberation he shielded many counter-revolutionaries and supplies the information to Taiwan….. After the liberation, Yan Fan was deputy director of Shanghai Public Security Bureau, he entrusted with heavy responsibility on Hu Junhe and so on a lot of counter-revolutionary spy member.” Pan Hannian In 1963 was sentenced for 15 years, in 1977 was persecuted to death. Yang Fan was sentenced for 16 years in 1965. Mao made a gesture that he is not murder eliminates a potential informant, at 7000 persons’ congress in 1962 he said: “Pan Hannian, this person worked as Shanghai deputy mayor, in the past he once had secretly surrendered to Kuomintang, now kept in jail, but we do not kill him.” After Mao died, the CCP issued “Rehabilitated Exoneration for comrade Pan Hannian, to restore his reputation” in 1982 ", and it said “at that time Pan Hannian met with Japanese and Wang Jingwei’s secret service, this activity was the work need”. And it said “after 1955, the activity for comrade Yang Fan’s arrest and sentence is wrong. Comrade Yang Fan has been punished unjustly more than 20 years, should give rehabiliation, restore his reputation, eliminate the influence”. More than 2500 CCP senior officers have suffered persecutes because “Pan Hannian and Yang Fan Anti-revolutionary Bloc Case”.

（1）Pan Hannian.（2）Yang Fan.（3）Richard Sorge (1895—1944) German, Soviet Red Army General Staff Dept information agent, Comintern representative in China. In 1930 stayed in China for 3 years by the status of German reporter, the duty was collect information. At that time in Shanghai CCP Zhou Enlai set up a “central special branch”, the Chinese “Cheka” (counterrevolutionary suppression committee), guaranteed the central committee leader's safety, and collect information, establish the secret broadcasting stations and so on; Zhou Enlai two times went to Soviet. American woman writer Agnes Smedley had a great help for Sorge to establish intelligence network. The Japanese New Society on May 8, 2008 " Sorge Secretly Contact with Zhou Enlai in Shanghai--Information Domain Cooperation in 1931" reported that Sorge helped the Comintern and Zhou Enlai and Pan Hannian's “central special branch” close cooperation. In October, 1941, Sorge was arrested in Japan, on November 7 executed by hanging in Tokyo by Japanese security police. Soviet Union once refused to acknowledge that he is the Comintern spy, but afterward awarded him the “Soviet hero” title.（4）Zhang Wenqiu (1903-2002), in 1931 arranged her by Zhou Enlai she work  Shanghai Communist International

the organization did preparation to establish a China nationwide Soviet Central office. After 1949, she was assistant director of China Bank’s personnel office. Her big daughter Liu Siqi married Mao Anying, Mao’s eldest son; her second daughter Shao Hua married Mao Anqing, Mao’s second son. Because She was engaged in CCP’s underground work for a long time, in Cultural Revolution, she also suffered persecution. (5) Guan Lu (1907-1982), in 1930s she published many novels. In 1932 joined CCP, from1939 to 1945, she was dispatched by CCP worked in Wang Jingwei’s government and the Japanese Embassy; she was CCP’s outstanding red spy. In 1945 Sino-Japanese War ended, because she was charged of traitor, suffered each kind of attack, lifelong has not married. Because she once was implicated Pan Hannian’s case, two times in prison for 10 years. she died pitifully.（6）Hu Junhe (1907-1993), joined CCP in 1925, attended the 6th CCP Congress in Moscow, and was the representative of the Youth Comintern, Chinese Branch. After the returning to China, he was member of north CCP central committee, Executive member of Jiangxi Chinese Soviet Republic Central Committee. In 1932 he was arrested and surrendered. In 1938 Kuomintang dispatched him to Shanghai as a Central Bureau of Investigation and Statistics Bureau’s section chief, Wang Jingwei (the traitor to China) government appoint him responsible spy and intelligence work in Nanjing and Shanghai. This period, he related closely with Pan Hannian, did a go-between relations for CCP and Wang Jingwei and Japan, and provided the information for CCP.