12. Deng Xiaoping was withdrew all his posts, Huang Guofeng came on stage（1976）
In 1976, Mao was serious ill, but the thought was not muddled, determined to overthrow Deng Xiaoping to guarantee his succession scheme. Mao said to Secretary of Vietnamese Communist Le Duan about Deng, “I died, no one can suppress him. He has the sentiment to privatization with household responsibility, do not hate the capitalist-roader. He does not stress the class struggle. He has a ‘white cat or black cat’ theory, no matter it is the imperialism or Marxism”. On April 7, the CCP Central Political Bureau passed the resolutions “Hua Guofeng holds the CCP Central Committee First Vice-president, the State Council Premier” and “Abolish Deng Xiaoping’s Inside and outside Party All Duty”. Beijing more 100,000 people were organizated to hold the general assembly to celebrate “firmly support the CCP’s central’s two resolutions”, celebrate “crushes the counter-revolutionary adverse current victory”. The national other various provinces and cities all did so.
(1) On March 10, 1976, People's Daily published Mao’s“new instruction”: criticized Deng “reversing the verdicts does not have the support of the population.”. Then on March 28 People's Daily published Mao’s speech: “He (Deng) not to stress the class struggle, always does not mention this outline. `White cat, black cat ', no matter is the imperialism or the”. (2) Present Jiangxi Nanchang a bridge constructed giant white cat and black cat to commemorate Deng. (3) In 1976 Mao was already critically ill, the 7th issue of Red Flag magazine published Mao’s health picture and in it published Mao’s speech once more: “He (Deng) does not to understand Marxism, represents the bourgeoisie. He said `never reverses the verdict', it is unreliable”, “capitalist-roader is still going” and so on. (4) The CCP Central Committee published “Hua Guofeng holds the CCP Central Committee First Vice-president, the State Council Premier” and “Abolish Deng Xiaoping’s Inside and outside Party All Duty”. announced the beginning of April's mass movement is “the Tiananmen Square counter-revolutionary political incident”.
The Xinhua News Agency distributes the propaganda pictures, the people all over the country “firmly support the CCP central’s two resolutions, angrily denounce Deng Xiaoping's counter-party crime”.
All over the country “firmly support the CCP central’s two resolutions, angrily denounce Deng Xiaoping's counter-party crime”.
All over the country “firmly support CCP central’s two resolutions, angrily denounce Deng Xiaoping's counter-party crime”.
(1) People's Liberation Army earnestly studied May 16, 1976 People's Daily published Mao’s highest instruction “the capitalist-roader is still going”. (2) The working class studied “the capitalist-roader is still going” “reversing the verdicts does not have the support of the population” the highest instruction. (3,4) The highest instruction publicity materials “the capitalist-roader is still going” “reversing the verdicts does not have the support of the population”.
（1）“firmly support CCP central’s two resolutions, angrily denounce Deng Xiaoping's counter-party crime”.（2）““The capitalist-roader is still going! We must resolutely fight!”（3）“The capitalist-roader is still going！There are capitulators indeed!”
“Criticize Deng Xiaoping and counter the Right deviationist trend to reverse correct verdicts".
13. The fourth “red terror” Climax, “investigating politics rumor, capturing the reactionary slogan or poetry, cracking down the counter-revolutionary activity”（1976）
Mao was seriously ill, Huang Guofeng, Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin took charge. After “Qingming Tiananmen Incident”, the CCP strictly blockaded the news, the populace especially the educated youths wanted to know the outside things only depend the “hearsay” and the “political ballad” and so on. On April 8, 1976, the CCP central informed by phone call, all departments of the nation had to investigate “the counter-revolutionary activity (who and how mourned Zhou)”, severely to attack the “dispersion politics rumor” “reactionary slogan or poetry” and so on; on 10th, Ministry of Public Security again telephone message, each region had to report the central the work “deployment, progress and situation” of the tracing “rumors”. On April 12, the Ministry of Public Security again telephone message, compelled various provinces police stations to investigate once more “political rumors”, “premier’s last words”, centralized firepower to criticize Deng and attack the producers of counter-revolutionary rumors, slogans and poetry; if discovered some where oversight, the persons in charge would chastise, everyday had to report.
Various provinces carry out positively; Take Anhui as the example, on May 8, Hefei convened 50,000 people to participate “fight against counter-revolutionary sabotage and trace counter-revolutionary rumor pledge assembly”, after the meeting, organized a armed militias and police demonstration; in the one half a month “investigating rumor” movement, Anhui altogether founds out 17651 “premier’s last words”, 4139 “rumor significant clue”in which 2000 were forwarded to other provinces and cities and 1000 were transfered in from other provinces and cities; Also finds out 100 cases about the Mao and Zhou criticized the “Gang of Four” and the Tiananmen Incident truth “rumors”; In Anhui province the arrested, detention, interrogated, isolation for examination population, were unable to count. Only in Liaoning Province, from April 1 to May 25, in less than two months, 685 people were isolated for examination, 213 were detained, 49 arrested, 11 were sentenced. In Jilin Province 139 people were detained or arrested, 32 were sentenced.
(1) In 1961, Zhou Enlai took his nephew Zhou Erhui’s hand in Beijing Zhongnanhai Zhou’s home entrance. In 1976 “investigation politics rumors” period, because Zhou Erhui and his wife attended Zhou Enlai’s memorial service in Beijing, after returned to home Jiangsu Huai’an county, he also received mail bag from Beijing, for this reason Jiangsu Province Huai'an County had established a “special case team” to investigate Zhou Erhui, who was an advanced teacher every year now was a dangerous character and had been interrogated repeatedly. Xie Baozhen, director of Huai'an County Women's Federation, because she had a close relate with Zhou Erhui’s wife, was interrogated several hours one day for several days by the “special case team”. Wang Ruxiang, the county magistrate, was farced by the “special case team” daily to “help” Zhou Erhui and his wife to “confess”. (2) “Tong Huaizhou”, Beijing Second Foreign Language College teacher Wang Wenfeng and so on 16-person-group, mimeographed poems of missing Zhou Enlai, sent out in Tiananmen Square. Afterward suffered persecution, Bai Xiaolang was arrested, more than 100 days later then released. (3) Li Tiehua, director of Beijing Red Flag Yue Opera Troupe, gave lecture in the Tiananmen Square, attack current politics, latter was grasped, received persecution, afterward released and got rehabiliation. (4) “Crush the counter-revolutionary public opinion with the revolutionary public opinion--The Red Flag magazine 1976 No.5 issue editorial, reprint by Liaoning Province propaganda and cultural front’s attack counter-revolutionary leading group office. At that time the newspapers published the many similar article, for example, on May 8, 1976 People's Daily: “Greatly make the revolutionary public opinion, tracing politics rumors (author: Wu Renbao, Jiangsu Province Jiangyin County Huaxi production brigade party branch secretary).
(1) Main victims of the “Premier’s last words” case, Li junxu (left fourth) after the middle school graduate (all College closed) became a worker in a Hangzhou factory. One day in 1976 Spring Festival, 23 year-old Li met his schoolmates who worked as the workers or educated youths in countryside, Li took the“premier’s last words” which was created by him, said it was he copied from other. Everybody believed and the transcription for their family members or friend to read. Afterward this “premier’s last words” had spreaded over the entire China rapidly. More than two months later, the CCP central committee issued emergency call notice: “premier’s last words” was “counter-revolutionary rumor”, all around the country launched to investigation. National Ministry of Public Security issued the document of “tracing rumor”. Less than one week, Li was arrested, originally it could settle a lawsuit rapidly, but the CCP central high-level wanted not to stop. Li junxu and his friend’s homes were confiscated te property, Li’s father (chief of Hangzhou First Hospital), and Li’s sister and friends’ parents (some were Zhejiang Province officials) and so on were grasped. Li was imprisoned for 18 months in Beijing jail, other people suffed persecution. (3) Yuan Min: “Return to 1976-- o - I experienced the ‘Premier’s last words’ case”. People's Literature Press, 2009. (4) Chen Ziming, in 1976 he was a student in Beijing Chemical Industry College, because participating in the Tiananmen Square mass movement, suffered persecution, in 1979 obtained the rehabiliation. In 1984 graduated from the Chinese Academy of Science Graduate School, presently was a renowned economist. (4) He Yanguang, in 1976 he was 25 years old, Beijing Chongwen District industry bureau party committee member, concurrently assistant director of Chongwen Chemical Fiber Factory Revolutionary Committee, he led the workers to mourn Zhou Enlai in Tiananmen Square, was prisoned, in more than 4 months had been interrogated 49 times. His Chemical Fiber Factory only 400 persons but more than 100 were implicate in the case. Untill in 1978, only then obtained the official rehabiliation. Presently he was Chinese Youth Daily photojournalist, vice-chairman of China News photography Academic society.
14. Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin ready to stage and did various political shows（1974-1976）
On April 17, 1974, Mao had written two replies to Jiang Qing, gave her money and encouraged her, one of the letter said: “Jiang Qing: Two letters received.… Party's situation is good, do not to be pessimistic, do not vacillate. The future is bright, the path is winding. Must unite ninety-five percent above people.” On November 12, 1974, Jiang Qing wrote a letter to Mao to recommend Xie Jingyi to be vice committee chief of National People's Congress, Qiao Guanhua to be vice-premier, Chi Qun to be minister of education. Mao wrote comment in her letter: “do not too much appear in public, do not grant documents; Do not form a cabinet by you (to work as boss), do the old madame, not do woman matchmaker”. (old madame analogies party chairman). Soon, Jiang Qing let Wang Hairong to convey her opinion to Mao that let Wang Hongwen works as National People's Congress vice committee chief, arranged behind Zhu De and Dong Biwu (these two were already 90 years old). Mao said to Wang Hairong: “Jiang Qing had the ambition, she wants Wang Hongwen to work as committee chief, she to be party's president.”
Mao depended upon Huang Guofeng (security minister), used army to have suppressed the Tiananmen Incident. But Mao lost other resources, inevitably more and more depended upon Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin and Huang Guofeng, but Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin could not make Mao to be satisfied, thus sometimes Mao severely scolded her. Now Mao could not help Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin immediately to come to power, and even if Wang Hongwen and Zhang Chunqiao took over the party and Government’s leadership temporarily, the domestic situation was not difficult to get stable. Mao thought that Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin could control Huang Guofeng in the future, so in April, 1976, Mao instructed: “Must create this public opinion, must propagandize Comrade Huang Guofeng, let the whole nation gradually know Comrade Huang Guofeng.”
In fact this time was Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin to rule the nation. Li Xiannian et al. recalled, in 1976 started, all previous the CCP Central Political Bureau meeting’s first item was Mao Yuanxin to transmit Mao’s newest highest instructions, Huang Guofeng and Wang Hongwen so on Political Bureau members and alternate members, only had to “hear”, after Mao Yuanxin’s speech, then was the meeting director said how to implement Chairmam Mao's instruction, and so on. Mao Yuanxin said: “I said several casually, enough for them to study a month.” Wang Hongwen was not even convinced, said “Whatsoever I am the party's vice-president”. Political Bureau member look up at Mao Yuanxin's authority, only then Deng dared to contradict with Mao Yuanxin at the meeting. In the period of Mao’s seriously ill, Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin performanced various preparations ascending the throne.On February 16,1976, Jiang Qing and Zhang Chunqiao instructed to put the documentary “Firmly Sruggle and do against with Deng Xiaoping” into production. In March, 1976, Mao instructed Mao Yuanxin to “help” Deng, if it was invalid, expanded to CCP Political Bureau to “help” Deng. Huang Guofeng, Wang Dongxing, Zhang Chunqiao, Ji Dengkui, Mao Yuanxin formed the guidance team to “help” several times, had no effect, leading to Deng revoked all his posts.
(1) Jiang Qing was the "national leader" as reported in the media, met with foreign guests
(1) In May, 1974, Jiang Qing, Li Xiannian, Huang Guofeng, Chen Yonggui and so on “national leaders” interview the actors of the “eight model operas”; The news report listed Jiang Qing as the first “national leader”. (2) Mao and Jiang Qing.
Poster, Jiang Qing is the core of leadership, Zhou Enlai and Kang Sheng and Chen Boda are only sets off.
(1) On February 22, 1972, Zhou Enlai and Jiang Qing accompanied American President Nixon to look that the model operas (model operas was Jiang Qing's political capital). (2) In September, 1973, Jiang Qing and Zhou Enlai accompanied French President Georges Pompidou to watch the model operas. (3) In 1973 Jiang Qing met with North Korean leader Kim Il Sung. (2) In April, 1975 Jiang Qing met with Madame Kim Il Sung.
(2) Roxane Witke, American history professor and writer, heared Jiang’s taradiddle then write her history book and published in the West
(1) Jiang Qing and Yao Wenyuan met with Roxane Witke. In August, 1972, an American women delegation visited China, including history professor and writer Roxane Witke. (2,3,4) Roxane Witke shoots photos for Jiang Qing. Jiang Qing deliberately many times looked for Roxane Witke to do a lengthy conversation, wanted Roxane Witke to propagandize her in overseas. (5) Roxane Witke afterward wrote Jiang Qing history according to her speechs, the book “Comrade Jiang Qing” publishes in the US. Her political opponents namely the majority CCP senior statesmen accused Jiang Qing “divulged a lot of party and state secrets”.
(3) Jiang Qing prepared her empress clothing, and the populace “national uniform”when she ascends the throne
(1) In 1974 Jiang Qing Ordered Tianjin’s designing personnels to design and to have manufactured a dress similar Queen’s embroidered skirt, only did this one and no person could do again. 1974 Vice-Premier Li Xiannian and Jiang Qing who put on the similar Queen’s skirt skirt, received Tobagan premier, all the newspapers reported “our country leader Jiang Qing, Li Xiannian and so on met with Tobagan premier”. (2,3,4) Jiang Qing instructed to design “the female national uniform” in Tianjin (effect renderings). In Cultural Revolution perion the national men and women only put on the military uniforms or the blue Chinese tunic suits, Jiang Qing prepared in her ascending throne herself to wear the Queen’s embroidered skirt and the women to wear “the female national uniforms” (or called “Jiang Qing skirts”) and the men to wear Chinese tunic suits. Tianjin and Liaoning in less than two months, in a hurry produced 77,565 “female national uniforms”, Xie Xuegong, director of Tianjin Revoluion Committee tried best to persuade women to wear the “female national uniforms”, but afterward they piled up and were invalid therefore suffered huge loss.
(4) Jiang Qing set up her “model” of Cultural Revolution in a village in Tianjin, the media greatly propagandized it
(1,2) From 1974 to 1976, Jiang Qing three times came to Tianjin Xiaojinzhuang village, engaged in setting up her Cultural Revolution “model”, criticizing Deng, political night schools, sanging the model operas, etc. In 1975 Deng once removed Jiang Qing’s “liaison officer” in Tianjin, after Deng’s fall she sent out her “liaison officer” again. She instructed People's Daily to have published 69 news reports abot her in Tianjin’s “struggle with revisionism”. (3) After Mao's death, Tianjin CCP committee convened assembly to denounces the “Gang of Four”, Xiaojinzhuang village and so on units exposed and criticized “Jiang's anti-party crimes”.
(5) Jiang Qing loudly said “criticizes Deng”and seizing power at the national agriculture meeting, Mao could not but criticized “Jiang Qing was irrelevant”
The national agriculture conference ( “the national agriculture learn from Dazhai conference”) began on September 15, 1975 in the Shanxi Xiyang County’s Dazhai, concluded in Beijing on October 19. Deng Xiaoping, Huang Guofeng, Jiang Qing, Chen Yonggui, Yao Wenyuan and so on arrived at Siyang Dazhai successively. But Chen Yonggui, Vice-Premier and in charge of agriculture, in Shanxi held the welcome ceremony alone for Jiang Qing, indicates her status was above Deng Xiaoping and Huang Guofeng. This time Mao already was seriously ill, but during the meeting Jiang Qing enjoyed amusement and let reporters follow her to a variety of political performances in Dazhai.
(1,2) In September, 1975, Deng in the Shanxi Dazhai, Huang Guofeng hosted here the national agriculture conference. Before the meeting, Jiang Qing in Dazhai spoke more than two hours to comment “Water Margin”, said that Song Jiang seized Chao Gai’ power, some people wanted to seize Mao’s power. In the opening ceremony Deng on behalf of the CCP Central and the State Council delivered the congratulatory remarks; The agenda had not arranged her to speak, Jiang Qing interrupted Deng’s speech unceasingly and quarrelled with Deng, she said Song Jiang to seize Chao Gai’ power, “present, the CCP central some one intend to seize Mao’s power!”Huang Guofeng also said: “Comrade Deng Xiaoping's speech not spoke Cultural Revolution's merit .....still like before rightists used the economy to press the revolution, it is precisely as a result of Comrade Deng Xiaoping's tendency, caused our part of people to suspect, shake, doubt the Proletarian Cultural Revolution's great reality and historic importance, this was should be worth us vigilant.” As soon as the opening ceremony finished, Jiang Qing instructed to print and distribute her speech, and issue her sound recording. The CCP senior statesmen expressed anger in abundance. Mao could not but criticize Jiang Qing “irrelevant”. (3,4) After Mao’s death, the CCP printed and distributed “used for the critique”: “Jiang Qing’s speech in receiving Dazhai Production Brigade cadres ", “what Jiang Qing done twice in Dazhai”. (5) After Mao’s death, a picture-and-story book “Dazhai peasants fight against the Skeleton Demon - Jiang Qing” was published.
(6) Li Ne, Jiang and Mao’s daughter, the deputy secretary of the CCP Beijing City Committee
Li ne, born in 1940, Mao and Jiang Qing's daughter. In 1966 after graduated from Beijing University history department, used alias “Xiao li” to work in the “Liberation Army Daily”(in the Cultural Revolution, one of Mao’s main media). In January, 1967, she organized a “rebellion team”, pasted the big-character poster to attack Hu Chi (on behalf of the president of Xinhua News Agency, national army Cultural Revolution Group members) and so on, the original leadership of “Liberation Army Daily” were overthrown and imprisoned. On January 17, Lin Biao wrote “a letter for revolution comrades of the Liberation Army Daily” (Mao signed “agree, a good answer”), definited her motion “had lighted a revolutionary fire in the newspaper office”. Then she served as editor of the group leader (quite Editor-in-Chief). In the newspaper office had raised to her personality cult. The Office and staff quarters are plastered with slogan “learn” and “saluted” to her, in the meetings always shout “who oppose Comrade Xiao Li who is present counter-revolutionary”, “who oppose Comrade Xiao Li we will overthrow whom”. The newspaper office had specially set up a “Xiao Li success” exhibition room, displayws her bicycle, drinking mug, “hard work and plain living attitude”. In 1973 she attended the CCP tenth Congress. From 1974 to 1975, she was secretary of Beijing Pinggu county CCP committee and deputy secretary of Beijing CCP committee. Her rise's step compared with Lin Biao’s son Lin Liguo to be much quicker. In 1970 she married a Mr. Xu (a service person in Beidaihe the CCP Central Administrative Office Guest House), had a son, latter divorced. In 1984 she married with Wang Jingqing (born in 1929 was, once was Kunming military region Nujiang military sub-region chief staff officer). After 1976, once was unemployed; 1986 worked in CCP central office Secretary Bureau; after 2003, she was member of the National Political Consultative Committee.
(1) Mao Yuanxin, Mao Zedong, Jiang Qing, Li ne. 1953. (2) Li ne, Lin Liheng (Lin Biao’s daughter), Ye Qun (Lin Biao’s wife) in the rostrum of Tiananman. (3) In 1967 “May Day” festival, Mao and Li na (official to deputy secretary of Beijing CCP committee).
(1) Hu Chi, on behalf of editor-in-chief of Liberation Army Daily, head of Xinhua News Agency. In 1967 Li Ne (Xiao Li) was arranged to be responsible in Liberation Army Daily, she carried on rebellion, did “Hu Chi plot clique case”, Jiang Qing and Lin Biao's supported her. Hu Chi was compelled to commit suicide, bud was saved by other. The case implicated several dozens people, encounters interrogate brutally, some were suffered nervous breakdown. Hu Chi afterward was rehabilitated, continued to be Liberation Army Daily editor-in-chief, passed away in December, 2001. (2) Feng Zheng (1920-2009), on December 29, 2005, in Zhuhai. He once was vice-editor-in-chief of Liberation Army Daily, director of People's Liberation Army general staff department political department. In Cultural Revolution, Li Ne said he was “Peng Dehuai's trumpeter”, he suffered persecution. (3) Zhao Yiya (1917-2002), PLA major general, editor-in-chief of Liberation Army Daily. Li Ne also did a “Zhao Yiya restore capitalism counter-revolutionary adverse current case”, afterward Chen Boda said that Zhao Yiya was “the mean bourgeoisie politician”, Zhao was overthrown and persecuted. (4) Zhang Qiuqiao, Zhang Chunqiao's younger brother, deputy secretary of Liberation Army Daily office Party committee. When Li Ne revolted in Liberation Army Daily, he left office, 27 year-old Li Ne took over and controlled the Liberation Army Daily. But soon Zhang Qiuqiao took the post of General Political Department Propaganda department vice-minister. Some materials proved that Wang Hongwen once prepared to want him and Zhang Chunqiao to be the Political Bureau member together. After the fall of “Gang of Four ", Zhang Qiuqiao was examined. In 2010 he died at age of 90 years old. (5) On August 28, 2009, total investment 570,000,000 Renminbi's Yenan revolution memorial new hall completed, Li Ne attended the opening ceremony.
(7) Mao Yuanxin’s "overlord" attitude
Mao Yuanxin led Liaoning, the province, cities and counties all had “criticizing Lin Biao and Confucius office”, he requested all the province, cities and counties to manage the “criticizing Lin Biao and Confucius bulletin”, at least every leading cadres had to read. (2,3,4) After Mao’s death, the CCP central had printed and distributed a series s of “used for the critique” Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin and so on speech materials, such as “Chi Qun to Mao Yuanxin's letter, Mao Yuanxin to Zong Minglan et al. replies”, “Zhang Tiesheng and Liu Jiye’s reactionary speechs” and so on. After Deng once more been overthrown, Mao Yuanxin requested the national to criticize “Deng Nagy”(Imre Nagy was Hungarian anti-communism event's key man), said that Deng was rumor company's general manager, the Tiananmen Square event's chief criminal, even attacked Huang Guofeng.。
15. Mao's death, Hua Guofeng, Ye Jianying, Li Xiannian so on collaborated to seize Jiang Qing’s “Gang of Four”（1976.9-1976.10）
Mao once more overthrew Deng Xiaoping before his death, paved the way for Jiang Qing the Mao Yuanxin to turn over power. Mao ordered Chen Xilian, commander of Shenyang Military Region, left Shenyang to Beijing to be vice-president of Central Military Committee (so Mao Yuanxin could be in charge of Northeast military administration power). Mao forced Ye Jianying to withdraw from the CCP and army central core, personally selected Jiang Qing, Huang Guofeng, Zhang Chunqiao, Wang Dongxing, Yao Wenyuan, Chen Xilian and so on to hold the post of his routine nursing, this was also the central leadership core which Mao selected to be core of the CCP central leadership.
On September 9, 1976, Mao passed away, Gang of Four used the newspapers and broadcast and so on media, wantonly propagandized so-called Mao’s last words “act according to the principles laid down”, schemed to seize power. On September 11 Hua Guofeng took to see a doctor in the name secretly to go to Li Xiannian’s home, sniffing clear the attitude of CCP senior statesmsn such as Ye Jianying, Chen Xilian (Li Xiannian's fellow villager and relatives and friends). In September 21, Hua once more went to Li Xiannian to conspire, Li Xiannian secretly visited Ye Jianying immediately. Ye Jianying, Huang Guofeng, Wang Dongxing, Li Xiannian and so on collaborated on October 6 evening secretly to seize Jiang Qing et al., Jiang Qing group perished. On September 21, the remnants of Gang of Four in Shangha distributes the weapon to the militiamen, prepared to rebel, but knowing that game wa lost, were controlled by Beijing. Hua Guofeng has inherited Mao’s position temporarily.
(1) Mao's death, the struggle of the CCP Central Committee before the memorial service
(1) On September 9, 1976, Mao died, Mao Yuanxin mourned by the side of the coffin. Mao Yuanxin’s “liaison officer” duty ended. On September 29 the CCP Political Bureau meeting, Hua Guofeng said Mao Yuanxin to returns to Liaoning to work. Jiang Qing said that he must stay in Beijing, because only he knew Chairman Mao’s last words and he must handle the funeral arrangements. Hua said that Jiang Qing said herself and Mao Yuanxin did not join the chairman's funeral arrangements, Wang Dongxing immediately proved that Jiang Qing had said this. Jiang Qing cried and kicked. Zhang Chunqiao said Chairman Mao’s writtings only Mao Yuanxin could understand. Jiang Qing said that Chairman Mao's documents had to keep by Mao Yuanxin. Ye Jianying said that Mao Yuanxin returned to Liaoning, the documents was still keep by the CCP Central Office. Li Xiannian agreed with Hua and Ye. Jiang Qing said: “Ye Jianying and Li Xiannian have nothing to do with this, gets out of the way”. Ye and Li went away. Wang Dongxing insisted to stay here. Jiang Qing said that “Open the third plenary session, Mao Yuanxin stay in Beijingt to draft politic report, to determine the personnel post arrangement.” Hua said that “Mao Yuanxin return to Liaoning; Ye Jianying and Li Xiannian not on the scene, do not discuss, the Third Session politic report by me to give, Party Central Committee's personnel arrangement should discuss by Political Bureau to decided. The meeting over”. (2) On September 12, Jiang Qing and Wang Dongxing arranged Xinhua News Agency photographer Du Xiuxian to take a group photo, prepared these people to inherit Mao’s power. From left: Zhang Chunqiao, Wang Hongwen, Jiang Qing, Huang Guofeng, Mao Yuanxin, Yao Wenyuan, Chen Xilian, Wang Dongxing. After this, they hand in hand before Mao remains again took a group photo. After millions people celebrating the fall of “the Gang of Four” inTiananmen Square, the second day evening, Wang Dongxing in front of Huang Guofeng scolded Du Xiuxian not to propagandize Chairman Hua. On October 18 at the national propaganda meeting, Wang Dongxing said that Du Xiuxian disparaged Chairman Hua, highlighted “Gang of Four”; Henceforth, Du Xiuxian was to be the “key examination”, by the CCP central’s name announced that limited Du Xiuxian's freedom, had to hand over all pictures. (3) On October 4, 1976, from left: Jiang Qing, Zhang Chunqiao, Huang Guofeng, Wang Hongwen, Wang Dongxing, heared the doctors reporting Mao’s medical procedure and the cause of death in Zhongnanhai Ziguangge. After doctors gone, Zhang Chunqiao proposed at the meeting, to dismisse Deng Xiaoping CCP membership in Central Committee plenary session. This was their last time holding a meeting.
(1) Before Mao’s memorial service, People's Daily and so on propagandazed “Chairman Mao last words” “act according to the principles laid down”. (2) Mao wrote “act according to the past principles”. Hua Guofeng said Mao on April 30, 1976, write to him “act according to the past principles” because Mao could not speak. Actually the two sentences had non-essential distinction. The key is to compete for who is the legitimate successor. This fully manifests the CCP's feudalism system of passing on position. Zhang Chunqiao said that Mao last time met with him to say it; Hua said that Mao wrote for him to prove he is legitimate; Ye Jianying said that on April 30 from Mao’s death had more than 4 months, Mao could meet with the foreign guests at that time, how could say that was “Mao’s last words”? (3) Beijing Daily propagandazed “act according to the principles laid down”. (4) Hua Guofeng on October 6 urgently sent someones to the manage the broadcast, television and so on media.
(1,2) Publications and songs, “Gang of Four” propagandized “act according to the principles laid down”. (3,4,5) After the fall of Jiang Qing’s “Gang of Four”, publications and cartoons, criticized “act according to the principles laid down”.
(2) Wang Hongwen presided over the memorial service, Hua Guofeng gave eulogy
On September 10 evening, Mao’s remains transported from Zhongnanhai to the People Great Hall, after processing, from September 11th to 17th, 30 ten thousand persons including foreign guest offered condolences and looked at Mao’s remains.
On September 18 Beijing Tiananmen Square held Mao’s memorial service grandly, Wang Hongwen managed, Huang Guofeng delivered memorial speech; Ye Jianying, Jiang Qing, Zhang Chunqiao and so in memorial service chairman's podium. To ensure for the memorial service 23,500 polices in additionmany worker militiamen were deployed in the conference site.
Everywere in the country were also grandly held Mao’s memorial service.
(3) Ye Jianying, Hua Guofeng, Wang Dongxing, Li Xiannian and other joint arrest "gang of four"
(1) After Mao's death, Hua’s CCP Central released propaganda materials: Gang of Four prepared Wang Hongwen’s state president's portrait, Jiang Qing would work as the CCP chairman. (2) On October 6, 1976, evening, Jiang Qing picked apple in Jingshan Park. At that night she was arrested. (3) Ye Jianying, was forced to quit from the CCP central and the army core by Mao before his death, was the planner of capture “the Gang of Four”. (4) Ye Jianying, Hua Guofeng, Li Xiannian, Wang Dongxing and so on. Ye Jianying and so on CCP veterans as a faction, the Gang of Four was other faction, the two factions secretly and anxiously seized power before long. Hua Guofeng was actually a centrist, but after Mao’ death, the second day, Hua secretly talked with Li Xiannian, took a Mao’s writing as the Testament of handover power, seeking support of Ye Jianying et al. who had real army power, launched coups d'etat. At the end of September, Jiang Qing inspected the army, wanted to seize the military power; Beijing University and Qinghua University had massive armed militias, was Jiang Qing's position. Mao Yuanxin was political commissar Shenyang Military Region. Wang Hongwen in August had gone to the army and learn to drive tank. Zhang Chunqiao controlled Shanghai's militants. Ye Jianying secretly found Wang Dongxing (head of the Central Guards Regiment) to talk about collaboration with Huang Guofeng to seize the Gang of Four. They took to “proofread Mao Zedong’s Selected Works” as the name to call Zhang Chunqiao, Wang Hongwen, Yao Wenyuan to participate a meeting of member of standing committee of Political Bureau in Zhongnanhai Huai Ren Tang, on October 6 at 7:00 pm, Ye Jianying arrived at there punctually, sit with Huang Guofeng in the main hall, Wang Dongxing hid behind the screen to command the scene operations. Wang Hongwen, Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan appeared successively and were seized by the guard regiment; At the same time, Jiang Qing was arrested in her residence in Zhongnanhai. Mao Yuanxin also was seized in his residence that night.
(4) "Shanghai Gang" riots failed attempts, Hua Guofeng successful became the successor
(1) Mao and Jiang Qing’s “Shanghai gang” members: Wang Hongwen, Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, Xu Jingxian, Wang Xiuzhen and so on. (2) Mao and Xu Jingxian. (3) Zhou Enlai and Xu Jingxian.
(1) Zhou Enlai’s wife Deng Yingchao and Xu Jingxian. (2) The address of headquarters “Shanghai gang” instigated rebel (presently does not exist). On October 7 and 8, Shanghai gang did not known Beijing's coup, sent persons to Beijing to snooping, if the Gang of Four had problems, used “my mother infarction ” to report, they really obtain this cipher, so they immediately propagandizes “Beijing coup, revisionism came on stage, we have to work against” and so on 21 slogans. Wang Xiuzhen said: first to mobilize 2500 people, other 30,000 people await orders, sending the gun to send the bullet, do patrol at the same night. Xu Jingxian issued order to the militiaman headquarters, the first group of militiamen 3240 people with several hundred vehicles, the second batch of 13000 persons, the secret command spot located in the Shanghai Jiangnan Shipyard and many other places; arranged strikes, demonstration, control newspaper office and broadcasting station, shut off electrical network, and so on. They planed parade on October 8 in Changsha and parade in Shanghai on 9th and so on. On October 12 evening, Shanghai Revolutionary committee’s Wang Shaoyong arranged strike and demonstration, prepared to publish “Message to the National People”. The Beijing central someone proposed that let Wuxi's army go to Shanghai, Ye Jianying opposed; The Gang of Four had not control the military authority after all, Beijing had controlled Shanghai very quickly. (3) After Mao's death and “crushed the Gang of Four”, Shanghai convened “criticizing the crimes of Gang of Four” congress, Mao Tianshui, Xu Jingxian and so on confessed the crimes. Afterward Mao Tianshui (secretary of Shanghai CCP Committee) because “contracted neurosis” not to be sentenced; Xu Jingxian (1933-2007, secretary of Shanghai CCP Committee, assistant director of Shanghai revolutionary committee) was sentenced for 18 years. (4) Wang Xiuzhen (secretary of Shanghai CCP Committee, assistant director of Shanghai revolutionary committee, standing member of the fourth National People's Congress, was sentenced for 17 years) confess that in October, 1976, Shanghai prepared to rebel.
The CCP’s People's Daily and so on media had no any news about the fall of Gang of Four after October 7, 1996. Britain Daily Telegraph on October 12 reported “Mao’s widow was arrested” news, on October 13 world various newspapers reprint. But the domestic common people did not knowanything, newspaper said constructing Mao’s memorial hall, publishing Mao’s complete works, criticizing Deng and so on. Ye Jianying original wanted to“keep secret for two months” to be impossible, because Shanghai situation had stabilized, on October 14, the CCP central strictly released the news from top to down, but the People's Daily only then had report the news until October 22. From October 21, the Chinese people paraded, carried on the celebration.
Beijing and all over the country people spontaneously and joyfully celebrated the smashing “the Gang of Four”.
(1,2,3,4) On October 29, 1976, Liberation Army Daily published editorial "Comrade Hua Guofeng is deserved leader of our Party”. The national various newspapers reprint, all magazines including the science and technology periodicals, like Zhongshan University journal, Agricultural Science and Technology Communication and so on reprinted; The regional propaganda departments, and the publishing houses reprinted and released the article pamphlet massively. All over the country at the same time published many eulogize Hua's picture poster and the books massively. (5) "Chairman Hua, Taiwan people deeply love you".
16. Zhang Yufeng, a unique and important figure in the CCP history（1962-1976）
In the Anti-Japanese War time, Mao in Yan’an played game with Ms. Ding Ling and so on, gave the imperial concubine's name to Yenan’s several dozens young women. Mao and Smedley Agnes's translator Ms. Wu's friendhip created a sensation in Yan’an. Peng Dehuai once reprimanded Mao to want “emperor had thousand beauties in back palace” , “elect imperial concubine in cultural work troupes”. There were many stories of Mao’s dance partners. From “cultural work troupes”, in Li Zhisui or Zhang Rung and so on books. However after decades work by the CCP’s department concerned, Mao’s image was very great.
Zhang Yufeng, born in 1944, originally Mao’s dance partner, Wang Dongxing once found Mao to write Zhang Yufeng’ name again and again, so he arranged her work on Mao’s special train from 1962 to 1970, and as Mao’s “confidential secretary” and “personal secretary” 1970-1976. She kept Mao’s personal safe cabinet's key, inside had Mao’s bank checks, the CCP senior officials’ self-criticism, confession, informer letters and so on. These causes her to become the “priceless treasure” of the CCP clique to seize power. After Mao's death, Jiang Qing used Chairman Mao’s wife’s name, and Huang Guofeng used the state president's name, and Zhang Yufeng had her own intent, all want to possess these. Zhang Yufeng had to listens to the party leader's words. Jiang Qing conflicted with Zhang Yufeng for Mao's several million publishing payments from 1973. Jiang Qing shouted: Mao’s deposit “do let Zhang keep, must keep by Mao Yuanxin”. After this conflict, Mao had severely criticized Jiang Qing (first called the “Gang of Four”). Zhang Yufeng played some certain roles in Mao’s criticizing Jiang Qing, and it was not completely political reasons. Other two young women (Mao’s liaison officer Tang Wensheng and Wang Hairong) could also caused Maol and Jiang Qing's strained relation. Mao died in 1976, Zhang left Zhongnanhai, worked in Chinese first history archives, latter transferred back to work in the Ministry of Railways, retired in 1988.
(1) Mao, Zhang Yufeng, Zhang Yaoci in Jiangxi, 1962 spring. (2) Mao and Zhang Yufeng and Mao’s special train. 1964. (3) Mao, Zhang Yufeng, Lin Biao, 1966. (4) Mao, Zhang Yufeng, American President Nixon, in February 1972.
(1) Jiang Qing and Zhang Yufeng. Mao and Jiang Qing already lived apart, Jiang Qing and Huang Guofeng et al. want to see Mao only by Zhang Yufeng’s agree; In addition also a Nurse Meng Jinyun was possible to enter Mao’ room casually. Zhang had already substituted for Jiang Qing that kind of Mao’s “family member” status. Jiang Qing only then flatters Zhang Yufeng. Zhang Yufeng once intentionally put on a dress which Jiang Qing sent her and asked Mao: “I wear this dress look good?” Mao said: “Attractive, attractive, who gives you?”“Tell you, this is Comrade Jiang Qing gives me, I put on specially to you have a look.” Mao said: “takes off quickly, it is not good looking. Later you will not take her anything!” (2)Mao and Zhang Yufeng. (4) Mao, Zhang Yufeng, Hua Guofeng. (4) Jiang Qing and Zhang Yufeng bid Mao’s remains farewell.
17. Gross controversial Mao’s “death will” “I trust you in what you do”（1976）
Although Mao love and also hate to Jiang Qing, but wanted her and Mao Yuanxin succeeded to the throne in no way ambiguously. Because many files kept in secret, “Mao’s last will” “I trust you in what you do” and so on matters, all are the hearsay, the following are also. On April 7, 1976, Hua started to manage the CCP central work. After April 30 Hua accompanied Mao to meet with New Zealand Premier Robert DavidMuldoon, Hua reported to Mao, Zhang Yufeng also presented. Mao could only depend writing to express. It is said that at that time Mao had written three pieces of papers, one paper “act according to the past principles”, an other paper “do not worry, take your time”. When talks about criticizing Deng, Mao wrote the third note “I trust you in what you do. Has any question, looks for Jiang Qing”. Hua Guofeng only showed “I trust you in what you do” this part to take it as his successor's proof, widely publicized. Jiang Qing insisted decisively Mao wrote “Has any question, looks for Jiang Qing”. Mao’s secretary Zhang Hanzhi in hers memoirs recorded, Hua Guofeng had shown the first two papers of Mao’s writing to the CCP Political Bureau, actually the third note kept as secret. These are not able to identify true and false now, but the writing of “I trust you in what you do” only after Mao’s death then was appeared.At that time did record were mainly Zhang Yufeng, Wang Dongxing and Mao Yuanxin three people, but most importantly was Zhang Yufeng. Wang Dongxing once specially had looked for her for this note, wanted her to prove this note's authenticity. Zhang Yufeng said that after April 10, 1976, Mao Zedong did not use pen to write, “About this note, I have not heard, I have no remember, that is Wang Dongxing after crushing the Gang of Four, came to me `checking’. Wang Dongxing wanted me to recall earnestly, said: This is the political major problem for me is the test of a political position ......”
Zhang Yufeng recalled, on July 15, 1976, Mao summoned Mao Yuanxin, Hua Guofeng, Jiang Qing, Wang Dongxing and Zhang Yufeng, proposed that after he died the members of the standing committee of the CCP Political Bureau, the name list and the order was: Mao Yuanxin, Hua Guofeng, Jiang Qing, Chen Xilian, Ji Dengkui, Wang Dongxing, Zhang Yufeng. Recorded this conversation were three persons: Mao Yuanxin, Zhang Yufeng, Wang Dongxing. Zhang Yufeng said: After listening Mao this arrangement, Jiang Qing asked Mao: “How about Wang Hongwen and Zhang Chunqiao?” Mao pointed at Jiang Qing to say:“you are quite naive!” Mao raised hand toward the left and right to cut respectively, said: “Old Ye Jianying, Wang Hongwen, Zhang Chunqiao do not enter!” Mao Yuanxin also had such record material. Wang Dongxing had not handed over this section of records, perhaps he feared that afterward it would become the laughing-stock in the history that he Wang Dongxing also advocated Zhang Yufeng to enter CCP Political Bureau. Zhang Yufeng said: after in 1976 fall of “the Gang of Four”, Wang Dongxing once by Central Party Committee's name, ordered me to hands over the records, did not permit to disclose Mao’s evaluation of the central leadership. And Zhang Yufeng said: This records had ruined.
(1) Hua Guofeng and Mao . (2) Massively published eulogizing Hua Guofeng's books (3) “Warmly cheer Chairman Hua’s Portraits to print and release in our province”. (4) In December, 1976, Heilongjiang provincial CCP committee’s leadership and the institution staffs held “Grandly greet beloved Chairman Hua’s portraits ceremony”.
Varios painting “I trust you in what you do”（1）Author unknown.（2）Author: Liu Chunhua（3）Author Zhang Huaqing.（4）Author unknown.
（1，2）Author: Peng Bin, Jin Shangyi.（3）Author:Xu Kuang. （4）Author unknown.
（1，2）“Author unknown.（3）Author： Huang Chuanwei. (4）Author unknown.
18. Hua Guofeng came on stage, continued to criticize Deng, “the two whatevers” （1976）
Hua Guofeng depended upon the CCP senior statesmen who had the military authority to crush the Gang of Four, but Hua wanted to inherit Mao’s imperial authority, insisted “we will resolutely uphold whatever policy decisions Chairman Mao made, and unswervingly follow whatever instructions Chairman Mao gave”. This was the “Two Whatevers” policy became one of the the main targetd later Deng to attack to prepares to come on stage. Actually “the two whatevers” in Mao’s time was the absolute truth, the question was Mao died, the people did not agree. On February 8, Hua authorized the CCP central to send out a notice about “firm attack political rumors”, meaning who would say Deng reinstating who was opposing Chairman Hua, was counter-revolutionary. Many injustice cases made by Mao and and the Gang of Four could notobtain the rehabiliation, but instead to make many new injustice cases, at least more than 50 people were executed by the name of “wickedly attacking wise leader Chairman Hua”
(1) On February 7, 1977, People's Daily, Red Flag magazine, Liberation Army Daily joint editorial "Learn documents and hold the outline”, proposed the “two whatevers” policy. (2,3) Propaganda materials when Hua began to come on stage.
(1) Chairman Hua Guofeng's speech in the second national agriculture conference (on December 25, 1976), said that it was necessary to criticize Deng and insists “the two whatevers”. (3) Wu De and Wang Dongxing. Wu De (1913-1995) member of the 10th and 11th session CCP Political Bureau, Vice Chairman of the 4th and 5th session of National People's Congress. On November 30, 1976, he said “In the Tiananmen Incident the counter-Gang of Four is wrong, when they were the CCP central leadership then, at that time did so was to break up the CCP central”(so it looks like seizing the Gang of Four is also wrong, because at that time they were the CCP central leadership). Wu De said “must unify criticizing the Gang of Four with criticizes Deng”. At that time, Wang Dongxing, Vice-Chairman of the CCP, insisted to criticize Deng, did against for Liu Shaoqi rehabilitation and obstructed Deng’s reinstating, caused him afterward to leave office. (3) “PRC’s National Anthem”, of the Fifth National People's Congress first session conference passed. 1978. (4) The new national anthem on the stamps. In 1949 Mao and so on decided the song “March of the Volunteers” which the words wrote byTian Han and the music composed by Nie Er, to be the national anthem. In the Cultural Revolution, Tian Han had been overthrow and persecuted to death in 1968, From October, 1977, Chairman Hua’ CCP Central Committee formed a “People's Republic of China national anthem collection team”, passed through several months to obtain 318 songs, but they selected one which was used Nie Er's original lyrics to have rewrited words: “Go Forward!! Various national heroic people, great Chinese Communist Party, lead us to continue the Long March. The millions people are all of one mind will go toward communism tomorrow. Construct the motherland, heroically struggle to defend the motherland. Go Forward!! Go Forward!! Go Forward!! We will for generations, hold high the banner of Mao advance! Go Forward!! Go Forward!! Go Forward!!” It Had manifested “the two whatevers” spirit. Chairman Hua decided it at the second plenary session of the 11th CCP Committee, and passed in March 5, 1978, the fifth National People's Congress, it became the new national anthem. But, on December, 1978, the third plenary session of the 11th CCP Committee, criticized “the two whatevers”, and on December 4, 1982, the fifth National People's Congress fifth conference to decide: to restores Tian Han’s writing “March of the Volunteers” to be the national anthem.
(1) Li Jiulian, Jiangxi Ganzhou No.3 secondary school student, because she writing anti-Lin Biao and opposing Cultural Revolution in her diary, was labelled as counter-revolutionary. About 30,000 people in Ganzhou organized the “Li Jiulian case investigation association” to support her. But she is sentenced for 15 years in 1975. After “crushing the Gang of Four”, because “the two whatevers” policy, in December, 1977, Jiangxi CCP committee recognized her counter-revolutionary crimes and sentenced her to death, held a public trial congress in Ganzhou Stadium, to avoid her shouting, her lower jaw and tongue were pierced with the bamboo slip, after shot, her corpse was threw in wilderness, the breasts and the vagina were cut off by a rogue. (2) Zhong Haiyuan, Ganzhou broadcasting station announcer, primary school teacher. She did not know Li Jiulian, but she promoted justice for her, wrote and mimeographed leaflets, even brought her less than 2 year-old child everywhere sending out the leaflets. She suffered brutal persecution. Untill when Hua Guofeng was in power, Li Jiulian was still sentenced to death, Zhong Haiyuan was discontented, on April 30, 1978, she was also sentenced to death for her“virulent attack Chairman Hua”, when she was alive her kidneys to be cut off to transplant for a CCP high-ranking official’s son. (3) Wang Shenyou, East China Normal University Physics department student, because wrote diary discontenting the Cultural Revolution, was treated as the “counter-revolutionary”, in January, 1968, was shut in the Shanghai prison. Again was punished because “oppositing criticize Deng and counter-right”, after April 27, 1977 public trial, he was executed. (4) Li Dongmin, once was a Red Guard, Mao and Jiang Qing interview him, and he was a member of Beijing revolutionary committee. On January 8, 1977, Li Dongmin and so on pasted the big slogan in Beijing Chang'an Street: “firmly request Comrade Deng Xiaoping coming out to work”, therefore he was arrested on February 25 for “the counter-revolutionary crime”, in May, 1979, he left prison. In 1980, the CCP gave “Li Dongmin counter-revolutionary bloc” a rehabiliation. Present he is sociological researcher, Chinese Society Investigation Bureau manager. (5) Bai Zhiqing, Chongqing Steel Plant worker, in 1975 Deng Xiaoping managed the CCP central work, he wrote anonymous letters to suggest that China should formulate a modernization Law Code to take the “Code Napoleon” as model. On March 4, 1976, he wrote a big-character poster to interrogate Zhang Chunqiao, on March 26, he was arrested in Chengdu imprisons. After “crushing the Gang of Four”, many person requested to release him, because “the two whatevers” policy, it was delayed by the end of 1978, he was rehabilitated by the Sichuan provincial CCP committee.
19. Deng Xiaoping reinstated once more. The CCP 11th congress officially announced the “Cultural Revolution” to be ended, Hua Guofeng gradually disappeared in the political arena（1977-1980）
On October 10, 1976, Deng wrote a letter to Hua Guofeng: “Not only in political and in ideological Comrade Hua Guofeng is the most suitable Chairman Mao's successor, on the age it may enable to guarantee at least 15 year or 20 year long time the stability of the proletariat leadership, this is what important to the entire party and army and the whole nation! Long live the Party Central Committee headed by Chairman Hua!” On April 10, 1977, Deng wrote a letter to Hua once more to request to reinstate. Deng had a high prestige in the senior statesmen, and many populace hoped that Deng coming out works. Ye Jianying dis efforts to Deng’s reinstatement, but Hua Guofeng did not agree. On October 26, Hua instructed: centralized to criticize “the Gang of Four” also to criticize Deng, could not criticize Mao, could notrehabilitate “the Tiananmen Incident”. But Hua Guofeng is not Deng and the CCP senior statesmen's opponent. Deng again steped into the political arena.
In December, 1977, Hu Yaobang took the post of minister of the CCP Central Organization Department, had rehabilitated many cases of injustice. In May, 1978, Hu Yaobang supported Deng and used the “discussion of the criterion of truth” to defeat Hua Guofeng’s “the two whatevers”. In August, 1977, the 11th the CCP National Congress convened in Beijing, officially announced “the Great Cultural Revolution” to be ended. The CCP clique struggles had not stopped. Hereafter, Hua Guofeng and Wang Dongxing and so on lost power gradually, and vanished from the political arena. The CCP always announces any important matter must certainly grandly and warmly the national to cheer and celebrate, but this time, experienced ten years unprecedented and vigorous and imposing Great Cultural Revolution movement is completely failure, ended in disgrace.
(1) On April 10, 1977, Deng wrote the letter to Huang Guofeng's CCP (part). Before this, Deng wrote a letter by Wang Dongxing to forward to Huang Guofeng on October 10, 1976, requested reinstatement. Hua Guofeng and Wang Dongxing and so on implemented “the two whatevers” policy, obstructed Deng’s reinstatement. (2) After Mao’s death on the Nanjing Rd. in Shanghai appeared the slogan to request Deng Xiaoping’s reinstatement. (3) Geng Biao (minister of the CCP Central International Liaison Department, on October 6, 1976 was appointed urgently by Hua Guofeng to be in charge the Central Propaganda Department) wrote the letter to Xiao Feng (assistant director of the Research Institute of the CCP Central International Liaison Department), it said that the folk ballad said waiting Deng to come on stage. (4) Hua Guofeng insisted to propagandize “Learn Mao Zedong Thought and continue to criticize Deng thoroughly”.
(1) On July 31, 1977, Wang Zhen (vice-premier), Seypidin Azizi (vice committee chief), Chen Yun (vice committee chief) celebrated the PLA day. Chen Yun, Wang Zhen et al. proposed to resume Deng Xiaoping's work and rehabilitate for the Tiananmen Incident, encountered Hua Guofeng and Wang Dongxing's suppression. Hua Guofeng said that Deng wanted coming out to work should make the self-criticism first, acknowledged the mistake, but must affirmed that “the Tiananmen Incident” was “the counter-revolutionary event”, which was rejected by Deng. The question had been dragged to the third plenary session of the 10th CCP Committee only then to be solved. (2) Deng Xiaoping reinstate in third plenary session of the 10th CCP Committee, he spoke at the meeting. (2) On July 31, 1977, in celebrating the army day, Ye Jianying, Hua Guofeng and Deng Xiaoping proposed toast mutually.
(1) In August, 1977, the 11th CCP National Congress convened in Beijing, officially announced “the Great Cultural Revolution” to be ended. But Hua Guofeng and Wang Dongxing et al. stubbornly carried out “the two whatevers” policy, many members of the CCP Central Committee also were the Cultural Revolution’s extremely left wing, theinner party clique struggles had not stopped. (2) From left: Hua Guofeng, Ye Jianying, Deng Xiaoping, Li Xiannian, Wang Dongxing in the chairman's podium of the 11th CCP National Congress. (3,4) Hu Yaobang, in 1932 when in “the Chinese Soviet areas” Mao launched “counter AB group”, Hu was almost executed. In Cultural Revolution he was secretary of the Central Committee of Communist Youth League; Jiang Qing said that he “from the little red devilsbecame the coward”, Mao said he “was not to have made the mistakes muddily, but was to have made the mistakes clearly”, so he was overthrown, on August 13, 1966 evening was pulled by the Red Guards to the Worker’s Stadium ten thousand persons’ mass meeting to be interrogated, suffered tortured greatly. In December, 1977, Hu took the post of minister of the CCP Central Organization Department, had diligently rehabilitated the Cultural Revolution’s a lot of injustice cases, He planned in the Guangming Daily to publish “The practice is the sole criterion to verifiy the truth” and so on articles, helped Deng to defeat Hua Guofeng’s “the two whatevers”.
From December 18 to 22, 1978, the third plenary session of the 11th CCP Committee was held in Beijing, Chen Yun, Deng, Huang Guofeng, Ye Jianying, Li Xiannian, Wang Dongxing on chairman's podium. At the meeting Hua Guofeng was accused carrying out “the two whatevers”, continue the “Cultural Revolution” and obstruct rehabiliation injustice cases and make new personality cult and so on.Wang Dongxing was exempted the duty, symbolizing it had formed a new party leadership, Deng was the core.
(1) In September, 1980, Zhao Ziyang was appointed as premier at the fifth National People's Congress the third meeting. When the Cultural Revolution began, Zhao Ziyang was secretary of Guangdong, encountered attacks, was removed all duties; In 1971 he was provincial secretary in Mongolia, Guangdong, Sichuan and so on. In 1980 April, he was appointed as State Council vice-premier. (2) Hua Guofeng,Ye Jianying and Hu Yaobang in the fifth National People's Congress. Photo by Lv Xiangyou. (3) Hua Guofeng presided over the fifth National People's Congress the third meeting. Song Qingling (1893~1981) was the executive president of fifth National People's Congress the third meeting. Hua Guofeng resigned the premier duty at the meeting, still was Chairman of the CCP Central Party Committee and Chairman of the Central Military Committee. This time Hua Guofeng received the accusation, in fact Hu Yaobang managed the central routine work. (3) In December, 1980, Hua Guofeng was compelled to resign from the chairman of CCP central and the chairman of of Central Military Committee in a Political Bureau meeting, but not announce publicly. In June, 1981, the sixth plenary session of the 11th CCP Committee announced Hua Guofeng’s resigning. Afterward Hua Guofeng vanished gradually in the CCP’s media. On August 20, 2008, Hua Guofeng died of illness. (4) Chen Yun, Deng, Hu Yaobang, Li Xiannian，Zhao Ziyang in June, 1981, at the sixth plenary session of the 11th CCP Committee. In this meeting, Deng resigned from the party chairman duty, but retained the Central Military Committee president. Hu Yaobang was appointed the CCP chairman.
(1) Deng Xiaoping third time steped on the political arena, at first he was in charge of the science and technology and the educational work. He proposed that restored the college entrance examination systemwhich had interrupted for 10 year. In December, 1977, the national altogether 5,700,000 examinees enrolled in this year’s college entrance examination. (2) In 1978, the third plenary session of the 11th CCP Committee rehabilitated for the Tiananmen Incident, populace spontaneously gathered in Tiananmen Square for celebration. (3) In June, 1981, the third plenary session of the 11th CCP Committee, all representatives raised hands to pass “the resolution on CCP's various historical issues since the foundation of PRC”, it thoroughly negatived “the Cultural Revolution”, also partial negatived the CCP’s “counter-rightists”, “Great Leap Forward”, “People's commune” and so on, but still basically affirmed and maintained Mao Zedong thought. China emerged a new situation since Deng implemented reform and opening policy, the national economy and people's living standards greatly improved.
In 1976, Mao was serious ill, but the thought was not muddled, determined to overthrow Deng Xiaoping to guarantee his succession scheme. Mao said to Secretary of Vietnamese Communist Le Duan about Deng, “I died, no one can suppress him. He has the sentiment to privatization with household responsibility, do not hate the capitalist-roader. He does not stress the class struggle. He has a ‘white cat or black cat’ theory, no matter it is the imperialism or Marxism”. On April 7, the CCP Central Political Bureau passed the resolutions “Hua Guofeng holds the CCP Central Committee First Vice-president, the State Council Premier” and “Abolish Deng Xiaoping’s Inside and outside Party All Duty”. Beijing more 100,000 people were organizated to hold the general assembly to celebrate “firmly support the CCP’s central’s two resolutions”, celebrate “crushes the counter-revolutionary adverse current victory”. The national other various provinces and cities all did so.
(1) On March 10, 1976, People's Daily published Mao’s“new instruction”: criticized Deng “reversing the verdicts does not have the support of the population.”. Then on March 28 People's Daily published Mao’s speech: “He (Deng) not to stress the class struggle, always does not mention this outline. `White cat, black cat ', no matter is the imperialism or the”. (2) Present Jiangxi Nanchang a bridge constructed giant white cat and black cat to commemorate Deng. (3) In 1976 Mao was already critically ill, the 7th issue of Red Flag magazine published Mao’s health picture and in it published Mao’s speech once more: “He (Deng) does not to understand Marxism, represents the bourgeoisie. He said `never reverses the verdict', it is unreliable”, “capitalist-roader is still going” and so on. (4) The CCP Central Committee published “Hua Guofeng holds the CCP Central Committee First Vice-president, the State Council Premier” and “Abolish Deng Xiaoping’s Inside and outside Party All Duty”. announced the beginning of April's mass movement is “the Tiananmen Square counter-revolutionary political incident”.
The Xinhua News Agency distributes the propaganda pictures, the people all over the country “firmly support the CCP central’s two resolutions, angrily denounce Deng Xiaoping's counter-party crime”.
All over the country “firmly support the CCP central’s two resolutions, angrily denounce Deng Xiaoping's counter-party crime”.
All over the country “firmly support CCP central’s two resolutions, angrily denounce Deng Xiaoping's counter-party crime”.
(1) People's Liberation Army earnestly studied May 16, 1976 People's Daily published Mao’s highest instruction “the capitalist-roader is still going”. (2) The working class studied “the capitalist-roader is still going” “reversing the verdicts does not have the support of the population” the highest instruction. (3,4) The highest instruction publicity materials “the capitalist-roader is still going” “reversing the verdicts does not have the support of the population”.
（1）“firmly support CCP central’s two resolutions, angrily denounce Deng Xiaoping's counter-party crime”.（2）““The capitalist-roader is still going! We must resolutely fight!”（3）“The capitalist-roader is still going！There are capitulators indeed!”
“Criticize Deng Xiaoping and counter the Right deviationist trend to reverse correct verdicts".
13. The fourth “red terror” Climax, “investigating politics rumor, capturing the reactionary slogan or poetry, cracking down the counter-revolutionary activity”（1976）
Mao was seriously ill, Huang Guofeng, Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin took charge. After “Qingming Tiananmen Incident”, the CCP strictly blockaded the news, the populace especially the educated youths wanted to know the outside things only depend the “hearsay” and the “political ballad” and so on. On April 8, 1976, the CCP central informed by phone call, all departments of the nation had to investigate “the counter-revolutionary activity (who and how mourned Zhou)”, severely to attack the “dispersion politics rumor” “reactionary slogan or poetry” and so on; on 10th, Ministry of Public Security again telephone message, each region had to report the central the work “deployment, progress and situation” of the tracing “rumors”. On April 12, the Ministry of Public Security again telephone message, compelled various provinces police stations to investigate once more “political rumors”, “premier’s last words”, centralized firepower to criticize Deng and attack the producers of counter-revolutionary rumors, slogans and poetry; if discovered some where oversight, the persons in charge would chastise, everyday had to report.
Various provinces carry out positively; Take Anhui as the example, on May 8, Hefei convened 50,000 people to participate “fight against counter-revolutionary sabotage and trace counter-revolutionary rumor pledge assembly”, after the meeting, organized a armed militias and police demonstration; in the one half a month “investigating rumor” movement, Anhui altogether founds out 17651 “premier’s last words”, 4139 “rumor significant clue”in which 2000 were forwarded to other provinces and cities and 1000 were transfered in from other provinces and cities; Also finds out 100 cases about the Mao and Zhou criticized the “Gang of Four” and the Tiananmen Incident truth “rumors”; In Anhui province the arrested, detention, interrogated, isolation for examination population, were unable to count. Only in Liaoning Province, from April 1 to May 25, in less than two months, 685 people were isolated for examination, 213 were detained, 49 arrested, 11 were sentenced. In Jilin Province 139 people were detained or arrested, 32 were sentenced.
(1) In 1961, Zhou Enlai took his nephew Zhou Erhui’s hand in Beijing Zhongnanhai Zhou’s home entrance. In 1976 “investigation politics rumors” period, because Zhou Erhui and his wife attended Zhou Enlai’s memorial service in Beijing, after returned to home Jiangsu Huai’an county, he also received mail bag from Beijing, for this reason Jiangsu Province Huai'an County had established a “special case team” to investigate Zhou Erhui, who was an advanced teacher every year now was a dangerous character and had been interrogated repeatedly. Xie Baozhen, director of Huai'an County Women's Federation, because she had a close relate with Zhou Erhui’s wife, was interrogated several hours one day for several days by the “special case team”. Wang Ruxiang, the county magistrate, was farced by the “special case team” daily to “help” Zhou Erhui and his wife to “confess”. (2) “Tong Huaizhou”, Beijing Second Foreign Language College teacher Wang Wenfeng and so on 16-person-group, mimeographed poems of missing Zhou Enlai, sent out in Tiananmen Square. Afterward suffered persecution, Bai Xiaolang was arrested, more than 100 days later then released. (3) Li Tiehua, director of Beijing Red Flag Yue Opera Troupe, gave lecture in the Tiananmen Square, attack current politics, latter was grasped, received persecution, afterward released and got rehabiliation. (4) “Crush the counter-revolutionary public opinion with the revolutionary public opinion--The Red Flag magazine 1976 No.5 issue editorial, reprint by Liaoning Province propaganda and cultural front’s attack counter-revolutionary leading group office. At that time the newspapers published the many similar article, for example, on May 8, 1976 People's Daily: “Greatly make the revolutionary public opinion, tracing politics rumors (author: Wu Renbao, Jiangsu Province Jiangyin County Huaxi production brigade party branch secretary).
(1) Main victims of the “Premier’s last words” case, Li junxu (left fourth) after the middle school graduate (all College closed) became a worker in a Hangzhou factory. One day in 1976 Spring Festival, 23 year-old Li met his schoolmates who worked as the workers or educated youths in countryside, Li took the“premier’s last words” which was created by him, said it was he copied from other. Everybody believed and the transcription for their family members or friend to read. Afterward this “premier’s last words” had spreaded over the entire China rapidly. More than two months later, the CCP central committee issued emergency call notice: “premier’s last words” was “counter-revolutionary rumor”, all around the country launched to investigation. National Ministry of Public Security issued the document of “tracing rumor”. Less than one week, Li was arrested, originally it could settle a lawsuit rapidly, but the CCP central high-level wanted not to stop. Li junxu and his friend’s homes were confiscated te property, Li’s father (chief of Hangzhou First Hospital), and Li’s sister and friends’ parents (some were Zhejiang Province officials) and so on were grasped. Li was imprisoned for 18 months in Beijing jail, other people suffed persecution. (3) Yuan Min: “Return to 1976-- o - I experienced the ‘Premier’s last words’ case”. People's Literature Press, 2009. (4) Chen Ziming, in 1976 he was a student in Beijing Chemical Industry College, because participating in the Tiananmen Square mass movement, suffered persecution, in 1979 obtained the rehabiliation. In 1984 graduated from the Chinese Academy of Science Graduate School, presently was a renowned economist. (4) He Yanguang, in 1976 he was 25 years old, Beijing Chongwen District industry bureau party committee member, concurrently assistant director of Chongwen Chemical Fiber Factory Revolutionary Committee, he led the workers to mourn Zhou Enlai in Tiananmen Square, was prisoned, in more than 4 months had been interrogated 49 times. His Chemical Fiber Factory only 400 persons but more than 100 were implicate in the case. Untill in 1978, only then obtained the official rehabiliation. Presently he was Chinese Youth Daily photojournalist, vice-chairman of China News photography Academic society.
14. Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin ready to stage and did various political shows（1974-1976）
On April 17, 1974, Mao had written two replies to Jiang Qing, gave her money and encouraged her, one of the letter said: “Jiang Qing: Two letters received.… Party's situation is good, do not to be pessimistic, do not vacillate. The future is bright, the path is winding. Must unite ninety-five percent above people.” On November 12, 1974, Jiang Qing wrote a letter to Mao to recommend Xie Jingyi to be vice committee chief of National People's Congress, Qiao Guanhua to be vice-premier, Chi Qun to be minister of education. Mao wrote comment in her letter: “do not too much appear in public, do not grant documents; Do not form a cabinet by you (to work as boss), do the old madame, not do woman matchmaker”. (old madame analogies party chairman). Soon, Jiang Qing let Wang Hairong to convey her opinion to Mao that let Wang Hongwen works as National People's Congress vice committee chief, arranged behind Zhu De and Dong Biwu (these two were already 90 years old). Mao said to Wang Hairong: “Jiang Qing had the ambition, she wants Wang Hongwen to work as committee chief, she to be party's president.”
Mao depended upon Huang Guofeng (security minister), used army to have suppressed the Tiananmen Incident. But Mao lost other resources, inevitably more and more depended upon Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin and Huang Guofeng, but Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin could not make Mao to be satisfied, thus sometimes Mao severely scolded her. Now Mao could not help Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin immediately to come to power, and even if Wang Hongwen and Zhang Chunqiao took over the party and Government’s leadership temporarily, the domestic situation was not difficult to get stable. Mao thought that Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin could control Huang Guofeng in the future, so in April, 1976, Mao instructed: “Must create this public opinion, must propagandize Comrade Huang Guofeng, let the whole nation gradually know Comrade Huang Guofeng.”
In fact this time was Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin to rule the nation. Li Xiannian et al. recalled, in 1976 started, all previous the CCP Central Political Bureau meeting’s first item was Mao Yuanxin to transmit Mao’s newest highest instructions, Huang Guofeng and Wang Hongwen so on Political Bureau members and alternate members, only had to “hear”, after Mao Yuanxin’s speech, then was the meeting director said how to implement Chairmam Mao's instruction, and so on. Mao Yuanxin said: “I said several casually, enough for them to study a month.” Wang Hongwen was not even convinced, said “Whatsoever I am the party's vice-president”. Political Bureau member look up at Mao Yuanxin's authority, only then Deng dared to contradict with Mao Yuanxin at the meeting. In the period of Mao’s seriously ill, Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin performanced various preparations ascending the throne.On February 16,1976, Jiang Qing and Zhang Chunqiao instructed to put the documentary “Firmly Sruggle and do against with Deng Xiaoping” into production. In March, 1976, Mao instructed Mao Yuanxin to “help” Deng, if it was invalid, expanded to CCP Political Bureau to “help” Deng. Huang Guofeng, Wang Dongxing, Zhang Chunqiao, Ji Dengkui, Mao Yuanxin formed the guidance team to “help” several times, had no effect, leading to Deng revoked all his posts.
(1) Jiang Qing was the "national leader" as reported in the media, met with foreign guests
(1) In May, 1974, Jiang Qing, Li Xiannian, Huang Guofeng, Chen Yonggui and so on “national leaders” interview the actors of the “eight model operas”; The news report listed Jiang Qing as the first “national leader”. (2) Mao and Jiang Qing.
Poster, Jiang Qing is the core of leadership, Zhou Enlai and Kang Sheng and Chen Boda are only sets off.
(1) On February 22, 1972, Zhou Enlai and Jiang Qing accompanied American President Nixon to look that the model operas (model operas was Jiang Qing's political capital). (2) In September, 1973, Jiang Qing and Zhou Enlai accompanied French President Georges Pompidou to watch the model operas. (3) In 1973 Jiang Qing met with North Korean leader Kim Il Sung. (2) In April, 1975 Jiang Qing met with Madame Kim Il Sung.
(2) Roxane Witke, American history professor and writer, heared Jiang’s taradiddle then write her history book and published in the West
(1) Jiang Qing and Yao Wenyuan met with Roxane Witke. In August, 1972, an American women delegation visited China, including history professor and writer Roxane Witke. (2,3,4) Roxane Witke shoots photos for Jiang Qing. Jiang Qing deliberately many times looked for Roxane Witke to do a lengthy conversation, wanted Roxane Witke to propagandize her in overseas. (5) Roxane Witke afterward wrote Jiang Qing history according to her speechs, the book “Comrade Jiang Qing” publishes in the US. Her political opponents namely the majority CCP senior statesmen accused Jiang Qing “divulged a lot of party and state secrets”.
(3) Jiang Qing prepared her empress clothing, and the populace “national uniform”when she ascends the throne
(1) In 1974 Jiang Qing Ordered Tianjin’s designing personnels to design and to have manufactured a dress similar Queen’s embroidered skirt, only did this one and no person could do again. 1974 Vice-Premier Li Xiannian and Jiang Qing who put on the similar Queen’s skirt skirt, received Tobagan premier, all the newspapers reported “our country leader Jiang Qing, Li Xiannian and so on met with Tobagan premier”. (2,3,4) Jiang Qing instructed to design “the female national uniform” in Tianjin (effect renderings). In Cultural Revolution perion the national men and women only put on the military uniforms or the blue Chinese tunic suits, Jiang Qing prepared in her ascending throne herself to wear the Queen’s embroidered skirt and the women to wear “the female national uniforms” (or called “Jiang Qing skirts”) and the men to wear Chinese tunic suits. Tianjin and Liaoning in less than two months, in a hurry produced 77,565 “female national uniforms”, Xie Xuegong, director of Tianjin Revoluion Committee tried best to persuade women to wear the “female national uniforms”, but afterward they piled up and were invalid therefore suffered huge loss.
(4) Jiang Qing set up her “model” of Cultural Revolution in a village in Tianjin, the media greatly propagandized it
(1,2) From 1974 to 1976, Jiang Qing three times came to Tianjin Xiaojinzhuang village, engaged in setting up her Cultural Revolution “model”, criticizing Deng, political night schools, sanging the model operas, etc. In 1975 Deng once removed Jiang Qing’s “liaison officer” in Tianjin, after Deng’s fall she sent out her “liaison officer” again. She instructed People's Daily to have published 69 news reports abot her in Tianjin’s “struggle with revisionism”. (3) After Mao's death, Tianjin CCP committee convened assembly to denounces the “Gang of Four”, Xiaojinzhuang village and so on units exposed and criticized “Jiang's anti-party crimes”.
(5) Jiang Qing loudly said “criticizes Deng”and seizing power at the national agriculture meeting, Mao could not but criticized “Jiang Qing was irrelevant”
The national agriculture conference ( “the national agriculture learn from Dazhai conference”) began on September 15, 1975 in the Shanxi Xiyang County’s Dazhai, concluded in Beijing on October 19. Deng Xiaoping, Huang Guofeng, Jiang Qing, Chen Yonggui, Yao Wenyuan and so on arrived at Siyang Dazhai successively. But Chen Yonggui, Vice-Premier and in charge of agriculture, in Shanxi held the welcome ceremony alone for Jiang Qing, indicates her status was above Deng Xiaoping and Huang Guofeng. This time Mao already was seriously ill, but during the meeting Jiang Qing enjoyed amusement and let reporters follow her to a variety of political performances in Dazhai.
(1,2) In September, 1975, Deng in the Shanxi Dazhai, Huang Guofeng hosted here the national agriculture conference. Before the meeting, Jiang Qing in Dazhai spoke more than two hours to comment “Water Margin”, said that Song Jiang seized Chao Gai’ power, some people wanted to seize Mao’s power. In the opening ceremony Deng on behalf of the CCP Central and the State Council delivered the congratulatory remarks; The agenda had not arranged her to speak, Jiang Qing interrupted Deng’s speech unceasingly and quarrelled with Deng, she said Song Jiang to seize Chao Gai’ power, “present, the CCP central some one intend to seize Mao’s power!”Huang Guofeng also said: “Comrade Deng Xiaoping's speech not spoke Cultural Revolution's merit .....still like before rightists used the economy to press the revolution, it is precisely as a result of Comrade Deng Xiaoping's tendency, caused our part of people to suspect, shake, doubt the Proletarian Cultural Revolution's great reality and historic importance, this was should be worth us vigilant.” As soon as the opening ceremony finished, Jiang Qing instructed to print and distribute her speech, and issue her sound recording. The CCP senior statesmen expressed anger in abundance. Mao could not but criticize Jiang Qing “irrelevant”. (3,4) After Mao’s death, the CCP printed and distributed “used for the critique”: “Jiang Qing’s speech in receiving Dazhai Production Brigade cadres ", “what Jiang Qing done twice in Dazhai”. (5) After Mao’s death, a picture-and-story book “Dazhai peasants fight against the Skeleton Demon - Jiang Qing” was published.
(6) Li Ne, Jiang and Mao’s daughter, the deputy secretary of the CCP Beijing City Committee
Li ne, born in 1940, Mao and Jiang Qing's daughter. In 1966 after graduated from Beijing University history department, used alias “Xiao li” to work in the “Liberation Army Daily”(in the Cultural Revolution, one of Mao’s main media). In January, 1967, she organized a “rebellion team”, pasted the big-character poster to attack Hu Chi (on behalf of the president of Xinhua News Agency, national army Cultural Revolution Group members) and so on, the original leadership of “Liberation Army Daily” were overthrown and imprisoned. On January 17, Lin Biao wrote “a letter for revolution comrades of the Liberation Army Daily” (Mao signed “agree, a good answer”), definited her motion “had lighted a revolutionary fire in the newspaper office”. Then she served as editor of the group leader (quite Editor-in-Chief). In the newspaper office had raised to her personality cult. The Office and staff quarters are plastered with slogan “learn” and “saluted” to her, in the meetings always shout “who oppose Comrade Xiao Li who is present counter-revolutionary”, “who oppose Comrade Xiao Li we will overthrow whom”. The newspaper office had specially set up a “Xiao Li success” exhibition room, displayws her bicycle, drinking mug, “hard work and plain living attitude”. In 1973 she attended the CCP tenth Congress. From 1974 to 1975, she was secretary of Beijing Pinggu county CCP committee and deputy secretary of Beijing CCP committee. Her rise's step compared with Lin Biao’s son Lin Liguo to be much quicker. In 1970 she married a Mr. Xu (a service person in Beidaihe the CCP Central Administrative Office Guest House), had a son, latter divorced. In 1984 she married with Wang Jingqing (born in 1929 was, once was Kunming military region Nujiang military sub-region chief staff officer). After 1976, once was unemployed; 1986 worked in CCP central office Secretary Bureau; after 2003, she was member of the National Political Consultative Committee.
(1) Mao Yuanxin, Mao Zedong, Jiang Qing, Li ne. 1953. (2) Li ne, Lin Liheng (Lin Biao’s daughter), Ye Qun (Lin Biao’s wife) in the rostrum of Tiananman. (3) In 1967 “May Day” festival, Mao and Li na (official to deputy secretary of Beijing CCP committee).
(1) Hu Chi, on behalf of editor-in-chief of Liberation Army Daily, head of Xinhua News Agency. In 1967 Li Ne (Xiao Li) was arranged to be responsible in Liberation Army Daily, she carried on rebellion, did “Hu Chi plot clique case”, Jiang Qing and Lin Biao's supported her. Hu Chi was compelled to commit suicide, bud was saved by other. The case implicated several dozens people, encounters interrogate brutally, some were suffered nervous breakdown. Hu Chi afterward was rehabilitated, continued to be Liberation Army Daily editor-in-chief, passed away in December, 2001. (2) Feng Zheng (1920-2009), on December 29, 2005, in Zhuhai. He once was vice-editor-in-chief of Liberation Army Daily, director of People's Liberation Army general staff department political department. In Cultural Revolution, Li Ne said he was “Peng Dehuai's trumpeter”, he suffered persecution. (3) Zhao Yiya (1917-2002), PLA major general, editor-in-chief of Liberation Army Daily. Li Ne also did a “Zhao Yiya restore capitalism counter-revolutionary adverse current case”, afterward Chen Boda said that Zhao Yiya was “the mean bourgeoisie politician”, Zhao was overthrown and persecuted. (4) Zhang Qiuqiao, Zhang Chunqiao's younger brother, deputy secretary of Liberation Army Daily office Party committee. When Li Ne revolted in Liberation Army Daily, he left office, 27 year-old Li Ne took over and controlled the Liberation Army Daily. But soon Zhang Qiuqiao took the post of General Political Department Propaganda department vice-minister. Some materials proved that Wang Hongwen once prepared to want him and Zhang Chunqiao to be the Political Bureau member together. After the fall of “Gang of Four ", Zhang Qiuqiao was examined. In 2010 he died at age of 90 years old. (5) On August 28, 2009, total investment 570,000,000 Renminbi's Yenan revolution memorial new hall completed, Li Ne attended the opening ceremony.
(7) Mao Yuanxin’s "overlord" attitude
Mao Yuanxin led Liaoning, the province, cities and counties all had “criticizing Lin Biao and Confucius office”, he requested all the province, cities and counties to manage the “criticizing Lin Biao and Confucius bulletin”, at least every leading cadres had to read. (2,3,4) After Mao’s death, the CCP central had printed and distributed a series s of “used for the critique” Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin and so on speech materials, such as “Chi Qun to Mao Yuanxin's letter, Mao Yuanxin to Zong Minglan et al. replies”, “Zhang Tiesheng and Liu Jiye’s reactionary speechs” and so on. After Deng once more been overthrown, Mao Yuanxin requested the national to criticize “Deng Nagy”(Imre Nagy was Hungarian anti-communism event's key man), said that Deng was rumor company's general manager, the Tiananmen Square event's chief criminal, even attacked Huang Guofeng.。
15. Mao's death, Hua Guofeng, Ye Jianying, Li Xiannian so on collaborated to seize Jiang Qing’s “Gang of Four”（1976.9-1976.10）
Mao once more overthrew Deng Xiaoping before his death, paved the way for Jiang Qing the Mao Yuanxin to turn over power. Mao ordered Chen Xilian, commander of Shenyang Military Region, left Shenyang to Beijing to be vice-president of Central Military Committee (so Mao Yuanxin could be in charge of Northeast military administration power). Mao forced Ye Jianying to withdraw from the CCP and army central core, personally selected Jiang Qing, Huang Guofeng, Zhang Chunqiao, Wang Dongxing, Yao Wenyuan, Chen Xilian and so on to hold the post of his routine nursing, this was also the central leadership core which Mao selected to be core of the CCP central leadership.
On September 9, 1976, Mao passed away, Gang of Four used the newspapers and broadcast and so on media, wantonly propagandized so-called Mao’s last words “act according to the principles laid down”, schemed to seize power. On September 11 Hua Guofeng took to see a doctor in the name secretly to go to Li Xiannian’s home, sniffing clear the attitude of CCP senior statesmsn such as Ye Jianying, Chen Xilian (Li Xiannian's fellow villager and relatives and friends). In September 21, Hua once more went to Li Xiannian to conspire, Li Xiannian secretly visited Ye Jianying immediately. Ye Jianying, Huang Guofeng, Wang Dongxing, Li Xiannian and so on collaborated on October 6 evening secretly to seize Jiang Qing et al., Jiang Qing group perished. On September 21, the remnants of Gang of Four in Shangha distributes the weapon to the militiamen, prepared to rebel, but knowing that game wa lost, were controlled by Beijing. Hua Guofeng has inherited Mao’s position temporarily.
(1) Mao's death, the struggle of the CCP Central Committee before the memorial service
(1) On September 9, 1976, Mao died, Mao Yuanxin mourned by the side of the coffin. Mao Yuanxin’s “liaison officer” duty ended. On September 29 the CCP Political Bureau meeting, Hua Guofeng said Mao Yuanxin to returns to Liaoning to work. Jiang Qing said that he must stay in Beijing, because only he knew Chairman Mao’s last words and he must handle the funeral arrangements. Hua said that Jiang Qing said herself and Mao Yuanxin did not join the chairman's funeral arrangements, Wang Dongxing immediately proved that Jiang Qing had said this. Jiang Qing cried and kicked. Zhang Chunqiao said Chairman Mao’s writtings only Mao Yuanxin could understand. Jiang Qing said that Chairman Mao's documents had to keep by Mao Yuanxin. Ye Jianying said that Mao Yuanxin returned to Liaoning, the documents was still keep by the CCP Central Office. Li Xiannian agreed with Hua and Ye. Jiang Qing said: “Ye Jianying and Li Xiannian have nothing to do with this, gets out of the way”. Ye and Li went away. Wang Dongxing insisted to stay here. Jiang Qing said that “Open the third plenary session, Mao Yuanxin stay in Beijingt to draft politic report, to determine the personnel post arrangement.” Hua said that “Mao Yuanxin return to Liaoning; Ye Jianying and Li Xiannian not on the scene, do not discuss, the Third Session politic report by me to give, Party Central Committee's personnel arrangement should discuss by Political Bureau to decided. The meeting over”. (2) On September 12, Jiang Qing and Wang Dongxing arranged Xinhua News Agency photographer Du Xiuxian to take a group photo, prepared these people to inherit Mao’s power. From left: Zhang Chunqiao, Wang Hongwen, Jiang Qing, Huang Guofeng, Mao Yuanxin, Yao Wenyuan, Chen Xilian, Wang Dongxing. After this, they hand in hand before Mao remains again took a group photo. After millions people celebrating the fall of “the Gang of Four” inTiananmen Square, the second day evening, Wang Dongxing in front of Huang Guofeng scolded Du Xiuxian not to propagandize Chairman Hua. On October 18 at the national propaganda meeting, Wang Dongxing said that Du Xiuxian disparaged Chairman Hua, highlighted “Gang of Four”; Henceforth, Du Xiuxian was to be the “key examination”, by the CCP central’s name announced that limited Du Xiuxian's freedom, had to hand over all pictures. (3) On October 4, 1976, from left: Jiang Qing, Zhang Chunqiao, Huang Guofeng, Wang Hongwen, Wang Dongxing, heared the doctors reporting Mao’s medical procedure and the cause of death in Zhongnanhai Ziguangge. After doctors gone, Zhang Chunqiao proposed at the meeting, to dismisse Deng Xiaoping CCP membership in Central Committee plenary session. This was their last time holding a meeting.
(1) Before Mao’s memorial service, People's Daily and so on propagandazed “Chairman Mao last words” “act according to the principles laid down”. (2) Mao wrote “act according to the past principles”. Hua Guofeng said Mao on April 30, 1976, write to him “act according to the past principles” because Mao could not speak. Actually the two sentences had non-essential distinction. The key is to compete for who is the legitimate successor. This fully manifests the CCP's feudalism system of passing on position. Zhang Chunqiao said that Mao last time met with him to say it; Hua said that Mao wrote for him to prove he is legitimate; Ye Jianying said that on April 30 from Mao’s death had more than 4 months, Mao could meet with the foreign guests at that time, how could say that was “Mao’s last words”? (3) Beijing Daily propagandazed “act according to the principles laid down”. (4) Hua Guofeng on October 6 urgently sent someones to the manage the broadcast, television and so on media.
(1,2) Publications and songs, “Gang of Four” propagandized “act according to the principles laid down”. (3,4,5) After the fall of Jiang Qing’s “Gang of Four”, publications and cartoons, criticized “act according to the principles laid down”.
(2) Wang Hongwen presided over the memorial service, Hua Guofeng gave eulogy
On September 10 evening, Mao’s remains transported from Zhongnanhai to the People Great Hall, after processing, from September 11th to 17th, 30 ten thousand persons including foreign guest offered condolences and looked at Mao’s remains.
On September 18 Beijing Tiananmen Square held Mao’s memorial service grandly, Wang Hongwen managed, Huang Guofeng delivered memorial speech; Ye Jianying, Jiang Qing, Zhang Chunqiao and so in memorial service chairman's podium. To ensure for the memorial service 23,500 polices in additionmany worker militiamen were deployed in the conference site.
Everywere in the country were also grandly held Mao’s memorial service.
(3) Ye Jianying, Hua Guofeng, Wang Dongxing, Li Xiannian and other joint arrest "gang of four"
(1) After Mao's death, Hua’s CCP Central released propaganda materials: Gang of Four prepared Wang Hongwen’s state president's portrait, Jiang Qing would work as the CCP chairman. (2) On October 6, 1976, evening, Jiang Qing picked apple in Jingshan Park. At that night she was arrested. (3) Ye Jianying, was forced to quit from the CCP central and the army core by Mao before his death, was the planner of capture “the Gang of Four”. (4) Ye Jianying, Hua Guofeng, Li Xiannian, Wang Dongxing and so on. Ye Jianying and so on CCP veterans as a faction, the Gang of Four was other faction, the two factions secretly and anxiously seized power before long. Hua Guofeng was actually a centrist, but after Mao’ death, the second day, Hua secretly talked with Li Xiannian, took a Mao’s writing as the Testament of handover power, seeking support of Ye Jianying et al. who had real army power, launched coups d'etat. At the end of September, Jiang Qing inspected the army, wanted to seize the military power; Beijing University and Qinghua University had massive armed militias, was Jiang Qing's position. Mao Yuanxin was political commissar Shenyang Military Region. Wang Hongwen in August had gone to the army and learn to drive tank. Zhang Chunqiao controlled Shanghai's militants. Ye Jianying secretly found Wang Dongxing (head of the Central Guards Regiment) to talk about collaboration with Huang Guofeng to seize the Gang of Four. They took to “proofread Mao Zedong’s Selected Works” as the name to call Zhang Chunqiao, Wang Hongwen, Yao Wenyuan to participate a meeting of member of standing committee of Political Bureau in Zhongnanhai Huai Ren Tang, on October 6 at 7:00 pm, Ye Jianying arrived at there punctually, sit with Huang Guofeng in the main hall, Wang Dongxing hid behind the screen to command the scene operations. Wang Hongwen, Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan appeared successively and were seized by the guard regiment; At the same time, Jiang Qing was arrested in her residence in Zhongnanhai. Mao Yuanxin also was seized in his residence that night.
(4) "Shanghai Gang" riots failed attempts, Hua Guofeng successful became the successor
(1) Mao and Jiang Qing’s “Shanghai gang” members: Wang Hongwen, Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, Xu Jingxian, Wang Xiuzhen and so on. (2) Mao and Xu Jingxian. (3) Zhou Enlai and Xu Jingxian.
(1) Zhou Enlai’s wife Deng Yingchao and Xu Jingxian. (2) The address of headquarters “Shanghai gang” instigated rebel (presently does not exist). On October 7 and 8, Shanghai gang did not known Beijing's coup, sent persons to Beijing to snooping, if the Gang of Four had problems, used “my mother infarction ” to report, they really obtain this cipher, so they immediately propagandizes “Beijing coup, revisionism came on stage, we have to work against” and so on 21 slogans. Wang Xiuzhen said: first to mobilize 2500 people, other 30,000 people await orders, sending the gun to send the bullet, do patrol at the same night. Xu Jingxian issued order to the militiaman headquarters, the first group of militiamen 3240 people with several hundred vehicles, the second batch of 13000 persons, the secret command spot located in the Shanghai Jiangnan Shipyard and many other places; arranged strikes, demonstration, control newspaper office and broadcasting station, shut off electrical network, and so on. They planed parade on October 8 in Changsha and parade in Shanghai on 9th and so on. On October 12 evening, Shanghai Revolutionary committee’s Wang Shaoyong arranged strike and demonstration, prepared to publish “Message to the National People”. The Beijing central someone proposed that let Wuxi's army go to Shanghai, Ye Jianying opposed; The Gang of Four had not control the military authority after all, Beijing had controlled Shanghai very quickly. (3) After Mao's death and “crushed the Gang of Four”, Shanghai convened “criticizing the crimes of Gang of Four” congress, Mao Tianshui, Xu Jingxian and so on confessed the crimes. Afterward Mao Tianshui (secretary of Shanghai CCP Committee) because “contracted neurosis” not to be sentenced; Xu Jingxian (1933-2007, secretary of Shanghai CCP Committee, assistant director of Shanghai revolutionary committee) was sentenced for 18 years. (4) Wang Xiuzhen (secretary of Shanghai CCP Committee, assistant director of Shanghai revolutionary committee, standing member of the fourth National People's Congress, was sentenced for 17 years) confess that in October, 1976, Shanghai prepared to rebel.
The CCP’s People's Daily and so on media had no any news about the fall of Gang of Four after October 7, 1996. Britain Daily Telegraph on October 12 reported “Mao’s widow was arrested” news, on October 13 world various newspapers reprint. But the domestic common people did not knowanything, newspaper said constructing Mao’s memorial hall, publishing Mao’s complete works, criticizing Deng and so on. Ye Jianying original wanted to“keep secret for two months” to be impossible, because Shanghai situation had stabilized, on October 14, the CCP central strictly released the news from top to down, but the People's Daily only then had report the news until October 22. From October 21, the Chinese people paraded, carried on the celebration.
Beijing and all over the country people spontaneously and joyfully celebrated the smashing “the Gang of Four”.
(1,2,3,4) On October 29, 1976, Liberation Army Daily published editorial "Comrade Hua Guofeng is deserved leader of our Party”. The national various newspapers reprint, all magazines including the science and technology periodicals, like Zhongshan University journal, Agricultural Science and Technology Communication and so on reprinted; The regional propaganda departments, and the publishing houses reprinted and released the article pamphlet massively. All over the country at the same time published many eulogize Hua's picture poster and the books massively. (5) "Chairman Hua, Taiwan people deeply love you".
16. Zhang Yufeng, a unique and important figure in the CCP history（1962-1976）
In the Anti-Japanese War time, Mao in Yan’an played game with Ms. Ding Ling and so on, gave the imperial concubine's name to Yenan’s several dozens young women. Mao and Smedley Agnes's translator Ms. Wu's friendhip created a sensation in Yan’an. Peng Dehuai once reprimanded Mao to want “emperor had thousand beauties in back palace” , “elect imperial concubine in cultural work troupes”. There were many stories of Mao’s dance partners. From “cultural work troupes”, in Li Zhisui or Zhang Rung and so on books. However after decades work by the CCP’s department concerned, Mao’s image was very great.
Zhang Yufeng, born in 1944, originally Mao’s dance partner, Wang Dongxing once found Mao to write Zhang Yufeng’ name again and again, so he arranged her work on Mao’s special train from 1962 to 1970, and as Mao’s “confidential secretary” and “personal secretary” 1970-1976. She kept Mao’s personal safe cabinet's key, inside had Mao’s bank checks, the CCP senior officials’ self-criticism, confession, informer letters and so on. These causes her to become the “priceless treasure” of the CCP clique to seize power. After Mao's death, Jiang Qing used Chairman Mao’s wife’s name, and Huang Guofeng used the state president's name, and Zhang Yufeng had her own intent, all want to possess these. Zhang Yufeng had to listens to the party leader's words. Jiang Qing conflicted with Zhang Yufeng for Mao's several million publishing payments from 1973. Jiang Qing shouted: Mao’s deposit “do let Zhang keep, must keep by Mao Yuanxin”. After this conflict, Mao had severely criticized Jiang Qing (first called the “Gang of Four”). Zhang Yufeng played some certain roles in Mao’s criticizing Jiang Qing, and it was not completely political reasons. Other two young women (Mao’s liaison officer Tang Wensheng and Wang Hairong) could also caused Maol and Jiang Qing's strained relation. Mao died in 1976, Zhang left Zhongnanhai, worked in Chinese first history archives, latter transferred back to work in the Ministry of Railways, retired in 1988.
(1) Mao, Zhang Yufeng, Zhang Yaoci in Jiangxi, 1962 spring. (2) Mao and Zhang Yufeng and Mao’s special train. 1964. (3) Mao, Zhang Yufeng, Lin Biao, 1966. (4) Mao, Zhang Yufeng, American President Nixon, in February 1972.
(1) Jiang Qing and Zhang Yufeng. Mao and Jiang Qing already lived apart, Jiang Qing and Huang Guofeng et al. want to see Mao only by Zhang Yufeng’s agree; In addition also a Nurse Meng Jinyun was possible to enter Mao’ room casually. Zhang had already substituted for Jiang Qing that kind of Mao’s “family member” status. Jiang Qing only then flatters Zhang Yufeng. Zhang Yufeng once intentionally put on a dress which Jiang Qing sent her and asked Mao: “I wear this dress look good?” Mao said: “Attractive, attractive, who gives you?”“Tell you, this is Comrade Jiang Qing gives me, I put on specially to you have a look.” Mao said: “takes off quickly, it is not good looking. Later you will not take her anything!” (2)Mao and Zhang Yufeng. (4) Mao, Zhang Yufeng, Hua Guofeng. (4) Jiang Qing and Zhang Yufeng bid Mao’s remains farewell.
17. Gross controversial Mao’s “death will” “I trust you in what you do”（1976）
Although Mao love and also hate to Jiang Qing, but wanted her and Mao Yuanxin succeeded to the throne in no way ambiguously. Because many files kept in secret, “Mao’s last will” “I trust you in what you do” and so on matters, all are the hearsay, the following are also. On April 7, 1976, Hua started to manage the CCP central work. After April 30 Hua accompanied Mao to meet with New Zealand Premier Robert DavidMuldoon, Hua reported to Mao, Zhang Yufeng also presented. Mao could only depend writing to express. It is said that at that time Mao had written three pieces of papers, one paper “act according to the past principles”, an other paper “do not worry, take your time”. When talks about criticizing Deng, Mao wrote the third note “I trust you in what you do. Has any question, looks for Jiang Qing”. Hua Guofeng only showed “I trust you in what you do” this part to take it as his successor's proof, widely publicized. Jiang Qing insisted decisively Mao wrote “Has any question, looks for Jiang Qing”. Mao’s secretary Zhang Hanzhi in hers memoirs recorded, Hua Guofeng had shown the first two papers of Mao’s writing to the CCP Political Bureau, actually the third note kept as secret. These are not able to identify true and false now, but the writing of “I trust you in what you do” only after Mao’s death then was appeared.At that time did record were mainly Zhang Yufeng, Wang Dongxing and Mao Yuanxin three people, but most importantly was Zhang Yufeng. Wang Dongxing once specially had looked for her for this note, wanted her to prove this note's authenticity. Zhang Yufeng said that after April 10, 1976, Mao Zedong did not use pen to write, “About this note, I have not heard, I have no remember, that is Wang Dongxing after crushing the Gang of Four, came to me `checking’. Wang Dongxing wanted me to recall earnestly, said: This is the political major problem for me is the test of a political position ......”
Zhang Yufeng recalled, on July 15, 1976, Mao summoned Mao Yuanxin, Hua Guofeng, Jiang Qing, Wang Dongxing and Zhang Yufeng, proposed that after he died the members of the standing committee of the CCP Political Bureau, the name list and the order was: Mao Yuanxin, Hua Guofeng, Jiang Qing, Chen Xilian, Ji Dengkui, Wang Dongxing, Zhang Yufeng. Recorded this conversation were three persons: Mao Yuanxin, Zhang Yufeng, Wang Dongxing. Zhang Yufeng said: After listening Mao this arrangement, Jiang Qing asked Mao: “How about Wang Hongwen and Zhang Chunqiao?” Mao pointed at Jiang Qing to say:“you are quite naive!” Mao raised hand toward the left and right to cut respectively, said: “Old Ye Jianying, Wang Hongwen, Zhang Chunqiao do not enter!” Mao Yuanxin also had such record material. Wang Dongxing had not handed over this section of records, perhaps he feared that afterward it would become the laughing-stock in the history that he Wang Dongxing also advocated Zhang Yufeng to enter CCP Political Bureau. Zhang Yufeng said: after in 1976 fall of “the Gang of Four”, Wang Dongxing once by Central Party Committee's name, ordered me to hands over the records, did not permit to disclose Mao’s evaluation of the central leadership. And Zhang Yufeng said: This records had ruined.
(1) Hua Guofeng and Mao . (2) Massively published eulogizing Hua Guofeng's books (3) “Warmly cheer Chairman Hua’s Portraits to print and release in our province”. (4) In December, 1976, Heilongjiang provincial CCP committee’s leadership and the institution staffs held “Grandly greet beloved Chairman Hua’s portraits ceremony”.
Varios painting “I trust you in what you do”（1）Author unknown.（2）Author: Liu Chunhua（3）Author Zhang Huaqing.（4）Author unknown.
（1，2）Author: Peng Bin, Jin Shangyi.（3）Author:Xu Kuang. （4）Author unknown.
（1，2）“Author unknown.（3）Author： Huang Chuanwei. (4）Author unknown.
18. Hua Guofeng came on stage, continued to criticize Deng, “the two whatevers” （1976）
Hua Guofeng depended upon the CCP senior statesmen who had the military authority to crush the Gang of Four, but Hua wanted to inherit Mao’s imperial authority, insisted “we will resolutely uphold whatever policy decisions Chairman Mao made, and unswervingly follow whatever instructions Chairman Mao gave”. This was the “Two Whatevers” policy became one of the the main targetd later Deng to attack to prepares to come on stage. Actually “the two whatevers” in Mao’s time was the absolute truth, the question was Mao died, the people did not agree. On February 8, Hua authorized the CCP central to send out a notice about “firm attack political rumors”, meaning who would say Deng reinstating who was opposing Chairman Hua, was counter-revolutionary. Many injustice cases made by Mao and and the Gang of Four could notobtain the rehabiliation, but instead to make many new injustice cases, at least more than 50 people were executed by the name of “wickedly attacking wise leader Chairman Hua”
(1) On February 7, 1977, People's Daily, Red Flag magazine, Liberation Army Daily joint editorial "Learn documents and hold the outline”, proposed the “two whatevers” policy. (2,3) Propaganda materials when Hua began to come on stage.
(1) Chairman Hua Guofeng's speech in the second national agriculture conference (on December 25, 1976), said that it was necessary to criticize Deng and insists “the two whatevers”. (3) Wu De and Wang Dongxing. Wu De (1913-1995) member of the 10th and 11th session CCP Political Bureau, Vice Chairman of the 4th and 5th session of National People's Congress. On November 30, 1976, he said “In the Tiananmen Incident the counter-Gang of Four is wrong, when they were the CCP central leadership then, at that time did so was to break up the CCP central”(so it looks like seizing the Gang of Four is also wrong, because at that time they were the CCP central leadership). Wu De said “must unify criticizing the Gang of Four with criticizes Deng”. At that time, Wang Dongxing, Vice-Chairman of the CCP, insisted to criticize Deng, did against for Liu Shaoqi rehabilitation and obstructed Deng’s reinstating, caused him afterward to leave office. (3) “PRC’s National Anthem”, of the Fifth National People's Congress first session conference passed. 1978. (4) The new national anthem on the stamps. In 1949 Mao and so on decided the song “March of the Volunteers” which the words wrote byTian Han and the music composed by Nie Er, to be the national anthem. In the Cultural Revolution, Tian Han had been overthrow and persecuted to death in 1968, From October, 1977, Chairman Hua’ CCP Central Committee formed a “People's Republic of China national anthem collection team”, passed through several months to obtain 318 songs, but they selected one which was used Nie Er's original lyrics to have rewrited words: “Go Forward!! Various national heroic people, great Chinese Communist Party, lead us to continue the Long March. The millions people are all of one mind will go toward communism tomorrow. Construct the motherland, heroically struggle to defend the motherland. Go Forward!! Go Forward!! Go Forward!! We will for generations, hold high the banner of Mao advance! Go Forward!! Go Forward!! Go Forward!!” It Had manifested “the two whatevers” spirit. Chairman Hua decided it at the second plenary session of the 11th CCP Committee, and passed in March 5, 1978, the fifth National People's Congress, it became the new national anthem. But, on December, 1978, the third plenary session of the 11th CCP Committee, criticized “the two whatevers”, and on December 4, 1982, the fifth National People's Congress fifth conference to decide: to restores Tian Han’s writing “March of the Volunteers” to be the national anthem.
(1) Li Jiulian, Jiangxi Ganzhou No.3 secondary school student, because she writing anti-Lin Biao and opposing Cultural Revolution in her diary, was labelled as counter-revolutionary. About 30,000 people in Ganzhou organized the “Li Jiulian case investigation association” to support her. But she is sentenced for 15 years in 1975. After “crushing the Gang of Four”, because “the two whatevers” policy, in December, 1977, Jiangxi CCP committee recognized her counter-revolutionary crimes and sentenced her to death, held a public trial congress in Ganzhou Stadium, to avoid her shouting, her lower jaw and tongue were pierced with the bamboo slip, after shot, her corpse was threw in wilderness, the breasts and the vagina were cut off by a rogue. (2) Zhong Haiyuan, Ganzhou broadcasting station announcer, primary school teacher. She did not know Li Jiulian, but she promoted justice for her, wrote and mimeographed leaflets, even brought her less than 2 year-old child everywhere sending out the leaflets. She suffered brutal persecution. Untill when Hua Guofeng was in power, Li Jiulian was still sentenced to death, Zhong Haiyuan was discontented, on April 30, 1978, she was also sentenced to death for her“virulent attack Chairman Hua”, when she was alive her kidneys to be cut off to transplant for a CCP high-ranking official’s son. (3) Wang Shenyou, East China Normal University Physics department student, because wrote diary discontenting the Cultural Revolution, was treated as the “counter-revolutionary”, in January, 1968, was shut in the Shanghai prison. Again was punished because “oppositing criticize Deng and counter-right”, after April 27, 1977 public trial, he was executed. (4) Li Dongmin, once was a Red Guard, Mao and Jiang Qing interview him, and he was a member of Beijing revolutionary committee. On January 8, 1977, Li Dongmin and so on pasted the big slogan in Beijing Chang'an Street: “firmly request Comrade Deng Xiaoping coming out to work”, therefore he was arrested on February 25 for “the counter-revolutionary crime”, in May, 1979, he left prison. In 1980, the CCP gave “Li Dongmin counter-revolutionary bloc” a rehabiliation. Present he is sociological researcher, Chinese Society Investigation Bureau manager. (5) Bai Zhiqing, Chongqing Steel Plant worker, in 1975 Deng Xiaoping managed the CCP central work, he wrote anonymous letters to suggest that China should formulate a modernization Law Code to take the “Code Napoleon” as model. On March 4, 1976, he wrote a big-character poster to interrogate Zhang Chunqiao, on March 26, he was arrested in Chengdu imprisons. After “crushing the Gang of Four”, many person requested to release him, because “the two whatevers” policy, it was delayed by the end of 1978, he was rehabilitated by the Sichuan provincial CCP committee.
19. Deng Xiaoping reinstated once more. The CCP 11th congress officially announced the “Cultural Revolution” to be ended, Hua Guofeng gradually disappeared in the political arena（1977-1980）
On October 10, 1976, Deng wrote a letter to Hua Guofeng: “Not only in political and in ideological Comrade Hua Guofeng is the most suitable Chairman Mao's successor, on the age it may enable to guarantee at least 15 year or 20 year long time the stability of the proletariat leadership, this is what important to the entire party and army and the whole nation! Long live the Party Central Committee headed by Chairman Hua!” On April 10, 1977, Deng wrote a letter to Hua once more to request to reinstate. Deng had a high prestige in the senior statesmen, and many populace hoped that Deng coming out works. Ye Jianying dis efforts to Deng’s reinstatement, but Hua Guofeng did not agree. On October 26, Hua instructed: centralized to criticize “the Gang of Four” also to criticize Deng, could not criticize Mao, could notrehabilitate “the Tiananmen Incident”. But Hua Guofeng is not Deng and the CCP senior statesmen's opponent. Deng again steped into the political arena.
In December, 1977, Hu Yaobang took the post of minister of the CCP Central Organization Department, had rehabilitated many cases of injustice. In May, 1978, Hu Yaobang supported Deng and used the “discussion of the criterion of truth” to defeat Hua Guofeng’s “the two whatevers”. In August, 1977, the 11th the CCP National Congress convened in Beijing, officially announced “the Great Cultural Revolution” to be ended. The CCP clique struggles had not stopped. Hereafter, Hua Guofeng and Wang Dongxing and so on lost power gradually, and vanished from the political arena. The CCP always announces any important matter must certainly grandly and warmly the national to cheer and celebrate, but this time, experienced ten years unprecedented and vigorous and imposing Great Cultural Revolution movement is completely failure, ended in disgrace.
(1) On April 10, 1977, Deng wrote the letter to Huang Guofeng's CCP (part). Before this, Deng wrote a letter by Wang Dongxing to forward to Huang Guofeng on October 10, 1976, requested reinstatement. Hua Guofeng and Wang Dongxing and so on implemented “the two whatevers” policy, obstructed Deng’s reinstatement. (2) After Mao’s death on the Nanjing Rd. in Shanghai appeared the slogan to request Deng Xiaoping’s reinstatement. (3) Geng Biao (minister of the CCP Central International Liaison Department, on October 6, 1976 was appointed urgently by Hua Guofeng to be in charge the Central Propaganda Department) wrote the letter to Xiao Feng (assistant director of the Research Institute of the CCP Central International Liaison Department), it said that the folk ballad said waiting Deng to come on stage. (4) Hua Guofeng insisted to propagandize “Learn Mao Zedong Thought and continue to criticize Deng thoroughly”.
(1) On July 31, 1977, Wang Zhen (vice-premier), Seypidin Azizi (vice committee chief), Chen Yun (vice committee chief) celebrated the PLA day. Chen Yun, Wang Zhen et al. proposed to resume Deng Xiaoping's work and rehabilitate for the Tiananmen Incident, encountered Hua Guofeng and Wang Dongxing's suppression. Hua Guofeng said that Deng wanted coming out to work should make the self-criticism first, acknowledged the mistake, but must affirmed that “the Tiananmen Incident” was “the counter-revolutionary event”, which was rejected by Deng. The question had been dragged to the third plenary session of the 10th CCP Committee only then to be solved. (2) Deng Xiaoping reinstate in third plenary session of the 10th CCP Committee, he spoke at the meeting. (2) On July 31, 1977, in celebrating the army day, Ye Jianying, Hua Guofeng and Deng Xiaoping proposed toast mutually.
(1) In August, 1977, the 11th CCP National Congress convened in Beijing, officially announced “the Great Cultural Revolution” to be ended. But Hua Guofeng and Wang Dongxing et al. stubbornly carried out “the two whatevers” policy, many members of the CCP Central Committee also were the Cultural Revolution’s extremely left wing, theinner party clique struggles had not stopped. (2) From left: Hua Guofeng, Ye Jianying, Deng Xiaoping, Li Xiannian, Wang Dongxing in the chairman's podium of the 11th CCP National Congress. (3,4) Hu Yaobang, in 1932 when in “the Chinese Soviet areas” Mao launched “counter AB group”, Hu was almost executed. In Cultural Revolution he was secretary of the Central Committee of Communist Youth League; Jiang Qing said that he “from the little red devilsbecame the coward”, Mao said he “was not to have made the mistakes muddily, but was to have made the mistakes clearly”, so he was overthrown, on August 13, 1966 evening was pulled by the Red Guards to the Worker’s Stadium ten thousand persons’ mass meeting to be interrogated, suffered tortured greatly. In December, 1977, Hu took the post of minister of the CCP Central Organization Department, had diligently rehabilitated the Cultural Revolution’s a lot of injustice cases, He planned in the Guangming Daily to publish “The practice is the sole criterion to verifiy the truth” and so on articles, helped Deng to defeat Hua Guofeng’s “the two whatevers”.
From December 18 to 22, 1978, the third plenary session of the 11th CCP Committee was held in Beijing, Chen Yun, Deng, Huang Guofeng, Ye Jianying, Li Xiannian, Wang Dongxing on chairman's podium. At the meeting Hua Guofeng was accused carrying out “the two whatevers”, continue the “Cultural Revolution” and obstruct rehabiliation injustice cases and make new personality cult and so on.Wang Dongxing was exempted the duty, symbolizing it had formed a new party leadership, Deng was the core.
(1) In September, 1980, Zhao Ziyang was appointed as premier at the fifth National People's Congress the third meeting. When the Cultural Revolution began, Zhao Ziyang was secretary of Guangdong, encountered attacks, was removed all duties; In 1971 he was provincial secretary in Mongolia, Guangdong, Sichuan and so on. In 1980 April, he was appointed as State Council vice-premier. (2) Hua Guofeng,Ye Jianying and Hu Yaobang in the fifth National People's Congress. Photo by Lv Xiangyou. (3) Hua Guofeng presided over the fifth National People's Congress the third meeting. Song Qingling (1893~1981) was the executive president of fifth National People's Congress the third meeting. Hua Guofeng resigned the premier duty at the meeting, still was Chairman of the CCP Central Party Committee and Chairman of the Central Military Committee. This time Hua Guofeng received the accusation, in fact Hu Yaobang managed the central routine work. (3) In December, 1980, Hua Guofeng was compelled to resign from the chairman of CCP central and the chairman of of Central Military Committee in a Political Bureau meeting, but not announce publicly. In June, 1981, the sixth plenary session of the 11th CCP Committee announced Hua Guofeng’s resigning. Afterward Hua Guofeng vanished gradually in the CCP’s media. On August 20, 2008, Hua Guofeng died of illness. (4) Chen Yun, Deng, Hu Yaobang, Li Xiannian，Zhao Ziyang in June, 1981, at the sixth plenary session of the 11th CCP Committee. In this meeting, Deng resigned from the party chairman duty, but retained the Central Military Committee president. Hu Yaobang was appointed the CCP chairman.
(1) Deng Xiaoping third time steped on the political arena, at first he was in charge of the science and technology and the educational work. He proposed that restored the college entrance examination systemwhich had interrupted for 10 year. In December, 1977, the national altogether 5,700,000 examinees enrolled in this year’s college entrance examination. (2) In 1978, the third plenary session of the 11th CCP Committee rehabilitated for the Tiananmen Incident, populace spontaneously gathered in Tiananmen Square for celebration. (3) In June, 1981, the third plenary session of the 11th CCP Committee, all representatives raised hands to pass “the resolution on CCP's various historical issues since the foundation of PRC”, it thoroughly negatived “the Cultural Revolution”, also partial negatived the CCP’s “counter-rightists”, “Great Leap Forward”, “People's commune” and so on, but still basically affirmed and maintained Mao Zedong thought. China emerged a new situation since Deng implemented reform and opening policy, the national economy and people's living standards greatly improved.
