(5) Massively produced Mao’s badge, the ritual worship of Mao
Chairman Mao badges, took Mao Zedong head’s image as the performance main body to be manufactured badges, in the Cultural Revolution was one kind of worship sacrificial rituals. Each place, the governments, schools, factories, military region, research institutions, farms and so on unites, had to design and manufacture all kinds of Mao Zedong badges many times, for example, to commemorate Revolutionary committee establishment, commemorates Liu Shaoqi to dismiss the party membership, commemorate Mao’s newest instruction publication and so on, must manufactured the new Mao badges. It became the fashion to wear, collect, present, exchange the Mao Zedong badges. But the “five black categories” and “capitalist-roaders” were prohibited to wear. Even the foreigners who enter the mainland must wear.
(1) The “poor peasants”of Guangdong Gaozhou put on Mao badges. (2) It was the most glorious to carry special bag for Mao’s quotations and put on the big Mao’s badge. (3) “Red heart forever loyalty to the Party “. All school graduates wearing Mao badges took a group photo. 1968. (4) In March, 2010, Huang Ying, a resident of Dingnan County, Jiangxi province, demonstrated 33,000 pieces of various Mao badges which she collected in Cultural Revolution. Photo by Liu Haiping.
(6) Enslaved and poisoned young people
The children were educated to defend Chairman Mao, the students of above the middle-school were the Red Guards of Mao Zedong Thought, and the elementary students were the “Little Red Guard of Mao Zedong Thought” (did not mention the “Communist Youth League”and “Young Pioneers” which the CCP had used for 17 years).
The elementary students only could read Mao’s book, participate in class struggle, fight the capitalist-roaders, defend Chairman Mao.
Students and young children and the babies could get the books to read only Mao’s quotations.
Started from the baby to sing “Mao’s quotations” songs to play dance of ”loyal to Mao”, to fight the class enemies and to defend Mao. Photo by Xiao Zhuang.
The picture posters, books and toys for education of children.
(1) “Little Red Guards” of Duqiao Town, Linhai County, Zhejiang province jointed class struggle. (2) “Little Red Guards” criticized Lin Biao and Confucius daily. Photo by Xiaozhuang. (3) Elementary student Huang Shuai. In December, 1973, Beijing Daily, People's Daily and all the CCP media published a Beijing elementary school fifth grade student Huang Shuai’s diary and the letter, the content was to promote students to criticize teachers. The editorial note said “Huang Shuai dares to opens fire to the revisionist teducation route, vividly reflects that the new generation nurtured by Mao Zedong Thought have revolutionary spirit”. The national elementary and middle schools had rapidly launche a “criticizing revisionist education route” movement, many places set up “counter-tidal current” models which were the same as Huang Shuai. (3) Zhou Enlai’s wife Deng Yingchao and Huang Shuai. (4) In 1973, Jiang Qing et al. published the article using a elementary student Huang Shuai’s name in the People's Daily, launch a “counter tide” movement, served for her seizing power. In January, 1974 three educated youths of Inner Mongolia used an alias wrote a letter to Huang Shuai, pointed out that criticizing teacher’s dignity” was incorrect, to remind her not to be used by others. Then Jiang Qing et al. planned, on February 11 People's Daily the front page headline published “A open letter of Huang Shuai”: “Our Little Red Guards loyal to Party, Chairman Mao point where we fight to where, took the pen as a sword to kill in battlefield to Lin Biao’s counter-revolutionary revisionist line, shattered to pieces the Confucius’ old traditional ideas. We are rebellers of the Old World. There was never does have a Savior. Those persons who adopt the ridicule, suspicion, threat manner to the germ tender newly emerging things, just like Lenin reproves - `all these in fact are the bourgeoisie opposed the proletariat class struggle method, protect the capitalism and fight socialism’. In the revolutionary rolling mighty forward current, the bourgeoisie masters give out sorrowful calling, cannot save their perishing destiny ......” The results, three educated youths suffered brutal persecution.
The elementary and secondary schools not only opened a special “Mao Zedong Thought Education Lesson”, moreover the language, the natural knowledge, music, mathematics textbook and so on, were the full of Mao’s quotations and the CCP’s political preaching. “Revolutionary Modern Clay Sculptures, Rent Collecting Courtyard” (introduced the Sichuan class struggle education exhibition hall), People's Fine Arts Publishing House, 1971. It said: “We must certainly keep firmly in mind Chairman Mao's teachings, do not forget class struggle, do not forget the class bitter and ethnic enmities, do not forget that Taiwan Province has not be liberated, do not forget that in the world also millions of working people are living misery life under the Imperialist, revisionist and reactionary dark rule. In addition in the massive student politics book said “we must liberate the world’s three-quarters of the working people who live in the abyss of suffering life” and so on words.
Mathematics textbooks were full of quotations from Mao.
Because the CCP promoted the class struggle to the elementary and secondary school students, resulting many children and teenages to have participated in the “Red Guards” or “Little Red Guards”, unfortunately in the revolutionary “rebellion”“seize power” struggle lost their lifes. Newspaper then called them “honoric sacrificed Chairman Mao’s red guard and Little Red Guards”, were the “revolutionary martyrs”. But afterward it had not taken them as martyrs, they died innocently and worthlessly.
5. The feudal hereditary theory “family background theory”, “class line”
“Family background” or “class line” policy, the CCP had been implemented for decades since 1949. “Family background” records was each person’s fate of decision, by which to judge the people's political orientation, political rights, and extends to the definition of personal and social activities and the future.
The CCP divided people into two kinds: “five red categories” (servicemen, cadres, workers, poor peasants, lower-middle peasants and their children) and “five black categories” (landlords and capitalists, rich peasants, counter-revolutionariers, bad elements, rightists), because the countryside did not have the rightists, so it called “black four elements”. “Five black categories” were the attack object of each time the political activities. Children of the “five black categories” could not enlist in the military, join the CCP, did not have the opportunity to go to college and to be the cadres. In the Cultural Revolution, the security minister Xie Fuzhi instructed that the public security policemen to guide “Red Guards” violent revolutionary action, to provide them the information of the “five black categories”, to assist them to confiscate family's property. The frantic Red Guards who were stirred up by Mao, killed the “five black categories” massively. (see Chapter 3. The first stage of the Cultural Revolution, 8. the first time of “Red Terror” climax, (3) large-scale cruel and inhuman collective massacre.)
“Family background” or”class line” were the CCP’s specific policies to attack and suppress the groups (community) which already lost power since 1949, was Mao dynasty hereditary system’s rationale. Mao’s struggle method was “draw in one faction and hit out at another”, in his “ten times struggles between two lines” and so on, Mao no matter these, he might draw the “five black categories”. After the CCP’s 8th Congress, Liu Shaoqi etc intended no longer do Mao’s personality cult, Mao wanted to draw the non-party democratic personages (most were the “five black categories”) to reorganization the CCP, “counter-bureaucratism”, but the result the fight point almost did against Mao himself, Mao immediately changed to draw Deng Xiaoping (family background was also“five black categories”) and so on to hit the “rightists”. Finally Mao had to depeng the most “five red categories” to fight the “rightists”. Liu Shaoqi once was not clear that the “socialist education movement” was Mao intended to overthrow him, so Liu also did according Mao’s intention to attack the “five black categories”. At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, Mao took advantage of dependence the “five red categories”, the early Red Guards were almost all the children of “five red categories”.(“Beijing Red Guards Joint Action Committee” also in the occasion arised, all were Children of high-ranking officials), then Mao in turn to draw the “rebels”. Relatively, the most “rebels” were non-CCP or non-Communist Youth League members and some children of “five black categories”, they discontented the system; while the “conservative faction” were almost all CCP and Communist Youth League members. After Mao used the “rebels” to seize power, regional established “Revolutionary Committee”, since then Mao rejected the the “rebels” to depended the People's Liberation Army and working class, also again to uses the “family background” this set of methods.
Yu Luoke, was killed because of opposing the “class line”. In January 1967, he published “On Family Background” in “Middle School Cultural Revolution Newspaper”, rejected at that time promoted “bloodline-ism”:“Father is a hero child hero, father is a reactionary bastard children”. It affected greatly. In the April, 1967, the Central Cultural Revolution Group said that this article was reactionary. On January 1, 1968, he was arrested, after 80 times “preliminary hearing”, on March 5, 1970. he was judged in Beijing Worker Stadium, “Beijing People's Court” Criminal Judgment’s full text:“Yu Luoke, male, born in 1942, Han Nationality, Beijing person, family background capitalist, once was a student, worker of Beijing People Machine Factory, lived in Beijing Chaoyang District. His mother is a rightist, his father is a counter-revolutionary. His thought is very reactionary, since 1963, he spread massive reactionary opinions, wrote tens of thousands of words reactionary letters, poetry and diary, venomously slandered proletariat headquarters, planed to organize counter-revolutionary bloc, and threatened to carry on the plot assassination activity, attempted to subvert proletariat dictatorship. In his custody period, his counter-revolutionary arrogance was still very rampant. Yu Luoke commited heinous crimes, popular indignation was enormous. By the Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing Public Security Bureau and the Court Military Control Commission and the Supreme People's Court authorize, sentence the present counter-revolutionary to death and executed immediately.” In 1979 the CCP declared Yu Luoke to be innocence.
（1，2）Yu Luoke, and his “On Family Background” published in “Middle School Cultural Revolution Newspaper”.（3，4）Public officers, even the workers, each have a “resume” , “family background” was given a very important position in the resume, so for decades. Resume’s “family background” is the important criteria to determine a person’s political fortunes such as to enter a higher school,to join army, to promote be be cadres.
(1) the young man was shot on charges of “counter-revolutionary children who has not transformed”. (2) In rural areas, the “four elements” (four black categories, landlords, rich peasants, counterrevolutionaries, bad elements) were the objects of every time political movement. Photo by Li Zhensheng. (3) “Five elements checking registration forms” (in city because of the “rightists” there was one kink more than in rural “black categories”), each time of criticizing meeting, they had to accept the interrogating. (4) “Family background” identity tag, worn on the chest. The “poor peasant” family background was “five red categories”, and it was the “work of the first pass”.
(1) On August 24, 1966，Beijing Cable Power Plant Technical school "General Order", All the “non-five red categories” person must withdraw from the Red Guard and do not participate in the Red Guards. (2) In September, 1966, Chongqing Red Guards issued “General order” to the five black categories family background's students: First, from September 7, 1966, the five black categories children were forbid to leave Chongqing. Second, everyone of the five black categories children who had already free left Chongqing to go out, the complete travel expense should be pay. Third, the five black categories children were forbid to sing “revolutionary rebellion” song. Fourth, from October, cancels all the five black categories children's stipend immediately. Fifth, immediately clean out the five black categories children from the Militiamen, abolish their all duties. Sixth, the five black categories children who had already entered the Communist Youth League should dismiss. (3) Beijing street slogan: The Red Flag "Blood and Iron Team" and the “Red Guards Joint Action Committee” are very reactionary!”. The “Red Guard Joint Action Committee” was the product and the tragedy of “family background”. On October 1, 1966, in Zhongnanhai Political Bureau assembly hall, some children of high-ranking officials officially established a specialn organization, named “the CCP Central Committee, the State Council, National People's Congress, People's Liberation Army, the Central Military Committee, the Department of Defense Revolutionary Cadre’s Children Joint Action Committee”, afterward was called “Capital Red Guards Joint Action Committee”, the goal was to guard their parents' position. Tsinghua University Attached Middle School’s Red Guards which Mao wrote a letter to support, also was a branch of the “Red Guards Joint Action Committee”. They took advantage of their parents’ power and influence to “rebel”, six times impacted the Ministry of Public Security, killed people and set places on fire. Afterward the poor “five red categories” were dominant, the “Red Guards Joint Action Committee” was banned by the Central Cultural Revolution Group. Yu Luoke in his article “What the riots of the Red Guards Joint Action Committee did show? " and so on had recorded the killing crimes of “Red Guards Joint Action Committee” in Beijing No.6 Middle School and in the No. 28 Middle School. (4) “Exhibition of smash the counter-revolutionary organization ‘Joint Action Committee’”. This exhibition was the Central Cultural Revolution Group inciteds the sponsored. The “Joint Action Committee” backbones were grasped in jail, but at the end of April, 1967, Mao instructed Zhou Enlai and Jiang Qing to receive them in the People’s Great Hall,and released them. The “Joint Action Committee” was a “reactionary organization”, but because these backbones were children of high-ranking CCP’sl officials, they won promotion and got rich until present. But the poor “five red categories” Red Guards backbones like Kuai Dafu et al., after Mao no longer used them, their status plummeted and they were thrown into prison.
6. Distorted the history and the facts
The entire CCP’history is the bloody, many histories have been adapted and modified. For example,in Jinggangshan period, killing of the Jinggang Mountains local leaders Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo, futian incident, purge AB group movement, in Ruijin CCP’faction struggles, in Yan’an counterrevolutionary suppression and rectification, after established government Gao Gang and Rao Shushi event, three anti's and the five anti's, counter-rightists, Great Leap Forward, “three year natural disaster” and so on, all depending on twists the history to explain to the people. In the Cultural Revolution, the practice of distorting history got to its peak level.
(1) Liu Shaoqi led labor movement in Anyuan, changed to Mao’s leading Anyuan labor movement
(1) In September, 1922 Jiangxi Anyuan railroads and coalmine workers held a big strike, Anyuan labor movement is the important matter which in the CCP’s history worth emphasizing, the merit turn over to whom, which caused struggle between Mao and Liu Shaoqi. (2) In 1922, Liu Shaoqi in Anyuan's picture. (3) Before Cultural Revolution, there was an oil painting “Liu Shaoqi And Anyuan Miners" (partial) in a Anyuan Museum, the painter Mr. Hou Yimin in the Cultural Revolution therefore received interrogates brutally, nearly lost life.
(1) Oil painting “Chairman Mao Goes to Anyuan”, Liu Chunhua (24 year-old student of the Central Industrial Art Institute) created in 1967 in obedience to the order of his leaders. In October this painting displayed in “Mao Zedong Thought Illuminated Anyuan Worker Revolutionary Movement” in Chinese Revolution Museum, with the indication “Chairman Mao in 1920 goes to Anyuan”. Wang Yaona (engineering corps assistant commander, Anyuan worker family background) said to Wang Dongxing (the CCP central office director) that Mao in 1921 fall first time goes to Anyuan. One day a Wang Dongxing's secretary asked Mao: “Are you first time went to Anyuan in 1920?” Mao said: “In 1920 I have not been to Anyuan, in 1921 fall I have gone.” Therefore the painting’s indication changed immediately: “In 1921 fall, our great teacher Chairman Mao went to Anyuan, personally lit Anyuan's revolutionary fire”. Mao saw the painting, said: “I'm not putting on the long gown in Anyuan, I’m wearing the short clothes”. In September, 1972, “Chairman Mao’s revolutionary Work in Anyuan Memorial Hall” changed name as “Anyuan Railroad and Coalmine Labor Movement Memorial Hall”, because the oil painting presented mildew spots, the painting wa removed out. (2) Before the Cultural Revolution, the CCP history experts said Liu Shaoqi is China’s labor movement leader. After 1967, it took the “Mao goes to Anyuan” painting as the symbol that Mao was China’s labor movement leader, Altogether the painting was printed more than 900,000,000 pieces, which is unprecedented in the history of world painting miracle. (3) In 1968, in the airport, Anhui province organized the populace to greet “Mao goes to Anyuan” painting transported from Beijing. All other provinces had done like this. (4) Stamps: “Mao goes to Anyuan”.
(1) People's Pictorial, Liberation Army Pictorial and other magazines massively propaganda the painting “Chairman Mao Goes to Anyuan", also had many other similar books and the propaganda material. (2) In 1968, staff of Shanghai Machine Tool Factory grandly greeted the oil painting. All the land, various units held grandly greeting ceremony for this painting. (3) The regional People's Liberation Army grandly greeted this painting. (4) In October, 2003, a 8 volume of TV serials “Chairman Mao Went to Anyuan” carried on production in Jiangxi. The ambience of Cultural Revolution still existed now.
(2) Three revisions of the paint “founding ceremony”
(1) in 1953 Mao in Zhongnanhai Huairentang reviewed the oil painting"Founding ceremony” with the author Dong Xiwen (left one) et al. (2) Oil painting "Founding ceremony”, by Dong Xiwen, 1953.
(1) In 1954, Gao Gang, vice chairman of the CCP Central Committee, was overthrown, this painting was deleted Gao Gang's image. (2) In Cultural Revolution Liu Shaoqi was overthrown, this painting was deleted Liu Shaoqi's image in 1972. Jiang Qing also once wanted the author Dong Xiwen to delete Lin Boqu’s image from the painting, because in Yan’an time Lin Boqu once opposed that Mao married with Jiang Qing, and he proposed to limit Jiang Qing to participate in government. Dong Xiwen had not carried out for some reasons. After Mao died, the CCP rehabilitated for Liu Shaoqi, the painting had to add on Liu Shaoqi’s image.
(3) Zhu De and Mao joined forces in Jinggang Mountain, changed to Mao and Lin biao joining forces in Jinggang
(1) In August, 1927, Mao said to the CCP central that the Nanchang Uprising’s army would be scheduled to arrive at south Hunan, Mao would lead an army to go to south Hunan to start farmers’ “fall harvest rebellion”, but actually Mao led the 5000 person of farmers army to go on Jinggang Mountains, because most people opposed that Mao led them to climb mountains to be bandits “to hit local tyrants”, Mao’s troop the soldiers escaped all the way. In November, 1927, Mao troop's many military officers like Commander Chen Hao, assistant regimental commander Xu Shu and so on, did not to go with Mao before arriving t Jinggang Mountains. On December 29, Mao personally issued an order to execute Chen Hao and so on 7 military officers to warn those who wanted to leave. When they mounted in Jinggang Mountains, was only left approximately 600 people. At the end of April, 1928, Zhu De and Chen Yi and so on led the Nanchang Uprising’s 5000 people troop to south Hunan, their rebellion was defeat, had no way out, so they arrived at Jinggang Mountains joined forces with Mao. Because Zhu De's troops far more persons and stronger compared to Mao’s troop, therefore it was called “Zhu and Mao joined forces”. The Jinggang Mountain Museum's oil painting, Mao was drawn in higher place, Zhu De was drawn to stand in lower place. (2) In Cultural Revolution, Lin Biao was in power, the Jinggang Mountain Museum's oil painting was changed to be “Mao and Lin Biao joined forces”. In the museum Zhu De’s shoulder pole which he pick food up the mountain, was to turn to be Lin Biao's shoulder pole. (3) In Cultural Revolution the CCP commemorated the their revolution revolutionary activities in Jinggang Mountains, it did not mention Zhu De, but propagandized Lin Biao. These were the postage stamps released for the commemorative activity.
In November, 1964, Mao, Liu Shaoqi and Zhu De greeted Zhou Enlai who returned from visiting Soviet Union in the airport. The original photo was modified to erase Liu Shaoqi's image and re-released by Xinhua News Agency, and made into stamps.,
(1,2) Chen Shilin, a former leader of “Leadership Photos Team” of Xinhua News Agency, in 2007 he revealed the facts of revising the news photos. thess two were exaples. Photo provide by Chen Xiaoqin. (3,4) In 1978 Xinhua News Agency published a picture only had Mao's image, it was actually deleted the side Liu Shaoqi's image. Cai Huizhong and Lin Guiyan rescreen. In August, 1966, Liu Shaoqi, Deng Xiaoping were scolded and Punished, but Liu sill was State Presidentand Deng was Central Secretariat of secretary. On 1966 National Day, Liu, Deng still followed Mao on Tiananmen, journalists intentionally took photograph Mao and Liu not together, also intentionally did not photograph to Deng, but still had a shot Mao and Liu together in a picture. Tao Zhu was propaganda minister, when he reviewed the National Day’s news reports, discovered the lack of news photographs of Deng Xiaoping's. Tao thought that Deng was still member of the standing committee of the CCP Political Bureau, decided that let Xinhua News Agency make technical processing to the news pictures, let a picture Chen Yi's head change into Deng’s head, published in the newspaper. Afterward Jiang Qing used this matter to attack Tao, “set up the prestige for Liu and Deng”, Tao was “China’s biggest monarchists.
(1) In 1976 the 10th issue “People's Pictorial” reported the Mao’s memorial service's picture, on chairman's podium's leader ranks, had lacked four persons. Afterward the “People's Pictorial” published an explain: Party Central Committee headed by Chairman Hua crushed Wang Hongwen, Zhang Chunqiao, Jiang Qing, Yao Wenyuan the ‘Gang of Four’ antiparty bloc, whole nation danced with joy. We followed the central instructions, in the ninth and tenth issues had cancelled the ‘Gang of Four’ image’s pictures, or amended to erase their images, and obliterated their name, to be reprinted.” (2,3) Journalists uncovered their news pictures revision, on December 22, 1974, Heilongjiang Daily published news picture after revision.
(5) Propagandized history hype "Confucius kill Shaozheng Mao”, alluding to Zhou and Deng would suppress the young rebels
“Confucius killed Shao Zhengmao” in the history have not the conclusion, but, in accordance with Jiang Qing’s instruction, People's Daily and other media and various publishing houses massively propagandas the story of “Confucius killed Shao Zhengmao”, the meaning was to tell everybody, when Zhou and Deng come on stage must suppress the youth rebels.
(6) Sidney Rittenberg, an American among the high-level CCP leadership
Sidney Rittenberg, born in 1921 in the US, in 1945 came to China and participated in the CCP underground party moement, collected National government's information for the CCP. Afterward was engaged in English broadcast in the CCP Xinhua News Agency’s translation and the broadcast. Authorized by Mao, he became the first foreign CCP member. In January1949, because involved in the “A.L.Strong international spy case”, the CCP presented Soviet Union’s order to arrest Sidney Rittenberg, accused him “to accept the US imperialist instruction, destroyed China's revolution”. After Stalin died, he obtained “rehabiliation”, in 1955 he finished 6 years prison life. In 1956 he married Wang Yulin(a CCP member). In January, 1964, Mao invited Strong and Sidney Rittenberg in Beijing, said: “you are implicated Strong 's case, we have made a very bad mistake, you are a good comrade.” He participates in “Selected Works of Mao Zedong” the translation work, participated in “counter-rightists”, “four clean-ups” and so on movements. In Cultural Revolution, he everywhere lectured “I understood how the American capitalists to exploit workers, and how painful life of the worker's. China cannot take the capitalist road in any case.” In 1966 the National Day Mao received Strong and Sidney Rittenberg. The next day various newspapers published Mao and Sidney Rittenberg’s photo, Zhou Enlai said he was “international communist soldier”. He participated in the broadcast enterprise bureau’s “seize power”, in February, 1967, the Central Cultural Revolution Group appointed him as the person in charge in the broadcast enterprise bureau, he also was Beijing's foreigner rebels organization “Bethune–Yan’an Rebellion Group” leader. He continued everywhere to make speech, innumerable residents surrounded him, competing to ask him to sign. On April 8, 1967, People's Daily published his article "China’s Great Cultural Revolution open the route to Communism”. On April 10, in Tsinghua University rebels 300,000 persons interrogating Wang Guangmei meeting, he represented the foreign rebels to speech. He participated in “bombard” Chen Yi, Lu Dingyi, Mei Yi and so on actually his old friend and old leadership. In September, 1967, the Central Cultural Revolution Group suppressed “May16 members”, Sidney Rittenberg received the criticizing. On February 21, 1968, he was arrested and put in Qin city jail. Jiang Qing said: “The broadcast bureau has been ruled unexpectedly by an American spy a half year.” Sidney Rittenberg’s wife Wang Yulin was sent to “May seventh cadre school” to “reform-through-labor”, his children once wandered on street, his wife's father also was persecuted to death. Zhou Enlai said he “involved in the sabotage activities of bad elements”, “involved in Wang Li, Guan Feng and Qi Benyu et al. the counter-revolutionary blocs”. After Mao's death, he one time has heard Jiang Qing's sound, he thought immediately, Jiang Qing entered the Qin city jail, he should exit. After nearly a decade in prison, he was released. At the same time, his wife and children had also relieved isolation. In 1982, the CCP gave him “rehabiliation”. In 1980 he took along his wife and children to return to the US. In his old age he and his wife registered a company in US, did consulting for American Corporation’s business in China.
(1) on January 18, 1964, Mao met with Israel Epstein (left two), A.L.Strong (right one) and Sidney Rittenberg (left one). (2) Mao and Sidney Rittenberg. (3) Sidney Rittenberg and his wife. (4) In Cultural Revolution Sidney Rittenberg made speechs everywhere. (5) Beijing University Cultural Revolution Committee sponsored “New Beijing University” newspaper on April 14, 1967, published “Initiate General attack to Liu and Deng, raise fighting and criticizing new high tide”, Nie Yuanxin, Kuai Dafu, Sidney Rittenberg speak at ten thousand people assembly.
(7) Distorted the facts, difficult to distinguish the genuine and fake
(1) “Expose XX event's truth meeting”. (2) “Reverse the reversal of history - Report of Suzhou Cultural Revolution big events investigation”. 1968. (3) “The truth of counter-revolutionary event of encircle fighting Suzhou’ army officers in Xiyuan hotel”. Suzhou revolutionary mass criticism connecting station. 1968. (4) “Reverse the reversal of history-- Record of crimes of Zhou Yang and so on reverse history to besiege Lu Xun and resist Chairman Mao’s revolutionary route”. Beijing Normal University Revolutionary Committee Chinese Department “Jinggang Cavalry”. 1968. (5) “The reversal of history must reverse again”. Ivestigation bulletin of the original Hunan People's Liberation Army Xiangzhong Picket Corps suffered serious political persecution. Beijing Red Guards Hunan Special Case Investigation Team and so on, compile and print, 1968. (In addition had many, such as People's Daily reporter: “The Tiananmen Incident Truth: The history which the ‘Gang of Four’ using the People's Daily reversed, must reverse it again”, Shanghai People's Publishing House 1978. “The reversal of history certainly reverse it again”, Tianjin People's Publishing House edited the published, 1977).
(1) “New Beijing Movie” the 11th issue, “Reverse the reversal of history” Beijing Motion Studio revolutionary rebellion headquarters, 1967. (2) Picture-and-story book “Pledges to fight to the death guard Chairman Mao’s Revolution Route-- Bourgeoisie Politician Wang Xiaoyu reversed the history, must reverse it again”. Jinan “May seventh cadre school” revolutionary mass criticism group, 1970. (3) “Red Riot”, Chinese People's Liberation Army Shenyang Military Region Command Literary and Sports Worker Headquarters: “Reverse the reversal of history -Reverse a verdict of so-called “Counter-Party Seize power Group” in Shenyang Military Region”. November, 1967. (4) Yin Menglun, Yin Huanxian, Qian Zengyi: “Reverse the reversal of history--criticism of a professor's “Confucius Killed Shaozheng Mao”. (mimeographed draft).
On April 24, 1968, Liberation Army Daily reported: “Heroic Soldier Liu Xuebao defense Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution”. Afterward People's Daily, Gansu Daily and so on publications published more than 200 the same report articles, and had printed in elementary school language textbooks, and had published many picture-and-story books and other books. The story said that Liu Xuebao was a Gansu's People's Liberation Army soldier, in 1967 one day, he discovered a class enemy Li Shibai to go to blow up a bridge. The satchel charge already lit, Liu Xuebao read Mao’s quotation “set firm resolve, feared no sacrifice ......” fought with the class enemy, and killed the enemy; Then he picked up the burster package to throw out, Liu Xuebao had lost an arm, when he woke first asked if the bridge preserved. He was appointed tobe Lanzhou Military Command CCP committee member, became the representative of CCP’ nineth Congress. Li Shibai was a local farm’s ordinary cadre, because before 1949 he once worked as deputy company commander of kuomintang army, therefore was the only “dictatorship” object in the farm. In fact, Liu Xuebao used an axe to chop Li Shibai, but Li not yet died, being sent to hospital together with Liu Xuebao. Because Liu Xuebao slandered him “counter-revolutionary exploded the bridge criminal”, thus Li could not obtain the medical cure promptly but received “the revolutionary populace” beat unceasingly, quickly pain to be died. Li’s family members all suffered brutal persecution. Liu Xuebao killed Li Shaobai, then self-mutilation arm, made a false explosion case, cheated community and fished for honor. 18 years later, in July, 1985, the CCP rehabilitated for Li Shibai, simultaneously condemned Liu Xuebao by life imprisonment.
“New time’s Madman”. In 1967-1968 massively published various versions’ books about the story of Chen Lining. Chen Lining born in 1933, a cadre of Hunan Xiangtan County CCP Committee office. Since 1963 he wrote articles said that Liu Shaoqi was a “revisionist”, simultaneously also revised Mao’s works, he was shut in Beijing Qin city jail as “counter-revolutionary”. In 1965, his mental illness was identified, he was transferred Beijing Anding Hospital for treatment. In 1967, the Central Cultural Revolution Group member Wang Li and Qi Benyu discovered Chen Lining in hospital, thought that Chen Lining’s story could use to criticize Liu Shaoqi effectively. Tsinghua University’s rebels immediately planed “beautified processing” Chen Lining’s story, Chen became counter-Liu hero immediately, the hospital also denied Chen to have neurosis. Chen was arranged to work in the Institute of History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, becomes the “fair-haired boy”. Although he talked nonsense, but also frequently welcomed to give speech to the university and the institution. Tianjin Theatrical Troupe had therefore created a modern drama “New time’s Madman” and performed in Beijing, Tianjin s continuously, identical theme dramas also performanced in many places such as Zhengzhou, Hangzhou, Chongqing. Afterward Chen once more was arrested, the conclusion was “false counter-Liu Shaoqi, really counter-Chairman Mao”. After 1979, Ministry of Public Security had carried on the reexamination to Chen, confirmed “schizophrenia sickness, lost responsibility ability”. “Chen Lining event” is a miniature of the Cultural Revolution, the Great Cultural Revolution looks like a massive “Chen Lining event”.
(8) “The 11th struggle between the two lines”
The CCP history is a bloody power struggle history of life and death, Cultural Revolution is the highest-level manifestation. About the inner-party struggle history, Mao concluded the “ten time line struggle”. Now had the “11th struggle between two lines” concept. Jiang Qing and Wang Hongwen said explicitly that “the 11th struggle between two lines” was their struggle with Zhou and Deng. But after Mao's death Hua Guofeng temporarily achieved the CCP’s highest positions of leadership, Hua said that “the 11th struggle between two lines” was their struggle with “Gang of Four”. Hua made it very clear that this eleven struggles: 1. Mao and Chen Duxiu, 2. Mao and Qu Qiubai, 3. Mao and Li Lisan, 4. Mao and Luo Zhanglong, 5. Mao and Wang Ming, 6. Mao and Zhang Guotao, 7. Mao and Gao Gang & Rao Shushi, 8. Mao and Peng Dehuai, 9. Mao and Liu Shaoqi, 10. Mao and Lin Biao, 11. “We” and “Gang of Four”. Hua said like this had his “reason”, both concealed and covered the disgraceful history of Mao’s struggle with Zhou, and also might put Hua himself with Mao’s status in together.
Learning materials “Our Party's the 11th Line Struggle” (Comrade Hua Guofeng in the 11th the CCP’s Congress Political Report, attached the former ten times tne CCP struggles between two lines's materials). When Hua Guofeng was in power, the publication had many articles to elaborate “the 11 times struggles between two lines” and “the 11th Line Struggle” . For example, Zheng Derong, Song Chun, Liu Jingfu: “Preliminary study of some historic experience of the 11th line struggle”. Journal of Northeast Normal University, 1978 , No.3 issue.
7. suppressed intellectuals, twisted personality, devastated moral
The feudal autocratic system could not accommodate an independent intellectuals. at the period of intense anti-Japanese war, Mao did the rectification in Yan’an, the intellectuals could only do against oneself to follow Mao's baton, otherwise were unable to survive; Wang Shiwei and so on intellectuals who had independent thought, were in the tragic fate of the persecuted to death, which was the numerous intellectuals destiny pattern after the CCP established government. In the Cultural Revolution, the moral and the personality received unprecedented devastation and distortion. Stemming from the coercive policy and the brainwashing movement, the husbands and wives quarrel becausd political persecution, children became enemies, good friends exposed each others, students fought teachers, children wiith parents disowning of offspring. and so on the the human mind’s gloomiest matters were everywhere, emerged one after another. Many children did not recognize the parents because the father or mother was interrogated, for example, the children of Deng Tuo (Mao said “three families village”) cut off relations with fathe, Liu Shaoqi's daughter Liu Tao for her father’s persecution increased charges, a poor peasant family abandonment daughter in Hunan Dao County's killed unexpectedly her foster mother for who was a rich farmer; students did not hesitate to whip their teachers; massive intellectuals who had the independent thought were compelled to commit suicide, or to be killed; only those who were compelled against their own will to be Mao’s yes-men could preserve their life. Dr. Wang Youqin recorded many events of the teachers killing by their students. Some intellectuals themselves’ condition was pitiful, actually intentionally disguised incomparably to loyal Mao, even Hit a other when he was down, wanted by this to o take an advantage, or as a self-preservation.
(1) Personality had been distorted under the dictatorship
(1) In November, 1966, Shanghai Industrial Art School and Shanghai Opera College's Red Guards struggled their teachers and School leaderd. Photo provide by Wang Youqin. (2) Tsinghua University Attached Middle School’s Red Guards struggled their teacher. Students struggled or kill teachers, these events were very common. (3,4) Liu Shaoqi daughter Liu Tao “My preliminary review, rebel to Liu Shaoqi, follow Chairman Mao revolutionize for a lifetime”, it mimeographed and published in Tsinghua University “Jinggang Mountain” newspaper. 1966. In Cultural Revolution, many people to protect oneself, the husbands and wives divorced, children became enemies each other, good friends exposed to each other and so. (5) Tong Jiaoying: “sublimation in purgatory - My father Tong Shuye”. East China Normal University Publishing House, 2001. Tong Shuye, Shandong University history professor, in Cultural Revolution was a “reactionary academic authority” and “veteran anti-communist”, his daughter also suffered many persecution, her schoolmate wrote big-character posters to attack her, some sprinkle ink on her bedding and her mosquito net, many people compelled her to expose her father. In order to let his daughter less suffering, prof. Tong wrote big-character poster to expose and criticize himself by daughter's name. In order to preserve one side, between husband and wife, between the parents and the children, “cut off the relations”, the situation were many.
(1) Famous artist Sun Yumin, born in 1940 in Shanghai,was called “genius of Peking opera”. In 1966 she had worked for 12 years in Henan Province Beijing Opera Troupe, was brutally interrogated by her colleagues, she was unable to withstand the humiliation, jumped down from three tall buildings, not died, but disabled. (2) Famous artist Wang Shaofang and Yan Fengying, performed “Goddess Marriage”. Yan Fengying was labeled “black line figure” by colleagues , Wang Shaofang was forced to write big-character posters to expose crimes. Yan Fengying was compelled to take medicine to suicide, the rebels colleagues also held “interrogating meeting” before her bed. her husband asked the Troupe for a cart to take her body to hospital but was refused. The military representatives and the rebels also ordered the doctors to cut her corpse belly to seek a “hidden Kuomintang's transmitter”. (3) Famous renowned writer Ba Jin, he accepted numerous interrogating, wife Xiao Shan was persecuted to death. When writer Yan Wenjing was persecuted, the rebels forced Ba Jin to write expose Yan Wenjing’s “crimes”, in order to exempt from body pain, he wrote that Yan Wenjing one time met foreign guest “joked frequently on the vehicle, not prominent ed politics, later needed to pay attention”, and so on. Ba Jin afterward wrote directly himself once appeared personality’s distortion. He proposed to establish the Cultural Revolution museum, did not let the history repeat. (4) Liu Meide, chemistry teacher and vice principal of Beijing University Attached Middle School, on June 8, 1966 evening, she was hit with wooden stick in office, by her student, the stick had broken. Afterward’s interrogating, her hair were cut off, forced her to crawl on the drill ground to shout: “I am Liu Meide, I am a poisonous snake”. Then her mouth was filled with trash. She was pregnant, in one interrogatingRed Guards kicked her down from the table, caused abortion. This school many teachers were suffered, some were killed. (5) Deng Xiaoping and Deng Rong. In April, 1967, Deng Rong wrote big-character poster to expose her father: “Deng Xiaoping positively supported my choolmates to fight each other, because he is inner-party’s biggest capitalism roader…Deng Xiaoping extremely hatred the Great Cultural Revolution…”In addition, He Long's daughter He Jiesheng in Cultural Revolution exposed her father “counter-Mao and Party’s crimes”. (5) Yangzhou “East Is Red” Agricultural college “East Is Red Combat Report” on October 6, 1967. Guo Suyang, Yangzhou's 13 year-old Red Guard’s speech in “Nation revolutionaries open fire to the bourgeoisie reactionary route pledge assembly”. Her father was labeled to be “capitalist-roader”, she “cut off relations”with the parents, said that “not any parents sentiment, human sentiment, cannot block me! Chairman Mao is closer to us than our parents! Without the Party and Chairman Mao, how can have working people's today!”(2) The intellectuals only then did as Mao's yes-men to be able to survive
Mao and renowned scholar Guo Moruo; Guo Moruo’s son Guo Shiying; Guo Moruo’s poem. In 1973 Mao wrote two poems criticized Guo’s view about emperor Chin Shihhuang and Confucius, Jiang Qing tmentioned Guo’s name for critique, Guo had to write two poems to Mao to admit mistakes, and wrote poem to eulogy “criticizing Lin Biao and Confucius”, eulogized Jiang Qing.After Mao’s death, Guo immediately wrote poem to eulogy “smash of the Gang of Four”, the attitude had been completely opposite. Guo lost two sons in the Cultural Revolution. Guo Shiying, born in 1942, in middle school he was the “model Communist Youth Leaque member”; admitted to the Foreign Affairs College, but because the “political thinking question” he could not continue to study in this school, after temporarily leaving school time, then transferred to Beijing University Philosophy department, at the end of 1962, he and schoolmates formed “X poetry society”, hoped “free to declare”, the result his schoolmates were sentenced education-through-labor, Guo Shiying released to the Henan Huanghe River flood area farm to labor. In 1965 fall he entered Beijing Agricultural University to study, Guo Shiying once said that the Mao’s thought should also “one divided into two”, the eight model operas were not so good so on. Guo Shiying call to his girlfriend in English, schoolmates said him “passed the foreign country”(spy). In March, 1968, the rebels kidnapped and beat him. Although Guo Moruo at that time was vice-chairman of the National Congress Committee, was unable to defend himself and his son. On April 22,1968, only 26 year-old Guo Shiying was persecuted to death, the cause of death was unclear. This one year ago, Guo Moruo’s other son Guo Minying had not left any information also quietly ended his 24-year-old life.
(1,2,3) renowned writer Ba Jin use anonym to write “Confucius’ Evil's Life", massively published in different form editions, affected enormously. Under the pressure of political movement, Ba Jin also published article of “criticizing Confucius” in People's Daily. (4,5) Wu Tianshi (1910-1966) and his “Talk about our country’s ancient scholars’ study spirit and study methods", Chinese Youth Publishing House, 1962. Wu was Director of Jiangsu Province Education Office, vice-minister of Province Propaganda Department. “The unforgetable commemoration” wrote by Chen Wenguang (secretary of Jiangsu Provincial CCP Committee) in “Xinhua Daily", (August 3, 1986), said that when Wu Tianshi becomes Jiangsu Province critique object, wu said to Chen Guang that he wanted like Guo Moruo’s way, admitted mistakes publicly, expressed to loyal Mao, hoping to pass the movement. But the reply was: You are different with Guo's status, the provincial CCP committee was not Mao. Therefore Wu could not pass. On August 3, 1966, Wu and his wife Li Jingyi (dean and deputy CCP secretary of Nanjing Normal College) were pulled out from home to be struggled and paraded, Li Jingyi was beaten to death on the scene, Wu Tianshi was beaten two days later died. August 3, was worth commemorative date, Nanjing Normal College’s rebels organization named “August 3 Division”, which was one of Nanjing Cultural Revolution most active “rebels public organization”. It was more cruel in Cultural Revolution than in war. In war so long as one side is willing to surrender, the war may be ended, the captives may preserve the life. But in Cultural Revolution actually did not allow surrender, util to beat to death.
(3) The miserable fate of Li Da, representative of the first CCP congress, President of Wuhan University
Li Da was one of the CCP’s founder and early leaders, his qualifications and school record (studying in Japan) were higher than Mao’s; Afterward he was engaged in the philosophy research primarily, in 1953 was principal of Wuhan University. He is Hunan Lingling County person, now he is this county’s pride. But at the beginning of Cultural Revolution, stirred up by Wang Renzhong et al., Li Da was interrogateed; Lingling County’s “poor peasant delegation” promptly came to Wuhan to support to interrogate Li Da. His native place's poor peasants, Wang Renzhong, Wuhan University's rebels’ attitude to Li Da, was actually the performance of Mao’s attitude to Li Da. Mao and Li Da were friends from the CCP’s first Congress, in 1922, Li Da was invited by Mao to be principal of Hunan Self-study University. In 1949 Li Da did a major contribution for Hunan’s peace “liberation” and attended the PRC founding ceremony. Mao once wrote Li was “the genuine person”. But in 1958 Li did ont agree with Mao’s “Great Leap Forward” and debated face to face with Mao about the view “the people more bold, the land will get more productions”. In 1964 Chinese Spring Festival, Tao Zhu and Wang Renzhong came to Li Da’s home showing concern to him. In 1966, Wang Renzhong three times asked Mao about “overthrow Li da”: the first, in March, in CCP’s Hangzhou conference, Mao did not give answer; the second, in Shanghai, Wang Renzhong asked Mao again, Mao still did not give any answer; the third time Wang Renzhong asked Mao how to treat Li da, Mao then said: “Since the populace request criticize him, it may criticize him in the school. But do not mention by name, not publish in newspaper.” Li Da was persecuted, he had the illusions and wrote a letter to Mao for help. On July 17, 1966, Wang Renzhong etc. the Hubei provincial CCP committee passed “Decision of dismissing Landlord Li Da’s membership of the CCP, who mixed in Party”. On August 10, Mao wrote on a note about “Li Da (Wuhan University) requests Chairman Mao’s help”: “Tao Zhu read it, transfer this to Comrade Wang Renzhong, treat him according the circumstances.” On August 24, 1966, Li Da was given an insulting name “Li three” (meaning Wuhan’s “three familiy village”) and was brutally persecuted to death.
(1) Li Da. On May 18, 1949, Mao sent a car to receive Li Da to Xiangshan to live in Mao’s Shuangqing villa, let Li Da rest on his own bed, talked about their friendship. (2) On April 6, 1958, from left: Mao, Ke Qingshi, Li Da, Song Kanfu, Wang Renzhong, in Wuhan. Photo by Liu Jiazhen. (3) Li Da also once responded Mao’s summon to have written “Hu Shi Reactionary Thought Critique”, Hubei People's Publishing House, 1955. (4) In November, 1978, the CCP interior using the Mao’s letter to Li Da, attacked Hua Guofeng’s “two whatevers”. (4) Hunan Lingling County “Li Da’s former dwelling”, now is a resort, the new CCP members often take an oath here.
(4) The political fate of Yang Rongguo, a historian
Yang Rongguo (1907~1978), joined CCP in 1938. Dean of Hunan University literary academy and concurrently head of history department, professor of Zhongshan University. In the beginning of Cultural Revolution, he was isolated, encountered confiscate family's property, mercilessly beating, withholding of wages, was sent to “May 7 cadre school” to engage in manual work. His wife Chen Huimin was tortured and so suffered mental illness, latter left home and was drowned to death. In 1973, Yang Rongguo resumed work, positively “criticize Lin Biao and Confucius”, He took the academic to serve for politics, departed from the academic spirit completely. He became vice-group leader of Guangdong province theory work team, assistant director of Zhongshan University Revolution Committee, member of the fourth National People's Congress Standing Committee and so on. After Mao's death, he received the critique, was removed from office, because his mood depression died of illness in Guangzhou.
(1) Yang Rongguo. (2) Yang Rongguo talked to People's Liberation Army “criticize Lin Biao and Confucius”. (3) On August 7, 1973, People's Daily published Yang Rongguo’s “Confucius - Thinker of stubbornly maintain slavery system”; Mao wrote “Yang’s article is good”. Afterward the article massive printed and released by China Publishing House and so on. (4) “Comrade Yang Rongguo’s report about criticizing Lin Biao and Confucius”. (5) Yang Rongguo: “Struggle between Confucianist and Legalist, and Confucius thought’s influence”. Henan provincial CCP committee propaganda department office reprint, 1973.
(5) Beijing University and Tsinghua University mass-criticism group” “Liang Xiao”
The articles of “criticize Lin Biao and Confucius” were written by “Liang Xiao”(means “two schools”, “Beijing University and Tsinghua University mass-criticism group”); Mao and Jiang Qing directly gave instructions to Xie Jingyi, then Xie Jingyi and Chi Qun convey the instructions to the head of “Liang Xiao” , then the group of “Liang Xiao” wrote articles according to their intentions, again published mainly in People's Daily, “Red Flag” magazine and Liberation Army Daily. The later period of Cultural Revolution, the CCP's media “local newspapers copied the central newspapers, the central newspapers copied from Liang Xiao”. In 1974 “Beijing University Journal” the 4th issue published an article of “Liang Xiao”: “Wu Zetian, an outstanding achievement Female politician”, which created the public opinion for Jiang Qing to come to power. After Mao's death, “Liang Xiao” group disintegrated and disappeared.
(1) Partial members of “Liang Xiao”(Beijing University and Tsinghua University mass-criticism group). (2) “What a person is Confucius”. The article incited by Mao and Jiang Qing, wrote by “Liang Xiao”, first published in the “Red Flag” magazine, latter massively printed in to books. (4,5) Liang Xiao’s work: "Study the historic experience of struggle between Confucianism and Legalism, carry the criticizing Lin Biao and Confucius movement through to the end”, “Popular stories of historic struggle between Confucianism and Legalism”; which created the public opinion and propaganda to coordinate Jiang Qing to “form cabinet”. (5) On October 4, 1976, Guangming Daily published the article of “Liang Xiao”, “Forever act according to the principles Chairman Mao laid down”. The article said that “act according to the principles laid down” was Mao’s sayinf just before dying, insinuated Hua Guofeng was the “revisionism chief”. Afterward the CCP took this article as “critique material” to reprint to criticize “Gang of Four”.
(6) The fate of Li Jiulian,Shui Tianguang, Lu Lanxiu, etc.
(1) Shui Tianguang, born in 1939, graduated from chemistry department of Northwest Normal University in 1964, teacher of Gansu Lintao County middle school. Her note was regarded as “crime evidence”. In 1976, her school CCP branch secretary thought that she “opposes to criticize Deng”, launched students to interrogate and beat her. On March 22, the school declared that she was missing, more than 50 days later had discovered her corpse in the riverside. The forensic report recorded “multiple blunt injuries”. But the school Revolution Committee reported for higher authority: “she is a bourgeois intellectual. Is unceasingly thorough proletariat revolution and criticize Dengmovement gain great victory time, she fell in the water and died”. (2) Lu Lan Xiu, born in 1917, joined CCP in 1940 in the Wuhan University, in 1949 she was invited to attend the PRC founding ceremony in Beijing. Deng Xiaoping and so on introduced her successively work in Ministry of Coal Industry, national Science association and so on. In 1965 she was deputy director of Suzhou Library. Because she wrote articles discontented the Cultural Revolution and sympathized with Liu Shaoqi, suffered persecution. On July 4, 1970, Suzhou held Tens of thousands people “public trial congress”for her “counter-revolutionary crime”, and after paraded through the streets, shot to death. (3) Shu Sai, born in 1917, in the Sino-Japanese War she participated in the woman battlefield mission, joined CCP in 1938. Once was group leader of Central Military Committee Demobilization committee team, director of ministry of construction personnel office. Because she exposed the inner-party corruption, in 1958 was dismissed her CCP membership, in 1960 was dismissed her public service, to be education-through-labor. In 1962 because of sickness was release. In December, 1966, she posted big-character poster to oppose Lin Biao, was arrested. In October, 1969, was shifted to the Shanxi jail. On May 24, 1971, Shu Sai died in Shanxi Si County. In 1987 the CCP rehabilitated for her. (4) Guan Minghua and her son. She was a doctor of Guangdong Production & Construction Corps Farm Hospital, expressed dissatisfaction with the practice of Lin Biao, was labeled "current counter-revolutionaries", encountered persecution brutally. On March 12, 1971, held a ten thousand persons public trial congresses for her, to prevent her to shout “reactionary” slogan, her mouth was inserted with bamboo stick, after the meeting,was shot, only 37 years old. After Mao died, subsequently confirmed her for the revolutionary martyr and the CCP member. (5) Wang Rongfen’s photograph on June 10, 2006, the “New York Times”. Wang Rongfen’s father had operated a small fruiterer's shop in 1940s, therefore she was “capitalist's daughter”. In September, 1966, she was a 19 year-old student of Germany language dept. in Beijing Foreign Languages College. because did not understand the ultural Revolution, she wrote a letter to Chairman Mao about her idea, after she mailed out the letter, she feared persecution, drunk the toxicant to suicide, but was arrested immediately and was rescued. Became “counter-revolutionary”, she in the prison saw many honest intellectuals like her equally situation of persecution. In January, 1976 she was judged life imprisonment. In March, 1979, was released. Now she settled down in Germany. Moreover, Li Jiulian and Zhong Haiyuan, two knowledge young women, because their independent thinking, were persecuted brutally, even their corpse cruelly were harmed, the events see the fifth chapter 18.
(7) Ups and downs of Li Qinglin, a teacher in Fujian Putian County
Li Qinglin (1936-2004), from 1952 on was a principal of middle school in Fujian Putian County, in 1957 was labled “rightist”, was punished, then became a countryside elementary school teacher, life was difficult. He read newspapers to knows that Wang Hairong often accompanied Mao, in December, 1972, he risked to write a letter to Wang Hairong to transfer to Mao, reflected the real condition of suffering of his son, an educated youth in countryside. Because Mao encountered Lin Biao event’s attack, this time he saw this letter and affected for a while, on April 25, 1973, replied for this letter: “Comrade Li Qinglin: Mai 300 Yuan, it may help you a little in the difficulty. National this kind of matters are very many, let when the co-ordination to resolve.” Mao also told to Wang Dongxing, If Li Qinglin is a CCP member, recommend that he will be representative of the CCP’s “tenth Congress”, if he is not, let him attend the fourth session of National People's Congress, may consider to write Li Qinglin’s letter into textbooks. Immediately Li Qinglin’s name was known all over the nation. His this letter had improved 20,000,000 educated youth's survival condition to a certain extent, each region dealt and punished many cases of the educated youth’s persecution of being beaten and (female) seduced and so on. Afterward, Li Qinglin became vice-group leader of Fujian Province college recruitment office, member of the State Council educated youth leading group, member of the fourth session National People's Congress Standing Committee, he was changed from a “rightist” to be Mao’s “fair-haired boy”. Unfortunately, he “forgeted himself”, positively “criticize Deng and counter-rightist”, after Mao died, Li Qinglin was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment.
(1) The CCP central document in 1973: Study Chairman Mao reply to Li Qinglin’s letter, resolve the difficulties for the educated youth”. (2) Li Qinglin (right) demonstrated Mao’s letter to interview reporter. (3,4) Many former educated youths visited the old age Li Qinglin who was lonely, miserable. Now also unceasingly had many the former educated youth who once changed destiny because of his letter, came to sweepLi Qinglin’s grave.
(8) What happened about the writer Jin Jingmai
(1,2,3) Jin Jingmai in 1965 has created a novel “Song of the Ouyang Hai”, because it suited the situation need, the novel was printed thirty million quantity, was only inferior to “Selected works of Mao Zedong”. On May 1, 1967, Mao and Jiang Qing received Jin Jingmai on the rostrum of Tiananmen. Jin has worked as “the entire army literary arts person in charge”, altogether he has worked as “the central leader” 123 days. (3) On June 2, 1966, Jin Jingmai in Beijing University square supported the “first Marxism-Leninism big-character poster”.
(1) “Guangzhou August 11 massacre investigation report”. On August 11, 1967, Guangzhou No. 17 Middle School “Red Flag faction” Red Guards heard that “central leader” Jin Jingmai was kidnapped, therefore they drove a big car to rescue him. At the gate of Dongfeng Road (now Guangdong Building) They encountered ambush of their opposite faction rebels, five students died, many were injured. (2) In August, 1967, Red guards of Guangzhou No.17 Middle School held grand commemorative ceremony for their five died on “August 11 massacre case”. (2) In June, 1967, Jin Jingmai once participated processing the movie materials which involved Jiang Qing’s history in 1930s, Jin had been put in Beijing Qin city jail for seven years. 42 years later, on August 11, 2009, Jin Jingmai met with the survivor of former Red Guards in big car on “August 11 event” drove to rescues the “central leader”. Jin Jingmai indicated repeatedly: if do not criticize the Cultural Revolution thoroughly, China has no hope. (4) Jin Jingmai’s “Very big Moon, very big sky" Chinese Movie Publishing House, 2002; It records his experience of imprisoned life in the Beijing Qin city jail.
8. Eradicated all religions, only allowed belief Mao's thought
(1) Eliminated all religious
From 1949 to 1958, the CCP used “Three-Self Church” basically to have eliminated the independent religious belief. In 1958, some places, such as Zhejiang Wenzhou, Pingyang County, had carried on the “elimination religion experiment site”, various urban place churchs were compelled to “offer the hall and offer the temple”, merged to do “union week”. Before the Cultural Revolution, only then several big cities had remains of so-called “Three-Self Churchs”, but in the Cultural Revolution even the “Three-Self Churchs” were eradicated. In September, 1966, Beijing had the big-character posters “Struggle for Thorough Elimination Islamism”, on September 12, Foreign Minister Chen Yi obtained one of Red Guards everywhere sending out circular leaflets “Put in action, eliminates the Islamism!”. Some Red Guards took destroying religions as the “broken four olds”. In 1965 a “Religious Research Institute” was set up in Chinese Academy of Social Science, but the fact it was more like a “religious critique institute”, in 1966-1967, the rebels simply had changed the institute’s name to be the “Elimination Religion Fight Team”. The Central Nationalities College held a ten thousand people meeting in Foreign Language Institute to struggle Panchen Lama, and forced him to eat feces; Zhou Enlai said to the Tibet students: “This Great Cultural Revolution is a great revolution of thinking, must destroy the Lama system thoroughly ......Tibet now “break four olds”, hit the temple, broken Lama system, this is very good”. Around in 1969, Ningxia Haiyuan County’s Muslims people tradition's religious activities were limited by government, the common people discontented and reprimanded the government, people’s religious activity was treated as “the counter-revolutionary activity”, implicates 2000 people to be panished, in which 48 were arrested and sentenced. The martial arts and the Buddhism Holy Land, Shaolin Temple, was situated at mountainous area where that time the transportation was very inconvenient, but also suffered devastating damage, monks forced to return to secular life, Buddha statues were destroyed, temple's assets were occupied. After the Cultural Revolution everything had to be restored.
(1) The religions were overthrown, the Buddhism associations were forced to hold the criticism meeting. Photo by Li Zhensheng. (2) Beijing interrogated the nuns. (3) Tianjin's catholic church was hanging Mao’s portrait. (4) In August, 1966, Harbin Red Guards climbed up the St. Nicholas church the high place did “rebellion”. The church was destroyed. Now the majority of tourist spots all over the country were re-built or repaired after the Cultural Revolution.
(1) Buddhist Goddess of Mercy is worship of the Buddha, has the most followers, the greatest impact. The regional goddess of mercy were smashed in abundance in “broken four olds”. (2) In 1966, north China’s prominent monastery--The Harbin Jile Temple was smashed thoroughly, buddhist priests were interrogated. Photo by Li Zhensheng. (3) Fujian Quanzhou Kaiyuan Temple was constructed in A.D. 686, is the national radiant treasure. In the Cultural Revolution the Red Guards “broken four olds”, Kaiyuan Temple was their goal, and it was reconstructed to be the “people's market”; After Cultural Revolution, spent large amount of money to repair it. (4) Religious people were insulted and persecuted.
(1) The Christians were “the class enemies”. (2) Mosque of South Gate in Yinchuan, Ningxia. It was built in the Ming Dynasty, the original one was destroyed in the Cultural Revolution, this was the reconstruction in 1981 in the original ruins. The Islam Mosque is the Islamism believer activity central place. Islamism religion in the Chinese locatizing process which formed a big group, “Hui Nationality”. The Red Guards accused the Hui Nationality’s custom of not eating pork, said it was “Four Olds”. Qinghai government imposed Hui Nationality’s peasants each household to deliver two pigs every year, ordered the Hui Nationality’s peasant family and the mosque to raise pigs, some mosques had become the pig farms, some Hui peasant family had built the pigsty, some could not but buy the pigs to deliver. (3) The White Horse Temple in Luoyang, Henan Province, was built in AD 68, is the first temple which after Buddhism spreaded in China to be constructed. In 1966, it was destroyed by the Red Guards. in 1973, in order to Cambodian Crown Prince Sihanouk’s visiting, Luoyang had to have repaired the temple, but it lake of Buddhism cultural relics, authorized by Zhou Enlai, the Beijing Palace Museum’s 2900 cultural relics were thansferred to the White Horse Temple in Luoyang. In 2000, Beijing Palace Museum wanted these relics to return, but Luoyang said that the cultural relics were allocated from appropriation, not borrows, did not have the returning problem. (4) New built monument for commemorate the died Hui Nationality’s people in “Shadian Event” in Cultural Revolution. Shadian village of Gejiu city, Yunnan Province, is the biggest Hui Nationality community. In 1967, Shadian Hui people responsed Cultural Revolution to revolt, burnt down the religious classics crazily, attacked the mosque. Afterward the rebels divided into two factions to carry on the resort to violence. A faction had gotten the weapons from the army, attacked the “restoration faction” in Shadian (which had self-made weapons). In July, the artillery bomgard the mosque and partial private residences, both sides had died many persons. In November, 1968, army and the militiamen surrounded Shadian, propaganda “class enemies instigated by Kuomintang spies, deceived the masses to attempt to subvert the proletariat dictatorship”, the Hui person “restoration faction” had handed over weapons to surrender. On December 8, 1968, PLA Army propaganda team entered the mosque, ate pork, throw pig bones. Then“clean up the class ranks”, two hundred “religious restorationists” were tied and beaten, and force them to imitate pig’s cry, a pregnant woman was hit to be abortion, some people were killed. It publicly announced: “religion is to oppose to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, is to oppose the CCP’s leadership.” In October, 1973, Hui people of Shadian and other places continued to struggle, the county “work team” entered the village, said “the nationality struggle is the class struggle in the final”, who went to the mosque is “the religion restoresist”. In May, 1974 police arrested some people, the populace surrounded the “work team”, requested to release people, but the “work team” ran away. In October the Shadian Hui people went to Kunming to appeal for help, but they were said to be “counter-party and cause trouble”. The “militiamen” came the village to carry on the suppression. In 1974 December, Yunnan provincial CCP committee a leader arrived Shadian, and the militiamen with guns came to threaten, the Hui people revolted, but one person was killed, three injured. On December 31, the Shadian Hui people attacked the county CCP committee, but 14 people were killed by the militiamen, 16 were severely wounded, the Hui people angrily killed 12 militiamen. On January 1, 1975, the CCP central noticed Hui people representatives with the Yunnan CCP leaders to go to Beijing together to solve the problem. Latter it subsided slightly. In 1975 February the Hui people engaged in the their festival activity, they again conflicted with the militiamen, 9 people were killed, the Hui people the second time appealed for help. On March 5, Wang Hongwen ordered the army to surround and bombard Yuxi Xiying mosque, “cause trouble” leaders of the Hui people were arrested. Early May, the army tried to enter and be station in Shadian, the populace stoped them. On May 23, Yunnan CCP committee sent aircraft to give circular notice in Shadian, urged the Hui people to lay down weapons. Until mid-July, the provincial CCP committee ordered the Hui people to hand over weapons once more, the Hui people indicated delivering self-made weapons, but on July 29, 3:00 am, began to suppress in Shadian, several hundred people were killed. On August 4, the left over 157 male and female old and young Hui villagers raised hands to surrender, several machine guns open fire at once, corpse everywhere, blood stream became ditch, then checked the corpse, if found someone not dead to give shoot again immediately. In the entire event more than 1600 Hui persons were killed. In 1979 the CCP gave a “rehabiliation notice” for the “Shadian event”.
(1,2) Tibet area “Cultural Revolution”, the religious persons were interrogated. (3) On August 24, 1966, Red Guards installed Mao’s portrait and Five-Starred Red Flag on Tibet Lhasa Jokhang Monastery, indicated that Mao thought occupated Tibet. (4) On August 19, 1966, teacher led the elementary students (Little Red Guards) to carry on the smearing Dalai Lama's cartoons and the shovels, in Lhasa ciy everywhere “broken four olds”.
(1) This female Red Guard of Lhasa Middle School (now is a retired cadre) responded Mao’s rebellion summon, smashed the golden top of Jokhang Monastery. Now the temple expenditured large amount of money to repair. (2) Red Guards burned down the Jokhang Monastery’s Buddha Scriptures and ancient books. (3) Nepali wheel in Jokhang Monastery, Tibetan Buddha symbol, was pushed to by Red Guards in the fire to burn down. (4) In Tibet everywhere burned down the monasteries’ classic books and prayer flags. (5) Front yard of Jokhang Temple in Lhasa, everywhere were the smashed Buddha statues, sacrificial vessel and instruments and precious relics.
(1) The first Tibet Hospital's ruins, Red Guards said that this was “Dalai Lama and other masters brutally oppressed working people's feudal fortress”, changed its name to be “victory peak”. (2) On August 24, 1966, Red Guards “broken four olds”, after smashed Lhasa Jokhang Monastery, in the preaching field they were cheering victory. (3) Lhasa’s famous religion and commercial street “Pa Gallery”, the rebels said that its name had “the feudal superstition color”, changed the name to be “Li Xin (establish new) street”. (4) “Old Tibet” was smashed, the Lamaism's Tibetan believer picked Mao’s quotation book in hand, looked at the Mao’s portrait, had to re-believe in “Maoism”, the expression was blank.
(2) "Three loyal to and four-infinite" activities to Mao
In the Cultural Revolution, the CCP officials summoned: “Three loyals” (loyal to Chairman Mao, loyal to Mao Zedong Thought, loyal to Chairman Mao's proletariat revolution route) and “Four infinitely” (To Chairman Mao and Mao Zedong Thought and Chairman Mao's proletariat revolution route, must infinitely worship, infinitely love, infinitely belief, infinitely loyal).
(1) Wang Guoxiang, an activist of “three loyal and four infinitely” and learning Mao’s works, Heilongjiang PLA soldier. At that time he had more than 170 Mao’s badges. Photo by Li Zhensheng. (2,3) The posture of “three loyal and four infinitely”. Photo by Yang Desheng. (4) The “three loyal and four infinitely” ceremony was held in the train carriage. Photo by Jiang Shaowu. (5) The “three loyal and four infinitely” ceremony was held in Shenyang Zhongshan square (Red Flag square). Photo by Jiang Shaowu.
Various “three loyal and four infinitely” ceremonies, meetings and so people’s activities, and the residential decorations.
(1,2) “Three loyal” activity posters. (3) “Three loyal” Mao’s badge. (4) Special “Mao’s quotations book bag”. (5) Admission ticket of the “Three loyal” Exhibition.
(3) Surpassed all religions, everyday's ceremony to Mao "early morning request for instructions and evening report"
To Mao “early morning request for instructions and evening report” was one political ceremony which in a period must hold every day. “Early ask Chairman Mao for instructions”: every institution’s stuff, factory’s wokers, hospital’s doctors, village’s peasants, when they began to work; the school children began each class, the stores began to open door, and so on, every one had to participant the ceremony, stood before Mao’s portrait, hand held Mao’s “precious little red book”, shout loudly followed a leader “respectfully wish Chairman Mao long life, long life, long long life! Respectfully wish Chairman Mao's close comrade and vice commander Lin healthy, forever healthy, forever healthy!” Sang "East Is Red", reads aloud one or two Chairman Mao’s quotations, then arranged work. The“evening report”: after work, such as the cadres and stuff before leaving office, workers before leaving the factory, formers before going to homes and so on, did the ceremony the same as early morning’s , but had to examine oneself this day’s work, reported today’s achievement to Chairman Mao, confessed the shortcoming to Chairman Mao. And it summoned to do “evening report” before going to bed. The hypocritical ceremony, also was one of the reasons to contribute to later as well as today's society “creating false productions and fraud and bad faith.
However, the “five black categories ”and the “capitalism roaders” and so on “monsters and freaks”, did not have the qualifications to joint activity of “early morning request for instructions and evening report”, they were forced to “early morning apologize and confessing his sin”.
The Educated youths and the farmers of the Great Northern Wilderness were holding the ceremony of “early morning request for instructions and evening report”. 1968. Photo by Wengnai Jiang
(1) PLA soldier. (2) Hospital patients. (3) Guangzhou Dongfeng(east wind) building staff. (4) farmers of Dengta production brigade of Beiqiao Commune, Shanghai. (5) Many countryside villages had constructed this kind of Mao’s memorial torii, used for villagers to do the ceremony of “early morning request for instructions and evening report”.
All over the country held the ceremony of “early morning request for instructions and evening report”.
Many places the families before eating meal had to respectfully wish Mao long life and read some Mao’s quotations, this ceremony was called “meal respect”(meal praying); Photo by Xiao Zhuang.
(4) Surpassed all religious confession ceremony, “fight selfishness and repudiate revisionism”
(1) A“fight selfishness and repudiate revisionism” meeting was held in train challenge. (2) The countryside village’s “fight selfishness and repudiate revisionism” meeting. (3) In 1968 in Guangdong Province Gaozhou County, some farmer’s families had held “fight selfishness and repudiate revisionism” meeting in home. (4) Sichuan Chengdu city, a monument of Mao’s quotation “must fight selfishness and repudiate revisionism”.
Everywhere were Mao’s quotation “must fight selfishness and repudiate revisionism”: (1) Baby photos. (2) Memorial stele,. (3) The interior decoration of the old house. (4,5) Cigarette packages.
(1) “Family fight selfishness and repudiate revisionism meeting”, Photo by Xiao Zhuang. (2) Guangdong Bao’an County close to Hong Kong, the meeting was special, the farmers “criticized three kinds of foreigh products” “cut the foreign tails”, they had to hand over the gold and silver and the tools of illegal border crossing. (3) Records of Lin Biao group members seized the national important cultural relics. They were part of the CCP, committed crimes against the Chinese nation, not only for seizing the nation’s power killing people,they were a group corrupt officials and great thieves, seized national precious cultural relics and the private heritage. This had revealed the rumor of the “Cultural Revolution is the counter-corruption revolution”. On May 18, 1966, Lin Biao loudly said “fight selfishness and repudiate revisionism meeting”, “the peasants have both the private plots and the collective land. Basket of excrements, A Basket of dung, deliverit to private plots or the ollective land, there is a struggle”. Lin Biao once paid766 Yuan to “buy” national cultural relics. Calligraphies, paintings and so on valuable things, according to that time’s price should be more than 3430000 Yuan. In 1970, Jiang Qing and Kang Sheng only paid seven Yuan to “buy” a lot of pearls, gems, gold chain watchs and so on from the National Heritage Management Office. The Red Guards confiscated the famous painter Ye Qianyu’s family property, all were sent to Chen Boda, Lin Biao, Kang Sheng, Jiang Qing, Wang Dongxing) and Li Zuopeng. In Kang Sheng’s home there were precious seals more than 400 pieces, if in the international market to sell, each of such which he himself said that “could become million wealthy man!” They spent the national large amount of money to construct their private villas. Mao and Lin Biao had a lot of private villas all over the country. (4) Mao’s badge of Mao’s quotation “must fight selfishness and repudiate revisionism”.
(5) super-political and religious unity in the form of “Loyalty Dance”,“Mao quotations gymnastics”, “Mao quotations boxing”
During the Cultural Revolution, Mao’s personality cult’s way and the degree, surpassed any religious beliefs, this is actually started from the CCP Yan’an period, Liu Shaoqi, Lin Biao et al., for upward crawl, went all out to carry on to dressed up and beautified Mao, Mao became the “god”, which created evil consequence for China. The populace did the “Loyalty Dance” is different with theatrical performance dance to magnify Mao. The theatrical performance magnified Mao’s dance is only the actors’ behavior, usually needs to put on makeup; The populace “Loyalty Dance” is one kind of populace participate in (religion) the political ceremony, which expressed they were loyal to Mao. Both “Mao quotations gymnastics” and “Mao quotations boxing” are not gymnastics or boxing, but are political ceremonies, they used the gymnastics and the Chinese traditional “Taiji boxing” to add Maoism political performance, transformed into a nondescript and ridiculous behaviors.
（1，2）The populace “Loyalty Dance”in streets.Photo by Wei Dezhong.（3）In 1967, Liaoning Yingkou station, when the train stop, all passengers must get off to jump “Loyalty Dance”. Photo by Jiang Shaowu.
(1,2) Everywhere and everybody jumped the “loyalty dance”, but almost always barefoot. Gaozhou County, Guangdong province, September, 1968. (3) The cadres olds jumped the “loyalty dance” during the meeting. Photo by Jiang Shaowu. (2) The populace jumped “loyalty dance”.
(1,2) before the meeting or the celebration, people must jump the “loyalty dance”. Photo by Xiaozhuang. (3) The female commune members jumped the “loyalty dance”, Fangshan commune, Jiangning county, Jiangsu province. Photo by Xiao Zhuang.1968. (4) The educated youths jumped the “loyalty dance”. Liangshan Mianning County, Sichuan province.
In February, 1967, cadres of Natioal Geology Ministry were doing “Mao quotations gymnastics”, which the PLA Second Artillery Corps Troup composed the music to Mao’s quotations and Beijing Sports Institute (at that time was renamed as Beijing Workers-peasan-soldiers Sports Institute) created to be one kind of fitness and political and religious activities mixture. The first section “The force at the core leading our cause forward is the Chinese Communist Party, the theoretical basis guiding our thinking is Marxism-Leninism”, is the upper limb movement, chin up and chest out, meaning infinitely belief and respect the CCP and Marxism and and Leninism. The second section “we must believe the populace, we must believe the party” is expanding chest movement. The third section “grasping revolution and promoting production, prepare against war and natural disasters for the people” is the whole body movement, acting as to fight hamme, harvest grain…Also has “do not forget the class struggle” and so on, altogether 18 sections. At that time Guo Moruo, vice chairman of National People's Congress, accompanied the foreign guest to watch the “Mao quotations gymnastics”, in the sports institute. The propaganda said “do one time Mao quotations gymnastics, is given a vivid Mao Zedong Thought class”. Popularizing to do “Mao quotations gymnastics” was the important political task of the nation. The PLA Second Artillery Corps had also manufactured Mao’s badges of "Mao quotations Exercises".
“Sports Battlefield Report” and other newspapers popularized "Mao quotations Exercises". The traditional Chinese “Taiji boxing” was transformed to be “respectfully wish Chairman Mao long life Taijiquan” by Beijing Workers-peasan-soldiers Sports Institute. And there was a “Chairman Mao’s quotations boxing”, and so on, were propaganazed and practiced in the country, first in schools.
(6) Everywhere in the country offer birthday congratulations for Mao daily
(1) Beijing National Day parade, “Wish Chairman Mao long life”. (2) Guangzhou No.2 Middle School, “long life” archway, 1972. (3) Many buildings were decorated like this, “Wish Chairman Mao long life”. (3) The cadres had to take the lead to do like this: chest wear Mao’s badge, carry a Mao’s quotations book’s special bag, hand picks the Mao’s quotations book, to say “respectfully wish Chairman Mao long life”.
(1) soldiers hand-held Mao’s Quotations to shout “Mao long life”. (2) A pledge assembly of foundation for a statue of Chairman Mao. (3) Radio broadcast every day was these “Mao long life” songs.
(1) A historical resort of Suzhou once was renovated as “wish Mao long life” design, now had to re- renovated to be original like, is still visible the residue. (2,3,4) The most popular slogans and indoor and outdoor decoration.
The most popular slogans and indoor and outdoor decoration.
(1) The newspapers all were about “wish Mao long life”, not other contents. (2) popular song, besides long life not other words and phrases. (3) popular letter writing form, first wish Mao long life, some also respectfully wish Lin vice commander forever healthy. (4) Envelopes, money order and all votes were printed with “wish Mao long life” or Mao’s quotations.
(1) One of innumerable kinds “wish Mao long life” posters. (2) One of innumerable kinds “wish Mao long life” badges. (3) Mao died dozens years, but also “wish Mao long life”. March 28, 2009 Tibet Biru County sing meeting, singed “wish Chairman Mao Long life”. (4) On May 15, 2009, Chongqing Normal University “sing red song”: “wish Chairman Mao Long life”.
(7) “The world enter the era of Mao”, “Mao is the people's great savior”, “Only socialism can save China”
Since the CCP established government, people had sang meeting must sing “Mao is the people's great savior”. On January 11, 1967, People's Daily gave a big title: Let Mao Zedong Thought red the world. On May 23, 1967, People's Daily “Cheer the world to enter in Mao Zedon Thought’s great new era”. On October 4, 1967, People's Daily reported when Mao interview foreign visitors, said that Mao was red sun of the world people’s hearts”, therefore all over the country’s media widely propagandized this slogan.
Actually, Mao and the CCP attempted to bcome “leader of the world revolution”, to propaganda Mao’s thought to other countries, and paid a lot of foreign aid. China’s foreign aid occupied national economy’s proportion was very high, in 1973, the foreign aid spending accounted for GDP 2.052%, for the national expenditure proportion 7.2%, it surpassed the country to the public education investment, caused country's economic development to be implicated. Spends so many but not constructed the “face-saving project”, instead there were more than 30 countries (that time 50 countries established diplomatic relation with China) diplomatic disputed or broke off diplomatic relations only in more than one year. Mao disregard of life and death of the Chinese people to spend the people's hard-earned money bought a few foreigners favor, then used these few foreigners’s saying to deceive the Chinese people. Only to Albania (population two million), the CCP has provided the nearly 9,000,000,000 Yuan economies and the military assistance.
(1) In 1968 National Day，Harbin parade float “The world people deeply loved Chairman Mao”. (2,3,4) A variety of posters, “Chairman Mao is world people’s great savior”, “Chairman Mao is world people heart’s red sun”.
A variety of promotional materials and souvenirs: “Mao is the Chinese people's great savior", "Mao is the red sun in the hearts of the world people”, “Cheers the world entered in the Mao Zedong Thought’s era."
(1) “Mao is the people's great savior”, but in fact the people had no shoes on feet, lived in the such kind houses. (2) many peasants were still living in the Cultural Revolution “revolutionizating” houses, in the economy were still the poor peasants. (3) On the wall the slogan “hold high the great red flag of Mao Zedong Thought to go forward courageously”.
“Only socialism can save China”.
(1) “Mao is the people's great savior”. (2) “Hold high the great banner of Chairman Mao, struggle for the construction of socialist modernization!” (3) “Realize the industry modernization, agriculture modernization, national defense modernization, science and technology modernization!”
