Chapter 6. Conclusion of the Cultural Revolution
1. The Cultural Revolution complete failure but it said“victory” “long live” “is good”
“Cultural Revolution” is the Chinese history and even the world history’s the most greatly and longest man-made disaster, the CCP so far does not have, not to be willing to carry on the introspection and self-criticism to it. Once the CCP propagandized the Cultural Revolution was people's holiday, but actually the people lived in the misery and in the abyss. Looked like at that time the people loudly sang “The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution is Good! Is good!”, actually everyone's mind is very aware, and the present “the red songfest” will not sing “The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution is Good! Is good!”
(1,2) Mao’s quotation: “The Cultural Revolution is necessary" and the “quotations song”. (3,4) “Long live the Cultural Revolution!”
“文化大革命全面胜利万岁”
Cultural Revolution was a“great victory, people's festival”，every day could celebrate, for example, obtained a Mao’s quotations book or Mao’s badges, Liu Shaoqi or someone was overthrown, Mao gave a newest instructions, etc., could not go to work.
(1) “Long live the victory of the cultural revolution under the proletariat dictatorship”, Day People's Daily, Red Flag magazine and Liberation Army Daily joint editorial of October 1, 1967, amended by Mao, People's Publishing House massively print, Foreign Languages Press thanslated into English and French and other foreign language versions. (3,4,5) “Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution is good”.
(1) In May, 1976, Shanghai Populace Singing Assembly, chorus “the great proletarian cultural revolution is good!”. (2) All over the country sing “the great proletarian cultural revolution is good!”. (3) On June 27, 1981, the first plenary session of the sixth CCP Committee has passed unanimously “the resolution on CCP's various historical issues since the foundation of PRC”,it wrote: “the `Great Cultural Revolution ' is starts wrongly by the leader, was used by the counter-revolutionary bloc, brought the serious disaster and civil strife for the party, the country and various races people”
2. Canceling the constitution, violating human rights, disregarding human life, slaughtering innocents
In 1954 “Constitution of the PRC” had formulated, this is a big progress after the CCP establishing the government, it clearly stipulated state president (Chairman of the Central Government) five year’s term, this obviously hindered Mao’s will of personality cult and the imperial authority turning over. Mao’s individual will substituted country constitution, causing great retrogression for China's politics, economy, culture and the people lives. Mao could appoint and dismiss CCP’s senior officials according to his individual like or dislike, his reassurance or not reassurance. Mao using Liu Shaoqi and so on originally diligently set up his great authority, initiated “the mass movements” time and time again; In order to consolidate his political power, Mao once in the Lushan conference twice stressed that “suppress counter revolutionaries, kill a million, has the necessity extremely”, it realized in the Cultural Revolution; In the Great Cultural Revolution process especially during the several times “Red Terror” high tide slaughtered innocents innumerably. Even the President (Liu) died an ignominious death, the ordinary people even more out of the question of human rights protection.
(1) Canceling the constitution, lawlessness
(1) On September 15, 1954 Liu Shaoqi did“Report on Constitution of the People's Republic of China Draft”. (2) On September 20, 1954, National People's Congress balloted and passed the “Constitution of the PRC”. (3) On September 21, 1954, Beijing populace in the Tiananmen Square celebrated the birth of “Constitution of the PRC”. (4) In 1957 Mao wrote to Zhou Enlai “about strengthened the school political thinking work and so on” to cancel “constitution lesson” in the schools and reduce the essential curriculum but must start the political lesson. In the Cultural Revolution, the state president Liu Shaoqi was overthrow by Mao who played plot, was mercilessly interrogated and beatenby Red Guards. On August 5, 1967, Jiang Qing and Kang Sheng and so on planned once more in Zhongnanhai to interrogate Liu Shaoqi, after the brutal attacking Liu took the “Constitution of PRC” and protested: “I am PRC’s president. How do you treat me, this immaterial, but I must guard state president's dignity. Who has recalled my state president? You do this, is insulting the country.” The national constitution was abolished by Mao, Liu said the words did not have any effect, until he was persecuted to death.
(1) Peng Dehuai. Vice Chairman of Central Military Commission, Secretary of Defense. In 1959 the Lushan conference was originally the discussion economic work, Peng wrote a letter to Mao request to correct “the Great Leap Forward” and so on the CCP’s mistakes, Mao changed the conference subject suddenly, called Lin Biao to Lushan and held “the Political Bureau enlarged meeting”, removed Peng from office. Jiang Qing and Qi Benyu incited, on July 19, 1967, Beijing Aeronautics College held ten thousand people meeting to interrogate Peng who was overthrown 7 years ago. On August 11, 1966, Beijing Normal University convened ten thousand peopl meeting to interrogates Peng Dehuai and Pu Anxiu (Peng's wife, Beijing Normal University’s deputy secretary, was already abolished in “reform-through-labor”), Pu was injures and in the hospital rescue; Peng was pulled afterward was injured in interrogating in the Beijing Military Region. Afterward again Peng was interrogated in Beijing garrison command, Beijing garrison command assistant Commander Li Zhongqi beated Peng and shouted “Peng Dehuai! You also have today!” Beijing Military Region Deputy Political Commissar Wang Zifeng then put a manure basket on Peng’s head. in 2 months more than 100 interrogating, Peng's 2 ribs were broken. Peng was seriously ill when requested treatment but was ignored, on November 29, 1974, he died, the remains were secretly sent to Sichuan after incineration. (2,3) Peng Zhen, Luo Ruiqing. On December 10, 1965, a CCP’s Political Bureau enlarged meeting held in Shanghai, as soon as Luo Ruiqing arrived, Lin Biao’s wife Ye Qun et al. criticized him (saying that Luo said Lin Biao was sick person and so on), then removed from office, arrested. Mao said Peng Zhen managed Beijing was needle cannot insert, Mao incited from May 4th to 26th, 1966, to hold “Political Bureau enlarged meeting”, stopped Peng Zhen, Lu Dingyi, Luo Ruiqing's duty of Secretaries of Central Secretariat; Mao said them was a “Peng, Luo, Lu, Yang antiparty bloc”, actually between them had not related; Then, reorganized Beijing Municipal CCP committee. chief, assistant commissioner and so on eight officials in Beijing public security bureau were in charge arrested successively. Mao said afterward: “Peng Zhen was a tiny character mingled into party, I only stabbed a finger down on him”. (4) Lu Dingyi and wife Yan Weibing. Mao said that Lu managed the CCP Propaganda Department was the palace of hell, Lin Biao’s wife Ye Qun had long-term grievances to Yan Weibin; Mao and Lin Biao’s family “joint management” was in honeymoon time, on May 11, 1966, Lin Biao publicized in “the Political Bureau enlarged meeting” that“Ye Qun was a maiden, Yan Weibing said a rumor that Ye Qun and Wang Shiwei and so on had been in love.” Lu Dingyi was removed from office immediately, Yan Weibing was arrested. Lin Biao and Ye Qunhuan did a “Lu Dingyi & Yan Weibing Counter-revolutionary Crime Exposition” in the CCP’s Propaganda Department.
(1) Mao formulated “the CCP Central Committee decision about Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution” namely “Sixteen Items”, clearly stipulated it would implement the comprehensive election system like the Paris Commune. (2,3) In 1967 the Shanghai rebellers seized power and established the “Shanghai People's Commune”,Mao did not disagree this name, he used Red Flag magazine in 1967 March to publish an article, said that to establish “the Revolutionary committee”, did not mention the Paris commune's-like election, but said “deliberations and consultations” to appointed the persons in charge. (4) In 1968 "Red Flag" magazine fourth issue of editorial said that “the superstition election is one conservative thinking”, the Revolutionary committee “is not the election produces, but is the direct dependence general revolution populace's motion produces”, it “produces compared to the election is in harmony with the proletariat democracy, is in harmony with the democratic centralism, can reflect the proletariat and the working people benefit profoundly”. It completely refused the electoral system.
(1) Mao sends out the “highest instructions”, the national people had to “learn the highest instructions, carry out the highest instructions, propagandaze the highest instructions, guard the highest instructions”. (2) “Chairman Mao’s loves is my love, Chairman Mao’s supports I must support, Chairman Mao’s instructs I act accordingly, Chairman Mao waves I go forward”. (3) “All I thinking is Chairman Mao’s instructions, all I obey is Chairman Mao’s instructions, all I follow is close to Chairman Mao, all I have done is for Chairman Mao”. (3) Confiscates family's property at will; This familiy was scolded by rebellers using posters Because someone of this household did not agree with “the rebels”, was labelled as “the monarchists” critique, endangered the entire family. (4) Confiscated family's property, to seal a door at will. In 1966 August to September, there were 33695 households families in Beijing were confiscated family's property, the Red Guard got a lot of golds, silvers, Renminbi cashes, as well as antiques and so on from confiscating. In Shanghai, from August 23 to September 8. 84,222 households families was confiscated the family's property, to search and seize the massive gold, silver and jewelry.
(2) Any person who once was accused would be deprived of personality
(1) On August 26, 1966，Heilongjiang interrogated “capitalist-roader” Ren Zhongyi. Photo by Li Zhensheng. (2,3) Heilongjiang Governor Li Fanwu etc. were interrogated repeatedly, a Female Red Guard cut his hair let him become “Half-human half-ghost head”, the left side Red Guard adjusted the haircut clippers intentionally to clamp hair to cause the him pain. Photo by Li Zhensheng. Li Fanwu had these bitter experiences, actually Mao on October 24, 1966, said “the anti-Party and anti-socialist elements were Bo Yibo, He Changgong, Wang Feng, also had a Li Fanwu”.
The so called “capitalist roaders” suffered all kinds of inhuman torture.
(1,2,3)”Counter-revolutionary revisionist elements” accepted the various interrogating way. (4) “Anti-Party gangster” Chen J Dejing (1915-2000, once was Secretary of Heilongjiang Provincial Government) was blackened face and clutched and beate by Red Guards in Harbin. Photo by Li Zhensheng.
(1,2) “Big landlord who refused to transform”, “Big blood suck ghost”, “Reactionary academic authority”, “Capitalist” and so on at ten thousand persons meeting accepted interrogating. Photo by Li Zhensheng. (3) In Shenyang street a “sweeps away all monsters and freaks” revolutionary meeting was held, interrogating the “present counter-revolutionaries” “historic counter-revolutionary” “loose woman(once maried several men)” “murderer”; Photo by Jiang Shaowu.
(1) Guo Xiaotang, joined CCP in 1932, deputy CCP Secretary of Henan in 1939. In 1943 in the Yan’an rectification movement, Kang Sheng and Peng Zhen gave him a false charget, Guo Xiaotang et al. were imprisoned and persecuted, in 1950 the CCP Central restored Guo's party membership，and once was deputy minister of Henan provincial Party Committee Propaganda Department. In Cultural Revolution he was labelled as the “Three-antis counter-revolutionary”, and so on, in 1969 was persecuted to death, his family members were implicated; in 1978 was rehabilitated. (2) Hunan Xinhuang County, it gave others the “counter-revolutionary” charge at will and random to be tortured. (3) At the beginning of 1976, in Jiangxi, a landlord family background youth, because broke a tool when he dug wasteland, was given “class enemy who destroyed the revolution” charge to suffer interrogating. (4) In rebels' faction struggles, it could accuse others at will to label a “monarchists member”, carried on the persecution.
(1) In the “red terror”, going to anywhere must have a pass. (2) A "capitalist roader” in-out ticket pass. (3) Cartoons vilifying Liu and his wife Wang Guangmei. (4) Demonized Liu Shaoqi's exhibition.
(1,2,3,4) In the “Red Terror”, a lot of people encountered innocently to be issued a warrant for arrest, reeducation through labor, to imprison, even to be killed. (5) Jiangxi Province Revolutionary Committee document, in Nanchang city, all the so-called “five black categories” (landlord, rich peasant, counter-revolutionary, bad element or rightist) had to removed to the countryside to labor under supervision transformation.
Vilify the “capitalist roaders” (Liu Shaoqi, Deng Xiaoping, Tao Zhu, Peng Dehuai, He Long, etc.), “Resume compilation”. published by Red Guards of China Renmin University (Beijing)
(3) disregarding for human life, killing innocent people
Mao disregard for people's lives, is the root and source which in the Cultural Revolution’s killing innocent people. President of the Republic could be beaten, tortured to death, so the common people could be killed at will. The frantic Red Guards who were stirred up by Mao, could tyrannise and hit the “reactionary gang”at will. On August 3, 1966, Nanjing Normal College's students killed Li Jingyi (secretary and vice-principal of the college) and Wu Tianshi (Minister of Jiangsu provincial education Dept). On August 5 the girl Red Guard Song Binbin (Mao changed her name to Song Yaowu) and so on killed Bian Zhongyun (vice-principal of Beijing Normal University Attached Female Middle School), in the same day they reported face to face to Wu De (secretary of Beijing CCP committee), Wu De reported to Mao. On August 8, 1966, Jiangsu provincial CCP committee secretary Jiang Weiqing, reported to Mao and Zhou Enlai about Nanjing student killing Li Jingyi and Wu Tianshi. Mao delayed giving any opinion to the Red Guards’ killing. This obviously had encouraged the Red Guards mass slaughter the “class enemy”, it reached a high tide during the “Red August (1966)” namely the first time “Red Terror climax” (in which there was a famous “Beijing Daixing County massacre event” ).
(1) The dead “class enemy” in the street. (2) “Who killed my son?” New Wuhan Memoir, August 16, 1967. (3) “The killing, happily!” Editorial of “Rebellion Rational” newspaper, it reported that the city had executed one group of counter-revolutionaries. (4) Cai Tiegeng, joined CCP in 1939, minister of Military Academy training department. In 1957 Peng Dehuai managed the Defense Department’s counter-dogmatism, Marshal Liu Bocheng was criticized and compelled to resign, General Xiao Ke encountered the continual more than four months interrogating brutally. Cai said in a meeting, in 1950s army formulated related regulations were revised by Peng Dehuai and by Mao’s authorization, he was imprisoned on the scene, and was sent to border area “reform through labor”. In October, 1959, Cai was labelled as rightist, and was censured in Changzhou mechanical bureau to work. In 1969 mechanical bureau’s Red Guards confiscated his family's property, found his diary had criticizing Mao’s opinion, Cai and his friends were arrested. In March 1970, Cai and Li Yefang by “counter-revolutionary” crime were carried death penalty. (5) Lin Zhao, student of Beijing University,“rightist”, in 1968 was executed. Beijing University before Cultural Revolution 716 teachers and students were rightist, in which at least 6 were death penalty in Cultural Revolution. See Wang Youqin "Victims of the Cultural Revolution."
Ouyang Xiang, technician of Chinese Academy of Science Institute of Automation; His father Ouyang Qin (secretary of Heilongjiang, in 1978 vice- chairman of national Political Consultative Conference, died in May 1978) in Cultural Revolution was overthrown, on November 24, 1968, Ouyang Xiang used an alias sent his letter to Wang Jiadao (assistant director of Heilongjiang Revolution Committee) said that Ouyang Qin did not oppose Chairman Mao, and Pan Fusheng (director of Heilongjiang Revolution Committee) did the “ultra-left” actions. Wang Jiadao forwarded to the letter to Pan Fusheng, then Heilongjiang Revolution Committee decided this to be “68.11.24 counter-revolutionary case”, Ouyang Xiang was arrested immediately, his two younger sisters were imprison for posting the letter. On November 30, Ouyang Xiang was interrogated in a ten thousand persons meeting. On December 1, 1968, “Heilongjiang Daily” by the topic “firmly suppress counter revolutionaries” reported this meeting. Ouyang Xiang received interrogating day and night. The “revolutionaries” pushed him down from three stories of the "isolation room" window and fell to death, and had made the suicide false appearance. All photo by Li Zhensheng.
Each region shot the “counter-revolutionaries”.
(1,2) Shot “counter-revolutionaries”. (3) Shot “principal offender of rightist to reverse the verdict group”. (4) Shot “class revenge”. (5) Shot “attempt treason collaborator”.
(1) Shot “rogue sodomy committed”. (3) Shot “gambling principal”. (4,5) Shoot the “bad elements”. (6) Shot “murderer”.
(1) Shot “female rogue”. (2) Shot “intentional murderer”. (3) Shot “rogue swindler”. (4) Shot “robbery murder”. (5) Shot “used to commit theft”.
On April 5, 1968, Li Zhensheng photographed shooting “counter-revolutionary bloc principals” process as the clerk of Public Security Bureau, braved life-threatening to retain these pictures. Wu Bingyuan and Wang Yongzeng both were technician of the Harbin Electric Instrument Plant. On January 1, 1968, they posted mimeographed named "To the North” tabloid in the street, but this was listed as the provincial significantly “6811 counter-revolutionary case”. They were parades in Harbin, in several thousand persons judge meeting, they and other counter-revolutionaries and murderers together were judged and executed.
3. Eliminated traditional Chinese culture, smashed the Temple, destroyed monuments and heritage
Mao insisted his “struggle” philosophy, used his authority (once Stalin set up for him, Liu Shaoqi and so on set up for him, Lin Biao and so on set up for him) and method of pulling one faction to hit other faction. Before the Cultural Revolution, Mao through his nephew Mao Yuanxin, to the national each kind of schools propagandzied his instruction “class struggle is your main subject”, later Mao also stressed that “class struggle should say daily”, “do not forget the class struggle”, “there were eight hundred million people, how could not fight? ” The Cultural Revolution is in Mao and the CCP’s history the struggle movements’ extensions and the high tide, such as “Clean up AB group”, “Rectification”, “counterrevolutionary suppression”, “counter-rightists”, “Four clean ups” and so on. At This movement beginning, Mao used the students (Red Guard) who were full of vigor and easy to impulse, achieved Mao’s overthrowing his political opponent's goal, but also created unprecedented catastrophe to eliminate China’s traditional culture, destroy the Confucian temple, smash the scenic spot and historic resorts and the cultural relic malignant consequence, caused people unprecedented huge disaster, caused China's politics, economy, culture to present the great retrogression.
(1) Advocacy of class struggle every day
(1) “Everyday talk about class struggle”. (2) “Do not forget the class struggle”. (3) “Drinking do not forget who digging the well, generations do not forget Mao Zedong and the CCP's graciousness, never forget the class struggle. In July, 1966 four clean-ups commemoration”. Puzi Village, Jieshan town, Guizhou Xingyi City. (4) The cigarette propagandized Mao’s quotation “Act effectively as soon as it grasping the class struggle”.
(1) On May 16, 1976, People's Daily, Red Flag magzine, Liberation Army Daily joint editorial “The Great Cultural Revolution flourish forever” transmited Mao’s “highest instruction” “there were eight hundred million people, how could not fight?”(2) Mao’s highest instruction “Act effectively as soon as it grasping the class struggle” was the article title frequently. (3,4) All over the country were the slogans “do not forget the class struggle”, “Act effectively as soon as it grasping the class struggle” many had left until now.
(1) Monument of Mao’s quotation “do not forget the class struggle”. (2) Red Guards of Harbin Military Engineering College lifted “rebel is justified” slogan parade; September, 1966. Photo by Li Zhensheng. (3) “Struggle counter-revolutionaries meeting” in Gaozhou County, Guangdong. 1973. (4) A village criticism meeting held in field.
(1) Shenyang 300,000 persons lifted Mao’s portraits to participate in “Heilongjiang Province proletariat extinguish capital ism and rebellion ignition assembly”; September 19, 1967. Photo by Jiang Shaowu. (2) Heilongjiang Harbin “Red Guard Square” at 300,000 persons interrogation assembly, many “capitalists” were forced to hung big sign to ben lowe to stands on the chairs. Photo by Li Zhensheng. (3) A class struggle interrogation meeting of Pingshan village, Gaozhou County, Guangdong. 1970. (4) A village class struggle interrogation meeting.
(2) The warm-blooded youths who were stirred up by Mao，“rebellion is rational”，to overthrow all
Mao formulated the CCP central’s “cultural revolution” notice, issued on May 16, 1966, it referred to as “5·16 notice”, summoned to overthrow the “capitalist-roaders” of inner-party, army and the government, to carry on the dictatorship of the proletariat to the cultural domain, objectively it stired up to overthrows all, to destroy ancient time’s tradition was called the “anti- Feudlism”, to repel external culture was counter-capitalism and antirevisionism, abbreviation of the objects of “cultural dictatorship” were “Feudlism, capitalism and antirevisionism”, this noun was too abstruse, therefore in August, 1966, the CCP central announced "about Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution's Decision" (Sixteen Items), proposed to oppos “exploiting class's old ideas, old culture, old customs, old habits”, namely “broken four olds”. The warm-blooded youths were stirred up by Mao, “rebellion is rational”，to suspect all, to overthrow all.
(1) In June, 1966, Tsinghua University attached middle school's several tenage students organized a “Red Guards” group, proposed “revolution is innocent, rebellion is rational”, their “Long live proletariat revolution rebellion” big-character poster said: “do not rebel is one hundred percent of the revisionist! Hit the old world upside down, disrupted chaotically, the more chaos the better”. On August 1, 1966, Mao wrote a letter to support Tsinghua University attached middle school’s “Red Guards”. Mao “fight with people, the joy is endless!”, he summoned he people to be his guard to bombard others' headquarters. Because it was hard to determine who belong to Mao’s headquarters or belong to others' headquarters, so the populace all over the country were divided into the different factions. Therefore struggles between the factions, which faction is “real revolutionary” or “real guard Mao”, only Mao and Jiang Qing’s Central Cultural Revolution Group could determine. At first it divided into the rebel faction and conservative faction, but it was not so simple. Such as in Tsinghua University, original conservative faction was already defeated and disintegrated, the rebel faction “Jinggang Mountain Army Corps” splited in to “old Corps faction” and “414 faction” , in the campus both the two factions took up weapons bloody battle mutually. In Wuhan rebellers splitted into “Workers General” and “Million Lions” two factions, in Guangzhou were “East wind” and “Red Flag” two factions, and all over the country were mainly two big factions. The faction struggles then became resort to violence and civil war, both sides suffered heavy casualties. (2) In 1967 “On September 5 Evening Comrade Jiang Qing’s speech at the third time received Anhui both sides of rebeller delegation”. (The central treated questions of Anhui resort to violence, Anhui province the rebellers divided into “very good” and “good ass” two factions and violent fought with weapons). (3) “Central Cultural Revolution officers receive Guangxi’s partial comrades of the two rebeller faction delegations, and the Central officers’ important instructions ”. (4,5) Almost all libraries across the country were destroyed.
(1) Harbin “burn down the CCP Northeast Bureau”. 1966. Photo by Li Zhensheng. (2) “Pledge to fight to the death in defending Chairman Mao!”. Terrorist and disgusting slogan. (3) National city and countryside only scenery was the big-character posters and the mass-criticism column. (4) Red Guards of Beijing No.2 Middle School closed a photo studio with the big-character posters.
(1) Red Guards often made some bizarre rebellion. They accused Guo Moruo’s writing for for the novel “Song of the Ouyang Hai” the book title which hidden the message of “anti-Mao Zedong”, many Red Guards arrived at Guo's residence to demonstrate several day, “orders” Guo to confesse monstrous crime of “counter-Mao Zedong”. (2,3) Mao’s pictures were printed too much, which also caused many “counter-revolutionary incidents” ridiculous case and even doomed some persons to death. On August 25, 1966, Heilongjiang Daily page 6 and page 5 gave to sunlight perspective effect: The page 6 Flag gpole's arrow passed through page 5 Mao’ head, therefore Red Guards arrived at the Heilongjiang Daily to rebel and cause trouble many times, cameramen Li Zhensheng therefore nearly was labelled as “counter-revolutionary”. Red Guards and the newspaper office and so on many people spent many time and energy to do a “Investigation of Heilongjiang Daily on August 25 page five and page six’s layout situation report”, then the event subsided reluctantly. (4,5) Renowned painter Li Kuchan and his work “Lotuses”. In Cultural Revolution, Li Kuchan sufferd repeatedly interrogates, confiscating family's property, insults and merciless beats. Rebellers said that his work “Lotuses” (eight lotuses) “slandered venomously eight revolutionary model operas”. Li Kuchan had also been forced to expose his teacher Qi Baishi's “crime” materials. Red Guards and rebellers had manufactured many the similar events of unconventional idea. such as “Chinese Youth" magazine” once published a oil painting “Tries to overtake each other”, Red Guards “discovered” it was hidden “long live Chiang Kai-Shek” slogan, caused trouble to be a case.
(1) “Ruthless criticize the reactionary ‘Daughters’ Classic’”. Yuntang commune, Gaozhou County, Guangdong. “Daughters’ Classic” was China’s ancient women’s teaching material of the thought and morals. (2) Beijing old shop “Quanjude”, the famous roast duck shop sign was demolished forcefully by Red Guards. (3) In Henan Xiuwu County, a 70 year old senior veterinarian Li Yinxiang, his medicine books which inherited from parents and summarized by himself, were burned by the rebellers, “broken four olds”. He angered and soon died. (4) in August, 1968, Wuhan Hankou “Hualou Street” (means flower house) was changed name as “Xiangyang Street” (means toward the sun), the populace were organizated a “victory paraders” to cheer.
(1) Imperial Palace is a China traditional culture scenic spot, it forced to change the name as “Palace of tears of blood”. (2) Beijing Dongjiaominxiang street near foreign embassies, was changed the name for “Anti-imperialist road”. Original Yangwei road near the Soviet Embassy was changed name as “Anti-revisionist road”. (3) Beijing Xichanganjie once was changed name as the “Mao Zedong road”. (4) Beijing Xi'anman Street was changed name as “Revolutionary rebel street". (5) Poster “Smash! Good!”
(1) “Bombard the Shanghai CCP Committee” and so on terror slogans wrote on Tiananmen. (2) Red Guard's big-character poster said that this market’s name was the bourgeois ideology, must be destroyed. (3)The barber-shop changed the name as the “East wind”. (3) Perfume and tip leather shoes were “capitalist things”, once as soon as were identified, must receive revolutionary sanction. People's Daily published Red Guard's article saying:“Workers, peasants and soldiers who put on perfume and wear tip leather shoes?”
(1) In square “broken four olds”, destroyed the cultural relics, Guangdong Panyu. (2) Burn down the precious ancient books and calligraphies and paintings.
(1,2) Everyday class struggle, fight American imperialist, fight Soviet revisionist, hit the landlords, hit the bourgeois, hit the rich peasants, hit the rightists, hit counter-revolutionaries, hit the capitalist-roaders, hit the reactionaries, hit the gangsters, hit the academic authority…Overthrows all. (3) “Burns down the British Agency”. On August 16, 1967, rebellers attacked Ministry of Foreign Affairs, smashed the office, vice foreign minister Ji Pengfei, Qiao Guanhua etc. were imprisoned in the basement. Rebellers gave orders outward by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs name. On August August 22 evening, rebellers demonstrated before the Britain agency, held a “denounce the British imperialist anti-Chinese crime meeting”, afterward brock in the British Agency, set fire and burnt down the office building and automobiles.
(3) Smashed the Temple of Confucius
Confucian temple is the location in the history the Chinese people commemorating Confucius’ contribution to the education, its cultural relic value is precious. In November, 1966, under the support of the central Cultural Revolution Group Qi Benyu and Chen Boda, Beijing Normal University’s Tan Houlan led the Red Guards to arrive Shandong Qufu to smash the Confucian temple, caused irreparable damage. Present's Confucian temple is rebuilt.
(1) Mao shook hand with Tan Houlan. (2) Tan Houlan managed “Smash Confucian temple meeting” in Shandong Qufu, she read Mao’s quotation “This kind of reactionary culture is serves for the imperialist and feudalist class, itshould overthrow”. (3,4) “The national denounce Confucius connecting point” was set up, hosted by Beijing Normal University Red Guards Jinggang Mountain Fight Group, the task was to destroy Confucian system, set up Mao Zedong thought’s absolute authority thoroughly. It issued “Denounce Confucius Combat Report” to the national release.
(1) National Red Guards led by Beijing Normal University marched to Qufu, carry on the “revolution”. (2) Cheng Hua tablet of Confucian temple was being smashed. (3) Confucius sculpture of Ming Dynasty in Dachengdian of Confucian temple was destroyed, eyes and heart were dug, posted on the “number one villain”. Other 17 clay idols were destroyed, in the idols many ancient books, silver components and so on were smashed or robbed.
Confucius family's heritages all were destroyed.
The Precious big plaque “Model for all generations”was smashed, burning down.
In the "Cemetery of Confucius” Red Guards destroyed the stone tablets which set up before Ming Dynasty; populace smashed sculptures, dug Confucius rave.
(1,2) Qufu County hired 300 poor peasants, gave each person daily “five jiao”(0.5 Yuan) money, to help the Red Guards to dig up Confucius ancestral graves. (3) Renowned Confucius researcher experts were interrogated. (4) The local “capitalist roaders” and the well-known scholars were forced to accompany Confucius’ statue, carried on a great parade, “a funeral for Confucius”.
(1) The tablet “Great Holy Wenxuan king tomb” was smashed. (2) Kong Lingyi’s grave was digging. (3) Revolution teenager cheering victory. From November 9, to December 7, 1966, altogether destroyed 6000 cultural relics, overburned 2700 volume ancient books, 900 calligraphies and paintings, 1000 previous dynasties stele were destroyed. Finally, the Red Guards sent “greeting telegram”: “Respected Chairman Mao, We revolted! The Confucius idol has been pulled by us, the plaque of ‘model for all generations’ has been picked down by us. The Confucius' grave is shovelled by us!”
(4) Destroyed the historical sites and valuable cultural relics
(1) A Taoist idol's head was cut off, in XuanMiaoguan of Suzhou; innumerable scenic spots, historic resorts, temples and botanical garden suffered destruction. (3) Hefei’s Red Guards smashed and burned the the Buddhas of the “Chenmiao Temple”. (4) Red Guards and the rebellers were doing“destroy the four olds”, destroying the cultural relics.
(1) Burned down the ancient books and the cultural relics. Photo by Weng Naiqiang. (2,3) Heilongjiang Harbin street, rebellers burned down the ancient books and cultural relics. Photo by Li Zhensheng. (4) (4) Nearly all the national stone lions had been demolished.
Throughout the country, the old shop's signs and the cultural treasures and precious old books were took as the “four olds”, overburning them was the “revolutionary action”.
文革破坏的文化古迹、重点文物保护单位的不完全记录
Incomplete records of the destruction of cultural monuments and the key cultural relics in the Cultural Revolution
1． 湖南省炎帝陵主殿被焚，陵墓被挖，焚骨扬灰。
2． 中国人自古尊敬造字者仓颉，各地有仓颉墓。山东寿光仓颉墓园被改造成了“烈士陵园”。河南省濮阳南乐县仓颉墓被毁。
3． 山西舜帝陵被毁，墓冢挂上了大喇叭。
4． 浙江绍兴会稽山的大禹庙被拆毁，大禹塑像被砸烂，头颅齐颈部截断，放在平板车上游街示众。
5． 陕西佛祖释尊亲自开光的三圣像之一八岁等身像被捣毁，号称世界佛教第一至宝，另有2500年历史的珍宝佛经等被盗。
6． 山东孔子墓被铲平，挖掘，大成至圣先师文宣王碑和庙碑被砸碎，孔庙中的泥胎塑像被捣毁。
7． 安徽和县乌江畔项羽的霸王庙、虞姬庙和虞姬墓被砸成废墟。
8． 陕西省兴平县霍去病墓和塑像被毁。
9． 北京颐和园佛香阁被砸，大佛被毁；圆明园遗址在文革中再次遭到破坏，建筑基址和山形水系仅存轮廓。
10．江西崇义王阳明文庙和王文成公祠和王阳明的塑像被毁。福建平和王阳明文庙、浙江绍兴王阳明墓遭到破坏。后来修复。
11．山西太原全市一百九十处庙宇古迹，除十几处保留外，全被毁掉。
12．河南造反派把医圣张仲景的塑像被捣毁，墓亭、石碑被砸烂，纪念馆的展览品被洗劫一空。“医圣祠”已不复存在。
13．河南南阳诸葛亮的“诸葛草庐”（武侯祠）的 ‘千古人龙’、‘汉昭烈皇帝三顾处’等塑像、古迹被砸，珍贵文物被焚烧。
14．陕西汉中勉县“古定军山”石碑，说诸葛亮是个“地主份子”而被砸毁。
15．浙江嵊州书圣王羲之的墓及占地二十亩的金庭观几乎全部平毁。今墓为1984年重修。
16．青海玉树州囊谦县香达镇，文成公主当年亲自主持塑造松赞干布和文成公主二人塑像安放的觉拉寺，被捣毁。后来重修。
17．安徽合肥“宋枢密副使包孝肃公之墓”简称“包青天”墓，合肥人代代保护、年年祭扫，全部被毁。1985年重建。
18．河南汤阴县中学生将岳飞等人的塑像、铜像，秦桧等“五奸党”的铁跪像，连同历代传下的碑刻“横扫”殆尽。
19．浙江杭州造反派砸了岳庙，刨平岳飞坟；岳武穆被焚骨扬灰。文革后花费巨款重修。西湖灵隐寺遭红卫兵翻墙入寺敲毁。
20．内蒙古阿拉腾甘得利草原上的成吉思汗陵园被砸烂。
21．南京明孝陵朱元璋巨大的皇陵石碑被拉倒；石人石马被炸药炸得缺胳膊少腿；皇城也拆得一干二净。文革后重修。
22．海南省海口明代名臣海瑞的坟被砸掉，一代清官的遗骨被挖出游街示众。文革后重修。
23．湖北江陵明代著名政治家张居正之墓被红卫兵敲锣打鼓前来掘墓、砸毁并且焚骨。2004年重修。
24．北京的明朝民族英雄袁崇焕坟被刨平；1984年重修。定陵的明神宗万历皇帝遗骸被掘出。景山明思宗崇祯皇帝纪念树被毁。
25．贵州黎平县明朝名臣何腾蛟故居祠堂被砸，何腾蛟的墓被挖。文革后重修。
26．江苏淮安县河下镇打铜巷中国古代著名的《西游记》作者明代吴承恩的故居被毁为废墟。文革后重修。
27．山东淄搏淄川蒲家庄明清著名文学家蒲松龄墓园被红卫兵掘开，尸骨被捣毁。1979年重修。
28．安徽省全椒县为纪念清朝著名作家、《儒林外史》作者吴敬梓，1959年建吴敬梓纪念馆，文革中被铲平。1984年重建。
29．山东冠县红卫兵砸开千古义丐武训的墓，掘出其遗骨游街、批判后焚烧成灰。昌邑县清末督臣傅振邦的国葬陵墓被挖。
30．湖北江陵南皮中学（张之洞是该校的创始人）的红卫兵刨开清朝名臣张之洞的墓、将尚未腐烂的尸体暴露。1992年重修。
31．北京郊区恩济庄的同治、光绪两朝宫廷大总管李莲英的墓，1966年破四旧被刨开，珠宝文物被盗。
32．河南安阳县明赵简王朱高燧的墓被挖毁。
33．吉林集安将军坟、洞沟古墓群是全国重点文物保护单位，1962年有11280座古墓。因文革期间损毁，现尚存7160座。
34．黑龙江黑河爱辉镇的“将军坟”遭到严重的破坏。
35．杭州清末革命领袖章太炎墓、徐锡麟烈士墓、秋瑾烈士墓，乃至著名民间冤案杨乃武的墓，宋代诗人林和靖墓，都被毁。
36. 山东青岛红卫兵刨开著名政治家康有为的墓，将其头骨写“中国最大的保皇派康有为的狗头”游街示众、展览。
37．浙江奉化县溪口镇蒋介石旧居、蒋氏生母的墓被红卫兵捣毁，其遗骸遭到丢弃、羞辱。
38．湖北南漳县为抗日名将张自忠建造的张公祠、张氏衣冠冢和三个纪念亭均被破坏。
39．陕西西安市杨虎城将军墓，红卫兵说杨是“国民党反动派”， 墓园及墓碑都捣毁。1981年重修。
40．新疆吐鲁番火焰山千佛洞的壁画被‘破四旧’破坏得一塌糊涂。
41．山西运城博物馆原是关帝庙，被‘破四旧’破坏。
42．各地的文庙，如安徽霍邸县文庙、山东莱阳文庙、吉林市文庙等。气势雄伟、价值连城，破四旧中被毁，文革后修复。
43．安徽含山县花山是唐代高僧褒禅、宋代王安石居住、游览圣地；破‘四旧’期间褒禅山大小二塔被炸毁。
44．陕西西安市的全国最大的道教圣地老子讲经台及周围近百座道馆被毁。1982年重修。
45．安徽滁县琅玡山醉翁亭，被红卫兵砸倒宋代大文豪欧阳修撰《醉翁亭记》由苏东坡手书的刻石碑，珍藏文物被抢劫。
46．湖南长沙曾国藩墓也被红卫兵造成一定程度破坏。
47. 浙江杭州明代名臣民族英雄于谦墓于1966年被毁；1982年重建，被国务院列入全国重点文物保护。
48. 浙江省舟山藏经楼，普陀山普济寺、大乘庵、法雨寺、慧济寺，玉佛和收藏明清经书被盗、被烧；“姚公殉难处”碑，浙江省仅存的元代石塔多宝塔像被凿毁；舟山多处古建筑被毁。
49．河南洛阳白马寺是中国第一古刹中的古雕塑十八罗汉像文革中被砸掉，江西抚州金溪县白马寺被毁；文革后均重修。
50. 贵州省镇远县国家重点文物保护单位青龙洞内所有佛、道、儒三家供奉之像被砸坏，现仅余空房。
50. 西藏藏传佛教象征的大昭寺遭到破坏，奉释迦牟尼等塑像被捣毁。当时红卫兵们还把大昭寺的一楼拿来养猪。
51. 山西绛县华山脚下，始建于唐、元代重修的太阴寺的壁画被捣毁。
52. 广西桂林西山唐代石刻、叠彩山等处摩崖石刻佛像头部均被砸毁。
53. 广东珠海陈芳梅溪牌坊群，有的被红卫兵用耕牛和拖拉机拉倒，梅溪村民都坐在牌坊下抗议、保护，才保留剩余的牌坊。
54．西藏达赖喇嘛的夏居罗布林卡（意为宝贝园林）也受到破坏，一段时间还被红卫兵们换上“人民公园”的牌子。
55．北京昌平十三陵镇的沟崖曾是佛、道两教盛地，自元、明建造有玉虚观、碧霞宫、斗姥宫等遗址，许多古迹文物被毁。
56. 四川甘孜藏族自治州甘孜县城的甘孜寺，其建筑风格属藏、汉结合，寺庙系格鲁派，文革时被毁，1980年前后重建。
57. 广东惠州明代民族英雄叶梦熊墓，自明代起就是惠州最有影响的古迹之一。“文革”中被毁，后人现在还努力找寻该墓地。
58. 山东省菏泽定陶的唐哀帝（892年－908年）陵，文革被毁。
59. 重庆云阳县的天公岩石洞庙，文革破坏很严重，给后来的修复增加巨大的成本，有的文物古迹难以修复。
60. 广东珠海前山，清朝中国第一任驻夏威夷领事陈芳故居被毁，光绪皇帝御赐“乐善好施”、“急公济义”题额石碑牌被毁。
61. 广西柳州市柳侯祠内柳宗元衣冠墓，碑题“唐刺史文惠侯柳公宗元之墓”并有对联"文能寿世，惠以养民"，文革被毁。
62. 西藏纳木错，世界最高的大湖中恰多南卡岛是佛教圣地，恰多寺在文革时被毁。
63. 河南开封杞县江陵岗村江淹墓、江淹庙，文革被毁。“江郎才尽”说的是南朝时期大文学家江淹（444—505年）的故事。
64. 云南腾冲和顺县很多牌坊，有各朝代官员或当地名家的题词，文革被毁，现在依原样重建。
65. 山西河曲县“十二景”中最具文化价值的“岑楼挹青”文革期间被毁。
66. 新疆昌吉玛纳斯县大佛寺，文革中被毁，1991年开始重建，1994年澳籍华人马玉翠女士捐资重新雕刻大理石碑等。
67．河北省武安市阳邑镇永安村“南阳邑中寨”元代以前的建筑鸿禧寺，文革时遭破坏，原题记碑被毁。
68. 新疆哈密天山庙岳公台下，光绪朝廷为纪念心月和尚修建经堂、斋堂、寝堂，建造了七级浮屠，文革被毁。
69. 云南省普洱景谷县永平镇芒腊村芒景组莱贯罕山上的雷光佛寺建于公元1733年，文革被毁。2005年重建。
70. 四川广安邓小平祖上邓时敏故居有乾隆御书"莱采怡顾"，朝廷赐造石碑"通奉大夫大理寺正卿邓公神道"，文革被毁。
71. 湖南隆回县山界回族乡罗白清真寺，对促进回汉文化融合、传播爱教爱国传统有重要意义，1970年被拆，文革后重修。
72. 福建泉州开元寺建于686年，是璀璨的国家瑰宝，被红卫兵破“四旧”，改建为“人民商场”，文革后花费巨资修复。
73. 山东省安丘庵上石坊，建于1829年，有“天下无二坊，除了兖州是庵上”之说，文革中被毁。
74. 江苏无锡惠山寺建于423年，原是南朝“历山草堂”，李鸿章将该废墟建“昭忠祠”，辛亥革命后改为“忠烈祠”,文革中被毁。
75. 湖北省阳新县富池镇半壁山甘宁墓，是三国时吴国西陵太守之墓，也是游览胜地，文革期间遭破坏。
76. 四川省青神县中岩佛寺，旧称“慈姥庙”， 建造恢宏，雕饰精美，“文革”被毁，1980年代重建。
77. 湖北省崇阳县寿安寺是有名的古寺，文革被毁，1980年代重建。
78. 江西崇仁县三山乡官山村“乐氏宗祠”，纪念北宋著名地理学家、文学家乐史的状元及第，宋代建筑，文革中被毁。
78. 江苏苏州胥口“胥王庙”又名伍公祠，纪念苏州古城“总设计师”伍子胥而始建于公元前484年，文革被毁。2005年重建。
79. 湖南省涟源圆通寺，文革被毁，正在规划复建。
80. 河南省许昌禹州市鸿畅镇山底吴村“画圣祠”，初创于唐朝末年，文革被毁，文革后重修。
81. 云南玉溪江川县翠峰乡碧云寺，又称“武当别院”，创建于1331年规模宏大的寺庙建筑群，文革被毁，
82. 海南海口市西郊滨涯村海瑞墓园始建于1589年，皇帝派人专程到海南监督修建成，文革被毁，幸而墓碑被人保存。
83. 山东省泰安东平县旧县乡三村“项羽墓”，规模宏大，占地为60亩，文革被毁。文革后重修。
84. 江西省广昌县城旴江镇大塘村慈生禅寺后河东雁塔，始建于1138，文革被毁。
85. 福建省莆田三清殿，创建于628年的玄妙观建筑群，历代屡有修葺，文革被毁，文革后重修；莆田古谯楼边四大牌坊被毁。
86. 西藏桑日县“嘎当派寺”最初建于11世纪，17世纪又成为格鲁派寺院，卡玛当寺在文革中被毁，1986年重建。
87 四川广元剑阁县西武连镇觉苑寺始建于唐贞观年间，又名弘济寺、普济寺；历代屡有修葺，文革被毁。现在规划重建。
88. 广东省连州峰山麓刘瞻衣冠冢，古人为纪念不畏强暴、清正廉洁的唐代宰相刘瞻而建，文革被毁。现在准备重修。
89. 云南保山县城易罗池（九龙池），其景如诗如画，山坡上文笔塔（兹云古塔）始建于出唐代，文革被毁，今又修复。
90. 江西省弋阳县城文星塔（珠子塔），建于明天启年间，“插天之笔，着地金鞭”，视为吉祥物，文革被毁，2000年重建。
91. 北京戒台寺，1949年前是佛事活动中心，1966年后，因修天坛斋宫需用木料，拆了千佛阁，寺内佛像被毁。1980年重修。
92. 广东省韶关南雄市郊莲开净寺原名莲社庵，由念纯祖师创建于明朝，殿宇雄伟，佛像庄严；文革被毁，今重修。
93 云南德宏州芒市风平乡“风平佛塔”始建于1728年，主塔高30多米，十分壮观气派，文革中被毁。近年重建。
94. 安徽休宁齐云山月华街徽派密集建筑群的太素宫前香炉峰朱元璋所赐铁亭和香炉1958年炼钢铁被毁，太素宫文革被毁。
95. 江西吉安市西塔寺，佛教禅宗寺庙，历代都予以修茸，文革被破坏并被占用， 1997年通过法律手段才重归宗教活动场所。
96 江西南昌二中校园内古人建友教书院纪念孔子的弟子澹台灭明（字子羽，其貌不扬但品德才学好），该纪念墓文革被毁。
97. 云南省大理宾川县鸡足山祝圣寺，得到慈禧资助建成，光绪皇帝赐名 “护国祝圣禅寺”。文革金殿被毁，现在重修。
98. 福州城门镇林浦尚书里石牌坊是重要的历史文化保护区，“七科八进士，三代五尚书”故里，牌坊在文革被毁，文革后重建。
99. 贵州省福泉市福泉山又名高贞观，元末开始为道教圣地，文革被毁。
100. 贵州省贵阳市花溪区高坡乡灵应寺，古代高坡苗族首领干把珠根据地遗址，1856年始建，文革被毁。
101. 江苏高邮神居山传说是中国古代五帝之一尧帝的出生地，山顶古悟空寺文革被毁。
102. 浙江武义郭洞何氏宗祠，建于1609年，大学士朱熹曾在此讲过学。祠内匾额等文物在文革中被毁。
103. 山西省方山县积翠乡文山寺，始建于唐贞观年间，飞檐斗拱，巧夺天工。文革被毁；寺内大铁佛像被卖至铁厂化为铁水。
104. 湖南省洪江市黔阳古城太平宫原来是保存最好的明清古建筑群，文革被毁，此外文庙，县衙、宋代大木佛等，亦被毁。
105. 北京安定门内“法明寺”是明代奉敕赐名,被称为四大官寺之一，在文革期间被毁。
106. 福建泉州古城内外原来有成群的牌坊，东街有石牌坊18座其中明坊15座，解放后陆续拆除，文革破四旧几乎全被毁。
107. 湖南郴州石牛仙是著名的佛教仙场，解放前香火旺盛，一个大的寺庙文革中被毁。
108. 云南大理丽江香格里拉自公元前1283年成为雪域佛教朝拜的圣地，“飞来寺”原释迦牟尼十二岁等身佛像“文革被毁。
109. 山东省阳谷县竹口镇金代寿张旧址，是水浒传中李逵大闹寿张县衙的地方，旧有十八层八角古塔，文革中被毁。
110. 湖北省黄冈市黄梅县妙乐寺，建于晋代，唐朝著名诗人骆宾王在此住过，神圣辉煌，文革中被毁，现在重建。
111. 云南瑞丽市姐勒金塔，是瑞丽最古老的佛教建筑、佛事活动场所和旅游景点，古塔在文革被毁；1982年重建。
112. 江西赣州灵岩寺,始建于南唐，清乾隆盛世加以扩建，殿宇最为宏伟，1890重修，文革时被毁，后重建。
113. 北京北顶娘娘庙是明代皇家敕建的庙宇，也是民间物资交流的场所，文革时被严重损毁，近年修复。
114. 天津市天后宫的天后神像文革中被毁坏后曾一度消亡，1985年重新修复天后宫今为天津市民俗博物馆。
115. 天津武清南辛庄皇帝行宫康熙题字碑，碑座大石龟于1960年代在御碑旧址挖出完好，文革被砸去龟头，现残存无头龟。
116. 西藏山南加查县达拉岗布寺是藏传佛教噶举派的祖寺，1121年建，文革中毁损殆尽。
117. 辽宁省东港上庙原存有唐代铁罗汉16尊，文革中被毁。
118. 福建石狮灵秀镇灵秀山金相院（栖真寺）是南宋古迹。“文革”被毁，近年重建寺宇。
119. 浙江省海盐县南北湖是古人筑成的著名海边景区，繁花锦簇，亭台掩映，文革毁坏了明星亭等多处景点，1983年重建。
120. 西藏佛教萨迦派(Sakyapa Order)领袖德松仁波切（Dezhung Rinpoche）尊师所嘱重建的塔兰寺，文革被毁。
121. 甘肃碌曲县郎木寺，1748年，创建文革被毁，1980年重建；它与四川境内1413年建的庙仅隔一条小河有独木桥相通。
122．四川甘孜州理塘县长青春科尔寺，1908～1949年间僧人发展到七千人。文革遭毁，1980年后修复，目前僧人近三千。
123．青海省果洛藏族自治州久治县白玉乡白玉寺，海拔3600米，景色宜人，文革中被毁，1980年重修。
124．四川省甘孜州白玉县城的白玉寺，是德格土司的五大家寺之一，海拔3200米，文革遭破坏，近年重建。
125. 西藏拉萨布达拉宫的印经院、日喀则的那塘印经院，均在文革中被毁。
126．四川甘孜藏族自治州炉霍县寿灵寺，始建于公元850年，文革被毁，近年重修。
127. 西藏山南地区泽当镇圭萨公社赞唐村赞塘寺（玉意拉康），海拔3576米，体现西藏工匠的高超技艺。文革被毁。
128. 西藏桑日县丹萨梯寺，自治区重点文物保护单位，文革遭毁，2005年重修。
129. 西藏日喀则昂仁县的日吾其金塔，是一座塔、殿结合的奇特建筑，是佛塔建筑史上的奇观，文革被毁，近年重修。
128. 西藏日喀则萨迦县萨迦寺，建于1073年，分南、北寺两寺，北寺很好但文革被毁，南寺被作为“反面教材”才保留。
129. 西藏山南地区泽当镇贡布的泽当关帝庙，该建筑和所藏文物在文革中被毁。
130. 西藏拉萨以东40公里的甘丹寺，建于1409年，为格鲁派第一座寺院；文革遭破坏，近年重修。
131. 北京北海公园善因殿，建于1751年，镶嵌有琉璃佛像455尊在文革中被捣毁，1992年重塑，但与原佛像有差别。
132. 浙江桐庐县城内原有三座古塔呈等边三角形，历代修葺为美化县城景观，文革被毁两座，现在仅剩下一座桐君塔。
133. 辽宁省昌图县毛家店太阳村的太平寺，建于1796年，文革期间被毁。1990年代重建。
134. 吉林省榆树市五棵树镇湛江寺，建于清朝康熙年间，文革被毁，1992年按原有规模重建。
135. 江苏南京六合的招贤禅寺，始建于1450年，历代得到很好的管理和修葺，文革中被毁。
136. 湖南衡山忠烈祠，为祭祀抗日牺牲的张自忠、郝梦麟、佟麟阁等38将士而建，曾遭日军破坏，文革被毁，1992年重修。
137. 浙江杭州岳王庙忠烈祠正殿中间为岳飞塑像文革时被毁。近年重修。
138．四川省甘孜州新龙县嘎绒寺（嘎绒寺的传承体系来自嘎陀寺即嘎多寺Kathok Monastery），文革时被毁。近年重修。
139．安徽霍邱县文庙，山东莱阳县文庙，吉林市文庙等全国众多文庙都是难得的古建筑，文革被砸毁，均在近年重修。
140．湖南武冈县有个七级呈八面角锥状的斜塔，不仅有精细的飞禽走兽、亭台楼阁、树木花草，而且历史比世界著名的意大利“比萨斜塔”更古老、更倾斜，被造反派炸毁。
各地对“封资修”开火、对博物馆“破四旧”，中毁灭的古迹， “走资派”“反动学术权威”抄家毁的文物古董无法统计。宁波地区被打成纸浆的明清版的线装古书就有八十吨！
据北京文物管理处的资料证明，在红卫兵破“四旧”过程中，林彪、江青、康生、陈伯达、叶群、黄永胜等人对于文物管理部门和文化名人抄家所得的“四旧”文物字画大肆掠夺。
(5) Tarnish China's language and writing, songs and culture
China's traditional culture was overthrown comprehensively, the newspapers, propaganda materials and textbooks all become the propaganda Mao thought’s tools. Even the news reports, all were “long live”, Mao’s portraits, Mao’s Quotations, had not other contents. (1) Liberation Daily, May 5, 1967. (2) People's Daily. August 1, 1967. (3) People's Daily. July 1, 1970. (4) Wenhui Daily. February, 1967. (5) Wenhui Daily. August 2, 1967.
In Wuhan, Guangzhou and all over the country“Who oppose Chairman Mao, smash his dog head”.
The communist leaders took the lead in meeting, followed by its media, posters and others actively implement the rogue language such as “overthrow, clutch out, criticize to foul, bombard, smash,his dog's head, get out, getting the hell out, shot someone” etc.
(1) Bian Zhongyun (1916-1966), vice principal of Beijing Normal University Attached Female Middle School. In June, 1966 a group of female middle-school students wrote big-character poster and affixed on the door of Bian’s home: “Female bully, poisonous snake, you fucking listen: You dare to ride triumphantly on working people, we must pull out your dog muscle, chop your dog head, break your grandson, drop you a smashes. In the struggle meeting, you were shivering and trembling, your pig wool dishevelled, your head wore a broken basket, your pig face turns purple, your legs paralyzed, your mouth was full of clay, like a dog is drowning. Raises up your pig ear to listen, you dared to commit evil acts again, have been cut to pieces you!” On August 5, 1966, she was brutally beat to death by female Red Guards. Her corpse was towed to hospital, Red Guards forced the doctors to write Bian died of heart disease, the hospital wrote “the cause of death to be unclear”. (2) In October, 1966, Tiananmen Square the university students Red Guard loudly sang “Who is not revolution, fuck his mother!” (3) Slogan “Ruthless criticize Liu thief’s crawlism and slavish comprador philosophy's crime”. (4) Crude language “Liu Shaoqi get out of Zhongnanhai”, Liu Shaoqi’s name wrote upside down.
(1) “Ruthless criticize Liu Xiu’s class struggle extinguishment theory”. Liu Xiu was a incantation created in the cultural revolution, means “Liu is Revisionist”. It gave a demerit mark on the Liu Xiu character. (2) Picture-and-story book “Liu Xiu Unauthorized biography". The figure label was “Chinese Khrushchev bald”, Mao created a name “China's Khrushchev” for Liu and Deng. It undergoes the transformation, it scolds the Soviet old age Khrushchev became bald, Liu is China's Khrushchev. And Liu Shaoqi’s name wrote like “dog” of Chinese character. (3) “ ‘Liu Khrushchev bald’ go to Yangzhou”. Criticism article wrote by rebellers. (4) “Severely beat a drowning dog, smash Liu Thief’s new counter-attacking”.
(1,2) Wrote a demerit mark on someone’s name character (such as Liu Shaoqi), and wrote Liu Shaoqi’s name to look like Chinese character “dog”, was in the big-character posters frequent mode of writing. (3) “Lin Thief clouded over Records”. Nanjing Art College, fine arts department, traditional Chinese painting educational research group. 1974.“Lin Thief” refers to Lin Biao. (4) “What stuff is Lin Thief’s so-called ‘true socialism’?” (5) Red Guard “Notice to the National bastards”. Bastards refers to the youths of family background, “the five black categories”, because “father is a hero child hero, father is a reactionary bastard children”.
(1) Gang slogan: Pledge to fight to the death to guard the proletariat headquarters! Revolt is rational! (2) “Learn with a lively mind to Chairman Mao’s work, place it higher than all, bigger than all, before than all, more important than all. Mao Zedong Thought command and guide of all, instructs all, lead all, transform all.” (3) In 1966, Harbin Military Engineering College Red Rebellion Group “Mao Zedong Thought Red Guards propaganda team” loudly sang in the Tiananmen Square: “Loyal to the revolution and oyal to the CCP, the CCP is my own parents, if who dared to say the Party not good, let him go to hell!” “father is a hero child hero, father is a reactionary bastard children”. “If you revolutionize please come, if does not fuck your mother! roll, roll, roll!” (4,5) “monsters and freaks song”, created by Beijing No.4 Middle School's Red Guards, it spreadec all over the nation. The Red Guards forced the persons who were overthrown to sing several times this “song” everyday, if who sang it but unsatisfied by the Red Guards, they would be hit or punished.
The Chinese tradition song were banned, the people had to sing the gang songs, Mao’s quotations’ songs, or a lot of “Long life Mao” and so on songs. Mao’s quotations’s songs were printed on envelope and so on. The gang song “Revolutionary rebellion song” was disgusting and terrorist: “Chairman Mao is my own parents, who dare to oppose Chairman Mao, let him to see the yama immediately! Kill! Kill! Kills!” Usually sings “hey” also shouted that “must revolutionize walks with me, does not revolutionize rolls his mother's egg!”. There is also a “kills! Kill! Kills!”song.
(1) In Cultural Revolution everyone sang the song “Chairman Mao is closer to us than our parents”. These lyrics were violate Chinese ethics language, advocated that needed for politics to be possible to tell the lie in front, it left behind infinite future trouble for China's politics and culture. (2,3) Inside and outside the house, the entrance decoration, in newpapers and media, everywhere were writen the hypocrisy “Chairman Mao is closer to us than our parents”, until now could see the ruins around the nation.
The regional manufactured massive all kinds of “Chairman Mao is Closer to Us than Our Parents” badges. To such insincere statements, did not think shame, but also take it as glory, Hanging in the chest.
(1) Heilongjiang province Red Rebel seizing power pledge assembly for Chairman Mao's greeting telegram, it wrote: “The most most most most respected great leader, our heart’s reddest, reddest, reddest red sun Chairman Mao…”. Such statements often used in meeting and media. Gang language and “false, big and empty” were popular. The common statements of Mao’s saying “overturn him on the ground, and then step a foot to him”, Lin Biao’s “the Great Cultural Revolution the loses is smallest smallest smallest, the result is greatest greatest greatlest”, quoted repeatedly again. (2) On the wall the slogan “spill blood to defend the country, the corps soldiers are heros, our head can cut off and blood can flow, revolutionary country never lose!” (3,4) “false, big and empty” language: “All think of Chairman Mao, all obey to Chairman Mao, all follow on Chairman Mao, all for Chairman Mao”.
(6) Revolution means seizing power, more important than the earthquake relief
(1) Poster: Mao's quotation “the revolutionary central task and the highest form is armed seizure of power ”. (2) Mao instigated rebels to seize power. In order to seize power, the rebel organizations occupied the governmental agency, did not divide the men and women to sleep the over night in the governmental building corridor. (3) Mimeographed materials “Struggle to seize power” (Chronicle of Wuhan proletariat to seize power). (4,5) Mao’s badge, which had Mao's quotation “the revolutionary central task and the highest form is armed seizure of power”.
(1,2,3) On January 22, 1967, People's Daily published Mao’s quotation “all revolutionary struggle is for seizing power, consolidate power”. Then the Central Orchestra composed for this quotation, the whole nation sang, and had manufactured the phonograph record. The State postal bureau had the postage stamp of this Mao’s quotation. Some factories had manufactured Mao’s badges of this quotation. On August 13, 1967, People's Daily also published Mao quotation “the revolutionary basic question is the political power question”. (4) Mimeograph publicity materials “all revolutionary basic question is the political power question”. (5) “The political power is power of the suppression”. Lin Biao spoke in the CCP Political Bureau congress. on May 18, 1966
“Criticize Deng” and so on the political activity is more important than the earthquake relief work. On July 28, 1976, Hebei Tangshan was in Richter 7.8 earthquake, caused two hundred forty-two thousand dead, wounded one hundred and sixty-four thousand people. The CCP chieftains were busy to seize power, proposed a slogan “criticize Deng thoroughly, and do earthquake relief work”, in fact radically was too busy to think of the earthquake relief work, caused the people life and property to suffer the even more massive loss. On January 5, 1970, Tonghai County of Yunnan Province had 7.7 earthquake, the media did not report. Four days later “Yunnan Daily” only then published a topic “South of Kunming area has strong earthquake, People of the disaster area ‘first not fear hardship the second not fear death’ approaching the earthquake disaster” the article, did not mention the personnel casualty and the property damage. The whole nation did not know this catastrophe. The reports also only said the disaster area people proposed “three do not want” (relief food, relief the funds, relief materials), and returned completely to the contribution goods. “Yunnan Province earthquake relief work office” returns each regions’ donate money 115,000 Yuan, only accepted Chairman Mao’s works and Mao’s portraits and Mao’s badges and the consolatory letters. 30 years later, on January 5, 2000, only then officially announced this Yunnan Tonghai earthquake died 15621 people, disabled 32431, casualties total number nearly 50,000 people.
4. Blocked science and technology, foolled the education, poisoned young people, no end of trouble
(1) Schools suspended classes and scientific research institutions closed to wage class struggle, professors and researchers were attacked
(1) Chengdu Electronic Science and Technology University was nearly sealed by the big-character posters. All universities and the scientific research institutions hads closed, the scientific researchers and teachers were released to carry on the physical labor. (2) All science and technology magazines ceased publication, after 1973, a part of magazines resumed publication, but the contents were Mao’s quotations and the political preaching. (3) The middle-school students “suspended classes to make revolution” “fight the capitalist-roaders”. After 1973, schools “resumed classes to make revolution”, also were “the critique revisionism education route”. (4) The technical staff of an engineering design institute were writing big-character poster to criticize Liu Shaoqi.
(1) Xu Shunshou, born in 1917 was, once studied aeronautical engineering in the American, returned to China and worked in the Aeronautical research institute, joined CCP, was deputy director and chief engineer of Aerospace Department 603 research institute. He designed plunger type and jet trainer, bomber aircraft and the transport aircraft. In 1957 he was accused to have “the right-deviationist thinking” to encounter the criticizing. In 1959 he was accused as “right opportunist” to stop work. In 1961 he was rehabilitated. In Cultural Revolution he became “reactionary academic authority”, “the three anti-elements”, sufferd interrogates brutally, in 1968 was persecuted to death. (2) Li Jirong, “reactionary technical authority”, in 1967 he was interrogated in front of e the motor analyzer which he designed and trialed and developed. (3) Research institute's scientific researchers were forced to countryside to be engaged in the physical labor and wrote big-character postera, it was called “open door to manage the scientific research”. (4) “Open door to manage the scientific research is good”. (5) Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Genetics in the rural criticized revisionism.
In August, 1968, Zhongshan University struggled Ma Xiaoyun and Jin Yingxi etc. large number of “reactionary academic authorities”, their “crimes”: some were the landlord family background, some once joined Kuomintang, some originally worked in the Kuomintang Governmental agency, some once in overseas studied, some had the family members in Taiwan or Hong Kong.
(2) Technology Books ceased to publich, Mao’s books and portrayals massively issued
Technical books were ceased publishing, massively printed and free provided Mao’s “precious red books”, Mao’s portraits and learning Mao’s work’s special-purpose note. Regional had to hold providing Mao’s books grand assembly.
The ocean of Mao’s portraits and Mao’s books. Photo by Weng Naiqiang. Anyone who if was not careful to contaminate Mao’s portrait or Mao’s book, or put the portrait crooked, might be accused of counter-revolutionary crimes.
(1) Wuhan grand “Mao’s Books” issuing ceremony; 1966. Photo by Huang Keqin. (2) Nanjing Radio Factory held grand assembly to celebrate Mao’s Books delivered in the factory, the poster wrote “thankthe CCP Nanjing Municipal Committee to our factory revolutionary staff's biggest concern!” Photo by Xiaozhuang. (3) Delivered the “precious red books” (Mao’s Books) to the country and free distributed to the poor peasants. Photo by Xu Lin. (4) In bookstores except the Mao’s works and Mao’s portraits did not have others.
(3) Endless of the meeting of studying Mao’s work or oath of allegiance to Mao
(4) The only art propaganda content of all the country was to glorify, to be allegiance and defend Mao
The only literary propaganda's content is to eulogy Mao, give loyalty to Mao.
(1) Beijing “East wind market” (Dong'an market) on the gate display window pasted full big-character posters--“let Mao Zedong Thought illuminate each corner!” Photo by Xu Lin. (2) Harbin Red Guards Mao Zedong Thought Art Propaganda Team, waist tied belt, hand-hold precious red books, performanced. Photo by Li Zhensheng. (3,4) Mao Zedong Thought Art Propaganda Team in square performanced; Photo by Weng Naiqiang.
(1) Soldiers of Lanzhou Military Region learned to sing “Communist party member” song. (2) Guangdong Panyu's eulogy Mao’s theatrical performance. (3) In Guangzhou Railway Station, People's Liberation Army “Mao Zedong Thought Propaganda Team” was praising sing “Chairman Mao’s quotations”.
The fine arts work's and the books’ only content is to eulogy Mao, give loyalty to Mao.
