Frequent readers will recognize the name Zhang Mu. He has been a past contributor. Now he honors and educates me with the serialized publication of his book, Chinese Cultural Revolution, here in Public Occurrences. I have begun to reach out to scholars who I know to ask if they have any contacts who could help get Mr. Mu’s book published in “hard copy” and I welcome any reader’s suggestions for a likely publisher. My deepest thanks and appreciation to Mr. Mu. -B.H.
Chinese Cultural Revolution
Zhang Mu
Index
Chapter 1. From birth of the Chinese Communist Party to before Great Cultural Revolution（1920-1966）
Chapter 1. From birth of the Chinese Communist Party to before Great Cultural Revolution（1920-1966）
1. The CCP was born, and it was a branch of the Russian Comintern（1920-1943）
(1) Depending on Soviet Russia
(2) The CCP 5th Congress carried on the Soviet Russia’s instruction “organize rebellion”
(3) The CCP 6th Congress was held in Moscow
(4) The early CCP leaders and their families were subsidized to learning or medical treatment in Soviet
2. The Soviet campaign in China
(1) Japanese invasion of China
(2) Massacre in "Chinese Soviet Area" -- Cultural Revolution's embryonic form
3. Fought on the “Long March” road, under Moscow
4．The inner fighting between Mao and Zhang Guotao caused the annihilation of 20,000 men of the Red Army’s West Route
5. Kuomintang opposed Japan in front, the CCP held inner fight in the rear of Yan'an, Cultural Revolution's embryonic form（1937-1949）
(1) Moscow planned Xi'an Incident which saved Chinese Red Army, Moscow
(2) Kuomintang army heroic opposed Japan
(3) Many KMT generals sacrificed in front of opposing Japan; Zuo Quan, the only one CCP General who sacrificed in the war
(4) The CCP enjoyed the peace and held on a large scale clique struggle in Yan’an
6. Liu Shaoqi and so on created the “Mao Zedong Thought” in Yan’an, vigorously pursued d the personality cult（1939-1946）
7. The CCP said that Stalin is the big benefactor, is the Eighth Route Army defeated Japan , politely called Soviet Union the eldest, oneself the second child（1945-1955）
（1）The CCP said that Stalin is the big benefactor, is the Eighth Route Army defeated Japan
（2）The CCP politely called Soviet Union the eldest, oneself the second child
8. Counter-revolutionary movement killed three million people for consolidating Mao’s power（1950-1956）
(1) Suppression of counter-revolutionary movement
(2) “Three Antis” and "Five Antis" movement
(3) Suppression "Hu Feng counterrevolutionary group"
(4) Other major injustice cases of attack intellectuals
9. After the CCP established government, Mao’s various "anti-Party group" case of eliminating dissidents（1952-1962）
(1) PRC founding fathers “fall from a horse” or “stands out of the way” one by one
(2) "Gao Gang and Rao Shushi anti-Party Alliance
(3) “Pan Hannian and Yan Fan anti-Party group" case
(4) “Xi Zhongxun, Jia Tuofu and Liu Jingfan antiparty bloc case” was also afterward “Cultural Revolution” preview
(5) Every regions made massive “anti-party bloc” cases, also was preview of future “Cultural Revolution”
10. Anti-Rightist Campaign, Mao gave a sweep to Chinese culture and the intellectual（1957-1958）
11. The Great Leap Forward and the following starvation of approximately 40,000,000 people（1958-1962）.
(1) Mao launched all the country to eradicate sparrows
(2) Mao launched the Great Leap Forward, big steel-making in industry
(3) Mao launched the Great Leap Forward, “launching satellites” in agriculture, greatly exaggeration
(4) Mao launched the country to establish People's Communes
(5) "Great Famine" caused approximately 40,000,000 people starve to death
(6) "Great Famine" caused fifty thousand "Shanghai orphans" moved to Inner Mongolia
(7) The case of Liu Jiayuan eating his son in Li County of Hunan province
(8) "Great Famine" caused a fashion of 100,000 people fleeing to Hong Kong in 1962
12．Down with Peng Dehuai, entrust Lin Biao with heavy responsibility to do large scale personality cult（1959-1961）
13. “7000 People's Congress”, Mao openly split with Liu Shaoqi（1962）
Chapter 2. Prelude of the Cultural Revolution（1963-1966）
1. Mao said "I am Marx add Emperor Chin Shihhuang”, intend to pass throne to his family
(1) Constructed Mao’s personal special-purpose villa all over the country
(2) The "line struggle" around Mao's private villa Construction in Guangzhou
(3) Emperor Mao’s erosion private life
(4) On surface Mao asked Liu to be his "successor", in fact Mao took Liu as "China
(5) Mao supported Jiang Qing to rise in the political arena
(6) Mao supported the rise of his nephew, Mao Yuanxin.
2. Mao began to compete with Liu, launched “socialist education movement (Four Clean-Ups movement)”
(1) Liu's reputation caught up with, even surpassed Mao
(2) All the country carried out class struggle and socialist education
(3) Ms. Liu's "Taoyuan experience"
(4) The project “Reforming Mountain Tai by Mao Zedong Thought”
(4) The project “Reforming Mountain Tai by Mao Zedong Thought”
(5) A class struggle education project, revolutionary clays "Rent Collection Courtyard", tired the people and wasted resources
3. Lin Biao vigorously implemented learning "Quotations of Mao" in the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, while Mao called “Whole nation learn from the PLA”
(1) The PLA greatly engaging in “study Chairman Mao’s works”
(2) Mao called “all the nation learn from the PLA”
(3) All the country vigorously engaging in “study Mao’s quotations (precious red book)”
(4) In order to set up the authority of Mao’ works, brutally eliminate the dissidents
4．Mao re-climb Mountain Jinggang, determined to overthrow Liu soon
5. Jiang Qing was in charge of the drama reform and “literary revolution”, acted to criticize "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office", and opened the “cultural revolution” prologue
6. "Honeymoon period" of joint management of Mao and Lin’s families (1965-1969)
(1) Joint management of both Mao and Lin’s families is important condition for launching the Cultural Revolution
(2) Jiang Qing became “"standard-bearer of the Cultural Revolution”
(3) Mao’s letter to Lin Biao “the May seventh directive”, Lin Biao “complete the nation to become Mao Zedong Thought School
(4) Wish Chairman Mao long life! Wish Vice-Chairman Lin forever health!
7. Peng Zhen proposed the February outline, limited the criticism of "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office" in the academic issues, thus he was punished for offense
8. All the nation criticize Deng Tuo, Wu Han, Liao Mosha “Three-families village antiparty bloc”
9. Mao reclusive lived in "Dishui cave" of Shaoshan, deployed major measures to use Lin beat Liu
Chapter 3. The first stage of the Cultural Revolution（1966-1969）
1. The CCP Central Committee issued "May16 Notice", symbolized the Cultural Revolution start (1966.5)
2. Liu Shaoqi managed to criticize Zhu De (1966.5)
3. Overthrow “Peng Zhen, Luo Ruiqing, Lu Dingyi, Yang Shangkun antiparty bloc” (1966.5～6)
4. Mao and Liu disputed publicly, Mao’s “the artillery hits the headquarters” and the CCP Central Committee “Sixteen Stipulation” (1966)
5. Mao supported vigorously the Red Guard movement（1966-1968）
(1) The rise of Red Guards
(2) Mao eight times interviewed the Red Guards from all over the country
(3) Mao launched the Red Guards to revolutionary travel and connecting
(4) Mao, Lin Biao, Jiang Qing, Kang Sheng encouraged the Red Guards "rebel"
(5) Mao instigated all the country to interrogate "reactionary academic authority"
6. Mao said “worldwide chaos” to Jiang Qing already realized, all the nation hit the capitalist-roaders, overthrow Liu, Deng and Tao （1966.6～1967）
(1) Instigated by the Central Cultural Revolution Group, Beijing
(2) Red Guards travelling and connecting, nationwide appeared large-scale fighting capitalist roaders
(3) From the “criticize China
(4) Down with Liu, Deng, and Tao
(5) All Universities
7. Mao instigated the Foreign Affairs Ministry to revolt and seize power, “shelling” Chen Yi（1966.9-1967）
8. Beating, smashing, looting, burning, killing, the first time of “Red Terror” climax（1966.8-1967）
(1) “Long Live the Red Terror”
(2) Trumped-up charged “class enemies” were tormented die rather than live, large-scale persecution of suicide
(3) Large-scale cruel and inhuman collective massacre
9. Mao encouraged the rebels to seize power -“January Revolution Storm”（1966.8-1967.2）
(1) Mao summoned the rebels “greatly coalition, greatly seize power”
(2) “January Revolution Storm”
(3) Seizing power and anti-seizing power lay down the seeds of future factions resorting to violence disaster
10. A group of CCP senior statesmen resisted the Cultural Revolution; Mao denounced them as "February Adverse Current"（1967.2-1968）
11．All the country set up the "Revolutionary Committee"（1967.7-1968.9）
12. “Vigorously establish the absolute authority of the great leader Chairman Mao”（1967-1977）
13. Violence struggle between the mass organization’s factions, the second time national "Red Terror" climax（1967-1968）
(1) From clique argues and debate to national large-scale armed conflict
(2) Guangzhou
(3) Guangxi resorting to violence Events
(4) Wuhan
(5) Jiangxi Ganzhou resorting to violence
(6) Chongqing
(7) Incidents of mass resorting to violence in other places
14．Mao sent out army to "support the left", the "military propaganda team" or "workers propaganda team" entered the school, the Red Guards disappeared（1967-1970）
15. Liu Shaoqi was expelled from the CCP forever（1968.10）
16. “Clutch the capitalist-roader in PLA” run too far shook military morale; Mao changed strategy to hit “scapegoat”（1967-1968）
（1）Case of “Wang Li, Guan Feng, Qi Benyu”
（2）“Accusing Xie Fuzhi event”
（3）“Event of Yang Chengwu, Yu Li Jin and Fu Chongbi”
17. CCP 9th Congress, the party constitution stipulated Lin Biao as Mao’s successor, Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin took the important post（1969）
(1) CCP 9th Congress, the party constitution stipulated Lin Biao as Mao’s successor
(2) Resumes of some the represents of CCP 9th Congress and the Central Committee members
(3) Mao Yuanxin became a political star on the political stage
Chapter 4. The second stage of the Cultural Revolution（1969-1973）
1. Lin Biao created his power system（1969.4-1970）
(1) Party Constitution gave the legal Mao’s successor authority, "honeymoon" in the peak of the of Mao and Lin’s joint management
(2) Lin Biao and Ye Qun created their son Lin Liguo’s successor authority
(3) Ye Qun Lin Liguo in the country to "choose Princess"
(4) Lin Biao, Ye Qun and Lin Liguo climbed on Mountain Jinggang
(4) Lin Biao, Ye Qun and Lin Liguo climbed on Mountain Jinggang
2. “Red Guards” organizations disappeared, cadres and the “educated youth” went to countryside（1968-1975）
（1）Cadres were “sent to do manual labor; “educated" youth went to countryside”
（2）A farce of “Red Guards and young intellectuals support world revolution”
（3）strike of the educated youth in Yunnan Province, petition in Beijing, the end of the “educated youth” movement
4. Cultural Revolution’s "struggle-criticism-transformation" collaborates to advance by Lin Biao and Jiang Qing（1968-1969）
5. The third time of the “Red Terror” climax: clean up the class ranks, a fight against the three evils, check the "May 16 elements", etc.（1968.8-1971）
(1) Clean up the class ranks, fight against the three evils,
(2) Kang Sheng created an injustice case "Bo Yibo and so on 61 persons surrendered."
(3) Kang Sheng and Jiang Qing created a case “Yunnan
(4) Kang Sheng and Xie Fuzhi created an injustice case of "Inner Mongolia People's Revolutionary Party"
(5) Lin Biao and Jiang Qing created an injustice case of “counter-revolutionary group and collaborators in Northeast"
(6) Mao and Jiang Qing launched to check the "May 16 elements"
6. State President Liu Shaoqi and the CCP veteran Chen Yi and He Long etc were brutally tortured to death（1967-1975）
(1) Liu Shaoqi was brutally tortured to death
(2) Tragedy of Wang Jiaxiang and Zhang Wentian and the others
(3) He Long was persecuted to death by Lin Biao and Kang Sheng, so-called "February mutiny"
(4) The death of Chen Yi and his memorial service
7．United Fleet", Lin Biao and his son prepared to seize power（1970-1971）"
8. The second plenary session of the 9th CCP central committee (Lushan Meeting), Mao group struggled with Lin group（1970）
9. Lin Biao and his sons murdered Mao, instigated the coup but was defeated, fled to Mongolia（1971）
(1) Abortion of the third plenary session of the 9th CCP, Mao went southern tour and gave suggestion to several provincial leaders
(2) Lin Biao and his son instigated to murder Mao and hold armed uprising
(3) The coup plotted by Lin Biao and his son was defeat, all his family anxiety fled, the plane fell and people died
(4) The CCP Central Committee announced Lin Biao event difficultly to common people
Chapter 5. The third stage of the Cultural Revolution（1973-1976）
1. Although Mao defeated Lin, but his body and mind suffered huge attack, health worsened（1972-1976）
2. The 10th Party Congress, Mao found Wang Hongwen to “take over”（1972-1976）
3. Deng Xiaoping who was struck down on to return Beijing
(1) Deng Xiaoping was struck down and expelled out of Beijing to Jiangxi Xinjian County
(2) National economy somewhat restored under Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping’s works
(1) “Criticizing Lin Biao, Confucius and Zhou”
(2) Mao summoned tot comment the novel "All Men Are Brothers", criticizing capitulationists such as Song Jiang, the character of this novel
5. Jiang Qing want “formed a cabinet”, the senior statesmen opposed（1974-1975）
6. Mao Zedong's liaison officer, Mao Yuanxin's revolutionary action（1975-1976）
(1) Mao Yuanxin coordinated with Jiang Qing to persecute intellectual
(2) All the nation learned from Liaoning
(3) During Cultural Revolution time Liaoning
(4) Mao Yuanxin and Jiang Qing flattered mutually, formed a partnership to attack Zhou Enlai.
7. Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin teamed up struggled with Deng Xiaoping Around the "education revolution"（1972-1976）
(1) Deng Xiaoping insisted to resume the university recruitment of students; Mao adhered to "recommend the workers, peasants and soldiers to the university"
(2) The farce of all nation rush to set up "July 21 worker University"
(3) Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin jointly set up a hero of “turning in a blank examination paper”and “counter-tidal current”
(4) Mao Yuanxin and Jiang Qing collaborated in the "National Learning Chaoyang Agricultural College
8. Mao gradually lost confidence of Wang Hongwen, entrusted with heavy responsibility Huang Guofeng reuse, Hua Guofeng （1974-1976）
9. Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin led “criticizing Deng counter-attack rightist wind to reverse the verdict"（1975-1976）
10. Xie Fuzhi and Kang died and were given grand memorial ceremony（1975）
(1) Xie Fuzhi died, his memorial ceremony
(2) Kang Sheng died, his memorial ceremony
11. Zhou Enlai died, "April 5 (Ching Ming Festival) counter-revolutionary incident" in Tiananmen Square （1975）
(1) "Wu Hao event", the magic Mao overmastered Zhou
(2) The truth about “Zhou Dismissed from premier” event in 1958
(3) Zhou Enlai's younger brother, adopted daughter and Zhou’s aid staff were brutally persecuted
(4) Zhou Enlai in the Cultural Revolution.
(5) Zhou Enlai died due to illness
(5) Zhou Enlai died due to illness
(6) "April 5 (Ching Ming Festival) counter-revolutionary incident" in Tiananmen Square
12. Deng Xiaoping was withdrew all his posts inside and outside of CCP, Huang Guofeng came on stage（1976）
13. The fourth “red terror” Climax, “investigating politics rumor, capturing the reactionary slogan or poetry, cracking down the counter-revolutionary activity”（1976）
14. Jiang Qing and Mao Yuanxin ready to stage and did various political shows（1974-1976）
(1) Jiang Qing was the "national leader" as reported in the media, met with foreign guests
(2) Roxanne Witke, American history professor and writer, heard Jiang’s prattle then wrote her history book and published in the West
(3) Jiang Qing prepared her empress clothing, and the populace “national uniform” when she ascends the throne
(4) Jiang Qing set up her “model” of Cultural Revolution in a village in Tianjin
(5) Jiang Qing loudly said “criticizes Deng”and seizing power at the national agriculture meeting, Mao could not but criticized “Jiang Qing was irrelevant”
(6) Li Ne, Jiang and Mao’s daughter, the deputy secretary of the CCP Beijing City Committee.
(7) Mao Yuanxin’s "overlord" attitude
15. Mao's death, Hua Guofeng, Ye Jianying, Li Xiannian so on collaborated to seize Jiang Qing’s “Gang of Four”（1976.9-1976.10）
(1) Mao's death, the struggle of the CCP Central Committee before the memorial service
(2) Wang Hongwen presided over the memorial service, Hua Guofeng gave eulogy
(3) Ye Jianying, Hua Guofeng, Wang Dongxing, Li Xiannian and other joint arrest "gang of four"
(4) "Shanghai Gang" riots failed attempts; Hua Guofeng successful became the successor
16. Zhang Yufeng, a unique and important figure in the CCP history（1962-1976）
17. Gross controversial Mao’s "death will" "I trust you in what you do"（1976）
18. Huang Guofeng came on stage, continued to criticize Deng, "The Two Whatever’s” （1976）
19. Deng Xiaoping resurface once more (his history three fall and rise, this was the third) （1977）
20. The CCP 11th congress officially announced the "Cultural Revolution" to be ended, Hua Guofeng gradually losing power（1977-1980）
21. Mao dynasty alienation in post-Mao era (1976- )
Chapter 6. Conclusion of the Cultural Revolution
1. The Cultural Revolution complete failure but it said “victory” “long live” “is good”
2. Canceling the constitution, violating human rights, disregarding human life, slaughtering innocents
(1) Canceling the constitution, lawlessness
(2) Any person who once was accused would be deprived of personality
(3) Disregarding for human life, killing innocent people
3. Eliminated traditional Chinese culture, smashed the Temple
(1) Advocacy of class struggle every day, “rebellion is rational”
(2) The warm-blooded youth who were stirred up by Mao’s struggle philosophy to eliminate the traditional culture, to overthrow all
(3) Smashed the Temple of Confucius
(4) Destroyed the historical sites, valuable cultural relics
(5) Tarnish China
(6) Revolution means seizing power, even more important than the earthquake relief
4. Blocked science and technology, fooled the education, poisoned young people, no end of trouble
(1) Technology Books ceased to publish, Mao’s books and portrayals massively issued
(2) Endless of the meeting of studying Mao’s work or oath of allegiance to Mao
(3) The only art propaganda content of all the country was to glorify, to be allegiance and defend Mao
(4) Massively produced Mao’s badge, the ritual worship of Mao
(5) Enslaved and poisoned young people
5. The feudal hereditary theory “family background theory”, “class line”
6. Distorted the history and the facts.
(1) Liu Shaoqi led labor movement in Anyuan, changed to Mao’s leading Anyuan labor movement
(2) Three revisions of the paint “founding ceremony”
(3) Zhu De and Mao joined forces in Jinggang Mountain
(3) Xinhua news photos deleted Liu Shaoqi’s image
(4) Jiang Qing attacked Tao Zhu’s “National Day photo event in 1966”
(5) Propagandized history hype "Confucius kill Shaozheng Mao”, alluding to Zhou and Deng would suppress the young rebels
(6) Sidney Rittenberg, an American among the high-level CCP leadership
(7) Distorted the facts, difficult to distinguish the genuine and fake
(8) “The 11th struggle between the two lines”
7. Suppressed intellectuals, twisted personality, devastated moral
(1) Personality had been distorted under the dictatorship
(2) The intellectuals only then did as Mao's yes-men to be able to survive
(3) The miserable fate of Li Da, representative of the first CCP congress, President of Wuhan University
(4) The political fate of Yang Rongguo, a historian
(5) Beijing University and Tsinghua University
(6) The fate of Shui Tianguang, Li Jiulian, Lu Lanxiu, Wang Shenyou etc.
(7) Ups and downs of Li Qinglin, a teacher in Fujian Putian County
(8) What happened about the writer Jin Jingmai?
8. Eradicated all religions, only allowed belief Mao's thought
(1) Eliminated all religious
(2) "Three Loyalties to and Four-Infinite" activities to Mao
(3) Surpassed all religions, everyday's ceremony to Mao "early morning request for instructions and evening report"
(4) surpassed all religious confession ceremony, “challenge selfishness and criticize revisionism”
(5) Super-political and religious unity in the form of “Loyalty Word Dance”, “Mao quotations gymnastic”, “Mao quotations boxing”
(6) Everywhere in the country offer birthday congratulations daily for Mao
(7) “The world enter the era of Mao”, “Mao is the people's great savior”, “Only socialism can save China
9. People forever only be able to be yes-men
10. Productions suffered the huge impact, the economy to approach collapse
11. The people live in an extremely poor life
